Serum Levels Of CD163 Research Articles

CD109 identified in circulating proteomics mitigates postoperative recurrence in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps by suppressing TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition

BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a common inflammatory disorder with a high rate of recurrence. This study aimed to explore biomarkers for identifying patients with recurrent CRSwNP (rCRSwNP). MethodsWe recruited two independent cohorts. In the discovery cohort, rCRSwNP patients and non-recurrent CRSwNP (non-rCRSwNP) patients were recruited, and the serum proteomic profile was characterized. The top 5 upregulated and downregulated proteins were confirmed in the validation cohort by ELISA, WB, and qRT-PCR, and their predictive values for postoperative recurrence were assessed. In vitro, human nasal epithelial cells (HNEpCs) were employed to assess the ability of candidate proteins to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). ResultsSerum proteomics identified 53 different proteins, including 30 increased and 23 decreased, between the rCRSwNP and non-rCRSwNP groups. ELISA results revealed that serum levels of CD163 and TGF-β1 were elevated, CD109 and PRDX2 were decreased in the rCRSwNP group compared to the non-rCRSwNP group, and serum CD163, TGF-β1, and CD109 levels were proved to be associated with the risk of postoperative recurrence. In addition, qRT-PCR and WB revealed that tissue CD163, TGF-β1, and CD109 expressions in rCRSwNP patients were enhanced compared to those non-rCRSwNP patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that increased CD163 and TGF-β1 expression and decreased CD109 expression are associated with the risk of recurrence in CRSwNP patients. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that TGF-β1 and CD109 had superior diagnostic performances for rCRSwNP. In vitro experiments showed that TGF-β1 promoted EMT in HNEpCs, and overexpression of CD109 reversed this effect. Functional recovery experiments confirmed that CD109 could attenuate EMT in HNEpCs by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway, attenuating EMT in epithelial cells. ConclusionOur data suggested that TGF-β1 and CD109 might serve as promising predictors of rCRSwNP. The TGF-β1/Smad pathway was implicated in fostering EMT in epithelial cells, particularly those exhibiting low expression of CD109. Consequently, the absence of CD109 expression in epithelial cells could be a potential mechanism underlying rCRSwNP.

Colostrum supplement, immune variables and hospital-acquired infection in acute respiratory failure: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study

BackgroundBovine colostrum has anti-microbial and immunomodulatory properties. We investigated the possibility of colostrum supplementation for managing hospital-acquired infections in critically ill patients. Materials & methodsPatients with enteral nutrition were randomly assigned to receive either colostrum 30 g daily in the intervention group or a similar amount of formula in the control group for ten days. ResultsGEE-analysis showed that patients in the colostrum group (n = 45) had higher serum CD4 and CD8 protein levels by 0.33 ng/ml and 0.29 ng/ml respectively than the control group (n = 45) during the study period (P < 0.05). The increase of lymphocytes was higher in the colostrum group (ß= 322, P = 0.04).The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (7% vs 16%) and clostridium difficile diarrhea (4% vs 22%) were significantly lower in the colostrum group than the control group. ConclusionColostrum increased lymphocytes and serum levels of CD4 and CD8 proteins and reduced the incidence of nosocomial infections.

