Serum Bone Alkaline Phosphatase Research Articles

Modified and Alternative Bone Cements Can Improve the Induced Membrane: Critical Size Bone Defect Model in Rat Femur

BackgroundAs a two-stage surgical procedure, Masquelet's technique has been used in the care of critical-size bone defects (CSD). We aimed to determine the effects of modified and altered bone cement with biological or chemical enriching agents on the progression of Masquelet's induced membrane (IM) applied to a rat femur CSD model, and to compare the histopathological, biochemical, and immunohistochemical findings of these cements to enhance IM capacity. MethodsThirty-five male rats were recruited into five groups PMMA, E+PMMA, BC+PMMA, HA, and CPC. The levels of bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), osteocalcin (OC), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were analyzed in intracardiac blood samples collected at the end of 4 weeks of the right femur CSD intervention. All IMs collected were fixed and prepared for histopathological scoring. The tissue levels of rat-specific Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-β), Runt-related Transcription Factor 2 (Runx2), and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) were analyzed immunohistochemically. ResultsSerum levels of BALP and OC were significantly higher in E+PMMA and BC+PMMA groups than those of other groups (P=0.0061 and 0.0019, respectively). In contrast, TNF-α levels of all groups with alternative bone cement significantly decreased compared to bare PMMA (P=0.0116). Histopathological scores of E+PMMA, BC+PMMA, and CPC groups were 6.86±1.57, 4.71±0.76, and 6.57±1.51, respectively, which were considerably higher than those of PMMA and HA groups (3.14±0.70 and 1.86±0.69, respectively) (P<0.0001). Significant increases in TGF-β and VEGF expressions were observed in E+PMMA and CPC groups (P=0.0001 and <0.0001, respectively) whereas Runx2 expression significantly increased only in the HA group compared to other groups (P<0.0001). ConclusionsThe modified PMMA with E and BC, and CPC as an alternative spacer resulted in a well-differentiated IM and increased IM progression by elevating BALP and OC levels in serum and by mediating expressions of TGF-β and VEGF at the tissue level. The estrogen resulted in relatively promising findings among altered and alternative bone cement.

Promoting a Cobalt Complex of Qingzhuan Dark Tea Polysaccharides on Fracture Healing in Rats.

Fractures occur commonly with multiple injuries, and their incidence has increased in recent years. Trace amounts of cobalt are necessary for many living organisms as it stimulates hematopoiesis and improves bone health. However, cobalt is also toxic, as it might cause allergic reactions and tissue destruction. These factors limit the application of cobalt in some medical fields. We studied the tea polysaccode-cobalt complex (TPS-Co) prepared from Qingzhuan Dark Tea polysaccharides. We used 6-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats to establish a femoral fracture model and evaluated the effects of CoCl2 and TPS-Co on the healing of femoral fractures. In this study, treatment with TPS-Co for the same content of cobalt intake decreased the side effects associated with CoCl2 treatment and accelerated the healing of femoral fractures in rats. This treatment method promoted angiogenesis by upregulating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and hypoxia-inducible factor. Bone formation was promoted via the upregulation of the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and serum bone alkaline phosphatase. TPS-Co was found to actively regulate bone and vascular systems, resulting in significant bone regeneration effects. Therefore, the Qingzhuan Dark Tea polysaccharide cobalt complex might be used as an additive or drug to promote fracture healing, and thus, it might have a huge market value.

Correlations between bone metabolism biomarkers and fluoride exposure in adults and children

Increased exposure to fluoride, which notably affects bone metabolism, is a global concern. However, the correlations and sensitivity of bone metabolism to fluoride remain controversial. In this cross-sectional study, 549 children (aged 7–12 years) and 504 adults (≥ 18 years old) were recruited in the high-fluoride areas of the Henan Province. Urinary fluoride (UF) level was determined using a fluoride electrode. Fasting venous blood serum was collected to measure bone metabolism biomarkers. The selected bone metabolism biomarkers for children included bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), calcitonin (CT), parathyroid hormone (PTH), phosphorus (P5+), and calcium (Ca2+). For adults, the biomarkers included ALP, CT, PTH, β-CrossLaps (β-CTX), P5+, and Ca2+. The correlations between UF and bone metabolism biomarkers were analyzed using binary logistic regression, a trend test, a generalized additive model, and threshold effect analysis. Regression analysis indicated a significant correlation between serum OCN, PTH, and UF levels in children aged 7–9 years. Serum OCN, PTH, and BALP contents were significantly correlated with UF in boys (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the interaction between age and UF affected serum P5+ and PTH (P < 0.05). The generalized additive model revealed nonlinear dose–response relationships between P5+, BALP, and UF contents in children (P < 0.05). Serum OCN level was linearly correlated with the UF concentration (P < 0.05). Similarly, a significant correlation was observed between β-CTX and UF levels in adults. In addition, significant correlations were observed between UF–age and serum Ca