Association of serum CD14 level and functional polymorphism C-159T in the promoter region of CD14 gene with allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory tract affecting a significant number of the world’s population. It occurs as an IgE-mediated immune response of the nasal mucosa to inhaled allergens. The human Cluster of Differentiation 14 (CD14) is a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored molecule expressed on the surface of monocytes and macrophages and functions as a receptor to lipopolysaccharides and inhaled endotoxins that may stimulate interleukins production by antigen-presenting cells. Consequently, CD14 plays a substantial role in allergic diseases and may become one of their etiological causes. This study aimed to determine the association between C-159T polymorphism in the CD14 gene promoter region and serum CD14 levels and the risk of Allergic rhinitis Egyptian patients and to test the validity of serum CD14 level measurement in predicting AR. This case–control study included 45 patients with AR referred to Allergy and Immunology Unit, Zagazig University Hospital, Zagazig, Egypt, and 45 healthy subjects as controls. Serum CD14 levels were measured by ELISA. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was used to detect C-159T gene polymorphism in the CD14 promoter region. There was a significant association between CD14 serum levels and AR incidence (P < 0.001), with patients having higher serum CD14 levels than controls. In addition, a significant association (P < 0.001) was detected between serum CD14 levels and the severity of AR, as well as elevated serum CD14 levels in severe and the most severe cases. On the molecular level, there was a statistically significant relationship between patients and the control group regarding the CD14 genotype (P < 0.001), where CT and TT genotypes and T allele were primarily associated with the cases group, indicating that the risk of AR was significantly associated with the inheritance of the TT genotype. Additionally, a statistically significant association was found between the severity of AR and CD14 genotype (P < 0.001), where TT genotypes were mainly associated with severe and the most severe cases. In the studied groups, there was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between the CD14 genotype and serum CD14 levels, with TT genotypes being associated with higher CD14 levels. The results obtained in this study revealed that serum CD14 level is a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of AR and, at the genetic level, a potential predictor of disease.

AIDS and COVID-19 are two diseases separated by a common lymphocytopenia

HIV and SARS-CoV-2 are responsible for two of the most dangerous and life-threatening infectious diseases of our times. To better analyze the difference in the immunological response elicited by the two infections, we compared the alterations in the lymphocyte subpopulations, measured by flow cytometry analysis (FCA) in both AIDS and COVID-19 patients, referred to our University Hospital. A total of 184 HIV infected patients were retrospectively examined and the results of FCA collected and compared to those obtained in 110 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, examined during the COVID- 19 outbreak. We observed a comparable reduction in B cells in both diseases and a more severe reduction in the total amount of T cells in COVID-19 as compared to AIDS patients. The analysis of the T cells subpopulations indicates that there is a comparable reduction in the CD4+ cells count. Conversely, a remarkable difference between them is observed in the CD8+ counts. In AIDS patients the CD8+ cells are slightly higher than normal, while in COVID-19 patients the CD8+ cell count is markedly reduced. As a result, the CD4+/CD8+ ratios, is very low in AIDS and higher than normal in COVID-19 patients. The NK cells are reduced in both diseases, but SARS-CoV-2 infection causes a more severe reduction compared to HIV infection. In conclusion, both HIV and SARS-CoV-2 viruses induce major changes in the lymphocytes count, with remarkable similarities and differences between them. The total absolute numbers of T cells and, in particular of the CD8+ subpopulation, are lower in COVID-19 patients compared to AIDS ones, while the CD4+ are reduced in both at similar levels. These results indicate that the host immune system reacts differently to the two infection, but they are responsible of a comparable dropping effect on the serum levels of CD4+ T cell population. The meaning of the similarities and of the differences in terms of T cells activation and serum depletion are discussed. The knowledge on how the immune system reacts to these two infections will be useful to better define their mechanism of action and to design specific preventive and therapeutic approaches.

Epidemiology and Clinical Outcomes of HIV Infection in South-Central China: A Retrospective Study From 2003 to 2018.

ObjectiveHIV epidemiology in South-Central China is rarely reported. This study aims to characterize epidemiological and clinical features of HIV-infected patients in Hunan Province, located in South-Central China, for better management of HIV infections.MethodsThis retrospective study retrieved multi-center records of laboratory-confirmed HIV-infected patients in Hunan province. Information on HIV-associated mortality and antiretroviral therapies was also collected.ResultsAmong 34,297 patients diagnosed with HIV infections from 2003 to 2018, 73.9% were males, 41.3% were older adults (≥50 years), and 71.2% were infected by heterosexual transmission. Despite a slow growth of new HIV infections in the overall population, annual percentages of HIV infections increased in older males (85.3% through heterosexual transmission) and young patients <30 years (39.9% through homosexual transmission). At baseline, serum levels of CD4+ T-cell counts were lower in older adults (191.0 cells/μl) than in young patients (294.6 cells/μl, p-value < 0.0001). A large proportion (47.2%, N = 16,165) of HIV-infected patients had advanced HIV disease (CD4+ T-cell counts < 200 cells/μl) from 2003 to 2018. All-cause mortality (57.0% due to AIDS-related illnesses) was reported among 4411 HIV-infected patients, including 2619 older adults. The 10-year survival rate was significantly lower in elderly males than in other patients (59.0 vs. 78.4%, p-value < 0.05).ConclusionsElderly males are prone to HIV infections with a high risk of HIV-associated fatality. Our findings support early prevention and critical care for elderly populations to control HIV infections.

Clinical Significance of Serum CD14 and Its Polymorphism as a Biomarker of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background: Liver inflammation is deliberated a risk factor for the ongoing liver damage including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatoma. CD14, an effectual mediator for the monocytes activation, has been postulated as a marker of liver inflammation and fibrosis. This study is constructed to detect the alterations in the CD14 serum levels in 40 NAFLD cases and 14 healthy controls along with to analyze the role of CD14 polymorphisms in the causation and severity of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Liver enzymes, glycated hemoglobin, together with lipid profile were estimated in all included subjects. The diagnosis of NAFLD depends largely on ultrasonography. NAFLD fibrosis score and FIB-4 score were calculated. Serum CD14 was quantified by EnzymeLinked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and C14-159C/T SNP was genotyped via Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP). Results: Serum CD14 was markedly higher in the diabetic subjects either lean or overweight/obese than the controls (P&lt;0.05). Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the optimum cutoff for CD14 was 2.97 ng/ml for discriminating NAFLD patients from their healthy counterparts with a sensitivity of 76.3% and specificity of 78.6%. There was no discrepancy in the prevalence of CD14 genotypes among NAFLD cases and controls. Moreover, the frequency of the CD14 genotypes was analogous in NAFLD patients with NFS≤0.676 and patients with NFS&gt;0.676 (P=1.000). Conclusion: The former observations advocate the potential role of CD14 in both the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD. Yet, it didn't correlate with the NFS, consequently it couldn't forecast the severity of the disease. Furthermore, no association was distinguished linking CD14 C-(159) T polymorphism and the risk of NAFLD occurrence.

Effect of Autoimmune Cell Therapy on Immune Cell Content in Patients with COPD: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective To explore the effect of autoimmune cell therapy on immune cells in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to provide a reference for clinical treatment of COPD. Methods Sixty patients with stable COPD were randomly divided into control group and treatment group (n = 30). The control group was given conventional treatment, and the treatment group was given one autoimmune cell therapy on the basis of conventional treatment. The serum levels of CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ cells, B cells, and NK cells in the peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry. Possible adverse reactions were detected at any time during treatment. Results There were no significant differences in the contents of CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ cells, B cells, and NK cells in the serum of the control group (P > 0.05). Compared with before treatment, the contents of CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ cells, B cells, and NK cells in the serum of the treatment group were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The ratio of CD4 + /CD8+ T cells in both control and treatment groups did not change significantly during treatment (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in serum CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ cells, B cells, and NK cells in the treatment group at 30 days and 90 days after treatment (P > 0.05), but they were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Autoimmune cell therapy can significantly increase the level of immune cells in the body and can be maintained for a long period of time, which has certain clinical benefits for recurrent respiratory tract infections and acute exacerbation in patients with COPD.

Evaluation of serum levels of CD14 in neonatal sepsis and its correlation with type of infection in Beni-Suef University Hospital

Evaluation of serum levels of CD14 in neonatal sepsis and its correlation with type of infection in Beni-Suef University Hospital

Effect of Yugan Sanjie decoction on expressions of regulatory T cells, serum P21 protein and vascular endothelial growth factor in mice with hepatocellular carcinoma

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Yugan Sanjie decoction on the expressions of regulatory T cells (Tregs), serum P21 protein and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in mice with hepatocellular carcinoma.&#x0D; Methods: A total of forty specific-pathogen-free (SPF) Kunming mice were randomly assigned to four groups of 10 mice each. Except for normal control group, the other three groups were transfected with hepatoma-22 (H22) cells to establish a mouse model of liver cancer. Mice in the cyclophosphamide group was given cyclophosphamide at a dose of 20 mg/kg daily intragastrically, while those in decoction group were treated with Yugan Sanjie decoction (0.4 ml/kg/day) intraperitoneally. After 30 days of treatment, serum levels of CD4+ Th17, CD4+CD25+ Treg, Th17/Treg, TNF-α, and VEGF were determined.&#x0D; Results: There was lower serum level of CD4+ Th17 in the decoction group than in negative control and cyclophosphamide groups (p &lt; 0.05). However, higher serum levels of CD4+CD25+ Treg and Th17/Treg were seen in the decoction group, relative to the negative control and cyclophosphamide groups (p &lt; 0.05). Serum TNF-α was also markedly elevated in decoction group, when compared with negative control and cyclophosphamide groups (p &lt; 0.05). Serum VEGF was markedly lower in decoction group than in negative control and cyclophosphamide groups, and was appreciably lower in cyclophosphamide group than in negative control group (p &lt; 0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: Yugan Sanjie decoction effectively alleviates clinical symptoms of LC, and improves immune function of mice by regulating serum levels of T lymphocytes. These findings provide scientific support for a new treatment strategy.

Decreased classical monocytes and CD163 expression in TB patients: an indicator of drug resistance.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease instigated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Peripheral blood monocytes represent highly efficient effector cells of innate immunity against TB. Little is known about monocyte subsets and their potential involvement in the development of M. tuberculosis drug resistance in patients with TB. This study was conducted to investigate alterations in monocyte subsets, CD163 expression on monocytes, and its serum level in patients without and with rifampicin resistance TB (RR-TB) and healthy controls. A total of 164 patients with TB (84 without RR-TB and 80 patients with RR-TB) and 85 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The percentages of various monocyte subsets and surface expression of CD163 on monocytes were quantitatively determined using flow cytometry. The serum level of CD163 was determined by commercially available ELISA kits. Decreased frequency of classical monocytes was detected in patients with RR-TB. Non-classical monocytes were decreased in patients without RR-TB; however, intermediate monocytes were raised in patients with RR-TB. The serum level of CD163 was decreased in patients of RR-TB that showsed a positive correlation with the frequency of CD14++CD16-CD163+ and CD14++CD16+CD163+ monocytes. It is concluded that decreased classical monocytes and sCD163 in patients with RR-TB could be an indicator of drug resistance.

Performance of serum CD163 as a marker of fibrosis in patients with NAFLD

Background and aimsCD163, a surface hemoglobin-haptoglobin scavenger receptor, is expressed on macrophages and monocytes and up-regulated during macrophage activation. This study aimed to evaluate CD163 in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in such patients. Methods: Serum samples were collected from 41 NAFLD patients and 14 healthy controls. All cases were subjected to clinical assessment, abdominal ultrasound examination, laboratory assessment including liver function and enzymes, kidney function, and lipid profile. Fib-4 and NAFLD fibrosis score were calculated for all patients. Also, serum levels of CD163 were detected by ELISA technique. Results: The present study showed that BMI, NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), uric acid, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were significantly elevated in the NAFLD cases compared with healthy controls (P < 0.05). The serum level of sCD163 was considerably higher in NAFLD cases (9.97 ± 9.97 ng/ml) vs. healthy controls (1.87 ± 0.83 ng/ml) (p < 0.001). Circulating level of sCD163 was significantly higher in the obese-diabetic subjects and diabetic non-obese patients as compared with the lean healthy subjects (11.15 ± 7.69 ng/ml) and 11.46 ± 13.83 ng/ml vs. 1.87 ± 0.83 ng/ml, P < 0.05; respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of this marker was 85.4%, and 92.9 for distinguishing patients with NAFLD in obese and/or diabetic subjects from healthy controls. Conclusion: serum level of CD163 can be used as a diagnostic marker for individuals with NAFLD. However, it didn’t correlate with NAFLD fibrosis score of those patients and thus couldn’t predict the severity of disease.

Effects of Micro-Ecological Enteral Nutrition on Systemic Inflammatory Response, Bacterial Translocation, and Immune Function in Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis

We have evaluated the effect of early and late micro-ecological enteral nutrition on systemic inflammatory response, bacterial translocation, and immune function in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Two weeks after treatment, experimental group receiving early nutritional intervention exhibited a significant increase in intestinal lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, fewer staphylococci, and E. coli, and lower levels of serum endotoxin, D-lactic acid, and diamine oxidase than the group receiving late intervention (control group) (P &lt; 0.05). Also, the serum levels of CD3+ and CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ ratio significantly increase after 2 weeks of intervention. On the other hand, the level of CD8+ and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Modified Computed Tomography Severity Index scores significantly decreased after 2 weeks of treatment (P &lt; 0.05). The early intervention also led to a significant shortening of time needed for abdominal pain relief, anal exhaustion, resumption of peristaltic sound, and hospitalization. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in overall response rate, and decrease in the incidence rate of complications (P &lt; 0.05). Early micro-ecological enteral nutrition therapy can effectively relieve systemic inflammatory response, prevent intestinal bacterial translocation, restore the function of intestinal mucosal barrier, and alleviate nutritional imbalance in severe acute pancreatitis patients leading to improved immune function, mitigation of the disease, and reduced complications benefiting the recovery of patients.

CD14 as A Serum Immune Biomarker and Genetic Predisposition Factor for Allergic Rhinitis.

Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is a common inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa. The CD14 is a receptor for lipopolysaccharide and inhaled endotoxin which can stimulate the production of interleukins by antigen presenting cells. Accordingly, CD14 plays an important role in allergic and atopic diseases, which can be one of the etiological factors for allergic diseases. The present study investigated the association between the CD14 gene polymorphism C-159T and AR and aimed to detect the correlation between serum levels of CD14 and AR. This study was conducted on two groups of participants. The experimental group consisted of 125 patients with AR referring to Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in Mashhad, Iran, and the control group included 125 healthy subjects from Mashhad National Blood Center, Iran. Serum CD14 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was employed to detect C-159T gene polymorphism in the CD14 promoter region. There was a significant association between CD14 C-159T gene polymorphism and AR (P<0.001). The results of the statistical analysis showed that the TT genotype could significantly increase the risk of AR (P<0.001). Additionally, a significant association was observed between C-159T gene polymorphism and the serum level of CD14 (P<0.001). Regardless of the genotypes, the serum CD14 levels were significantly higher in AR patients than in those of the participants in the controls (P=0.007). According to the obtained results of this study, CD14 in serum might be a potential marker for the diagnosis of AR, and in genetic levels it might be a predictive factor for the disease.

The role of human monocyte-expressing markers (CD163 and MR/CD206) in pediatric sepsis

Background The diagnosis of pediatric sepsis requires sensitive biomarkers to start effective prompt treatment. We evaluated the significance of the haptoglobin–hemoglobin receptor (CD163) and the mannose receptor (MR/CD206) expression and their soluble serum levels as early diagnostic markers for pediatric sepsis. Patients and methods This prospective study investigated 50 pediatric patients suspected of having sepsis and 50 age-matched healthy control children. Detection of monocyte expression of CD163 and MR was analyzed by flow cytometric technique, and the soluble serum levels of CD163 and MR were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The diagnostic values of the monocytes’ related markers were assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve. Results The monocyte expression of CD163 and MR/CD206 and their serum levels were significantly higher in the septic patients than in the controls. We show that the sensitivity of sMR to predict sepsis exceeded that of either C-reactive protein or procalcitonin (area under the curve= 0.98, 0.86, and 0.82, respectively). sMR had higher area under the curve than soluble macrophage-related protein 163 [0.93; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.79–0.98] followed by monocyte-bound CD163 expression (0.77; 95% CI: 0.61–0.93) and then MR/CD206 (0.68; 95% CI: 0.56–0.90). Conclusion The study supports the important significance of the monocyte/macrophage-related markers for prediction of sepsis in children and highlights the potential diagnostic use of their soluble forms as new pediatric sepsis biomarkers.

Retrospective analysis of the cell therapy of inhibition of antigen-presentation attenuators combined with adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of colon cancer

Objective To investigate the clinical effect and safety of the cell therapy of inhibition of antigen-presentation attenuators(iAPA) combined with adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of colon cancer. Methods From February 2014 to October 2015, the clinical data of 40 patients with colon cancer in the People's Hospital of Wenzhou were analyzed retrospectively.They were divided into control group and study group by the random digital table, with 20 cases in each group.The control group received mFOLFOX6 chemotherapy(treatment for 6 months), and the study group was treated with iAPA on the basis of the control group (treatment for 6 cycle). The clinical efficacy, levels of immune function indicators (CD3+ , CD4+ , CD8+ , CD4+ /CD8+ ) before treatment and after treatment, the incidence of toxic and side effects and quality of life (QOL) score of the two groups were recorded.And the survival rates were statistically analyzed. Results The total effective rate of the study group was higher than that of the control group(85.0% vs.55.0%, χ2=4.286, P<0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of CD3+ , CD4+ , CD8+ , CD4+ /CD8+ in the study group were higher than those in the control group, while the serum level of CD8+ was lower in the study group than that in the control group, the differences were statistically significant(t=2.657, 3.160, 5.700, 2.326, all P<0.05). There were no side effects of the degree of Ⅳ in the two groups.The incidence rates of diarrhea(25.0%), vomiting and nausea(20.0%), liver function damage(25.0%) and bone marrow suppression(25.0%) in the study group were lower than those in the control group(χ2=5.013, 5.227, 5.013, 6.465, all P<0.05). After treatment, the QOL scores of the two groups were higher than those before treatment(all P<0.05), and the QOL score of the study group was higher than that of the control group(t=4.739, P<0.05). The survival rate of the study group was higher than that of the control group after 24 and 30 months of treatment(χ2=5.013, 4.912, all P<0.05). Conclusion The iAPA combined with adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of colon cancer can regulate the immune function of the patients, and improve the treatment effect of the disease.It helps to improve the QOL and prolong the life period of the patients, reduce the incidence of side effects, and it is safe. Key words: Colonic neoplasms; Gene ttherapy; Immunity; Antineoplastic combined chemotherapy protocols; Adverse drug reaction reporting systems; Quality of life; Disease-free survival; Prognosis

C(-260)T Polymorphism in CD14 Receptor Gene of Egyptians with Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Despite the significance of the traditional risk factors, recently published studies have suggested that inflammatory processes and variations in the genetics of the inflammatory system may participate in the initiation of atherosclerosis and its complications. To investigate the possible association between CD14 C(-260)T (rs2569190) gene polymorphism and the risk of acute myocardial infarction in the Egyptian population. We enrolled 100 acute myocardial infarction patients in addition to 107 healthy controls. Deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted, purified and used for the genotype assay of C(-260)T polymorphism in promoter region of CD14 gene. Genotyping was conducted using polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism. Polymerase chain reaction product was digested using a restriction enzyme and the digestion products were specified. Serum CD14 levels were determined by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. CD14 genotypic distribution (CC: 15.9% vs. 16%, CT: 62.6% vs. 58%, TT: 21.5% vs. 26% in controls versus acute myocardial infarction patients, p > 0.05 for all variables) and allele frequencies (C allele: 47% vs., 45%, T allele: 52% vs. 55% in controls versus acute myocardial infarction patients, p > 0.05 for all variables) did not show a statistical significant difference. Serum CD14 levels were elevated in acute myocardial infarction patients (5.73±0.62 vs. 4.48±0.28 pg/ml, p < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in serum CD14 levels among different CD14 genotypes. CD14 C-(260)T polymorphism is not associated with incidence of acute myocardial infarction in Egyptians who showed elevated serum CD14 levels in comparison to healthy individuals.

Study of difference of peripheral blood lymphocytes immunophenotyping and NK cells on connective tissue disease combined with interstitial lung disease

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of peripheral blood lymphocytes immunophenotyping and Natural Killer cells (NK) in the judgment of the types of Connective Tissue Disease Combined with Interstitial Lung Disease (CTD-ILD). Methods: 262 CTD-ILD patients and 50 healthy volunteers in our hospital from January 2010 to December 2015 were enrolled into the study. There were 164 patients with CTD-ILD and 98 patients with ILD. The clinical symptoms and High Resolution CT (HRCT) of all patients were observed and compared between the two groups. The serum levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, CD56+ T cells were detected by flow cytometry and compared among the three groups. Results: There were no difference of the clinical symptoms and the characteristics of HRCT between the two patients groups (P>0.05). The serum level of CD3+-CD8+ T cells of patients in the CTD-ILD group was higher than the control group and ILD group (P<0.05); and the serum level of CD3-CD56+ T cells and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in the CTD-ILD group was lower than the control group and ILD group (P<0.05). But there was no difference of the peripheral blood lymphocytes immunophenotyping between the ILD group and control group (P>0.05). Conclusion: The immunophenotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes could be helpful to judge the types of connective tissue disease combined with interstitial lung disease.

Effects of different anesthesia methods on postoperative transient neurological syndrome in patients with lumbar disc herniation.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of different anesthesia methods on postoperative transient neurologic syndrome (TNS) in patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Ninety-six patients with LDH were selected from November 2015 to October 2016 in Cangzhou Central hospital. All patients were treated with percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy. The patients were randomly divided into the control group and observation group, with 48 patients each. Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia was performed for patients in the control group, while epidural anesthesia was applied in the observation group. The levels of T lymphocyte subsets (CD4+ and CD8+) and inflammatory factors (IL-2 and TNF-α) were measured and compared before and 1 week after surgery. The incidence rate of TNS within 1 week after surgery was compared between the two groups. Fugl-Meyer Assessment was used to evaluate lower limb motor function and sensory disturbances at 1, 3 and 5 days after treatment. One week after treatment, the serum levels of CD4+ and CD8+ in the two groups were significantly lower than those before surgery (p<0.05), but no significant differences were found between the groups (p>0.05). The incidence rate of TNS within 1 week after surgery was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (p<0.05). The scores of lower limb motor function and sensory disturbances in the observation group evaluated at 1, 3 and 5 days after treatment were significantly higher than those in the control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, combined spinal-epidural anesthesia and epidural anesthesia caused no significant differences in immune function or inflammatory indexes in patients with LDH. However, the application of epidural anesthesia significantly reduced the incidence rate of postoperative TNS, which in turn reduced nerve damage.

Clinical value of combined detection of serum CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells for advanced gastric cancer

Objective To explore the clinical value of combined detection of serum CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells for advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Methods Serum levels of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells were measured by flow cytometry and compared in 20 patients with AGC (experimental group) and 20 healthy adults (control group). Also, serum levels of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells were measured by flow cytometry and compared before and after surgical treatment in the patients of experimental group. Results The serum levels of CD4+ T cells were decreased and CD8+ T cells were increased in patients with AGC. However, the serum levels of CD4+ T cells were increased and CD8+ T cells were decreased after surgical treatment (P<0.05). Conclusions The serum levels of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cell help to assess the immune status of patients with AGC, which contributes to the illness monitoring for AGC. Key words: Stomach neoplasms/IM; CD4-positive T-lymphocytes/IM; CD8-positive T-lymphocytes/IM

Cluster of differentiation and renal assessment of reactive HIV subjects in Akure Nigeria

Background: HIV/AIDS is a rapidly growing epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa, Nigeria in particular. The report of the 2012 National Reproductive Health Survey Plus indicated that the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria, that is, Nigerians currently living with HIV/AIDS is about 3.4% while Ondo State has a prevalence of 4.3%. HIV is a retrovirus that primarily infects components of the human immune system such as CD4 T-cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. Objectives: To evaluate the CD4+ T cell count, sodium, potassium, urea and creatinine in adult HIV seropositive subjects on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) and those yet to be started on HAART as well as HIV seronegative control subjects. Materials and Methods: Serum levels of CD4+ count of adult HIV seropositive subjects on HAART, yet to start HAART and seronegative controls were determined using flow cytometry while their serum sodium, potassium, urea and creatinine were determined using enzymatic spectrophotometric method. All data were expressed as Mean ± Standard Deviation (SD) and analysed with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) while multiple comparisons were done using Post Hoc test. Results: The serum sodium is significantly lower in the subjects in HAART group as compared with that of the other two groups. No significant difference in urea & creatinine was found in the three groups. Conclusion: Despite the fact that it appears the drugs did not have adverse effect on the kidneys, there is need for close monitoring of patients on antiretroviral medications as various drugs over time have adverse effects on various organs.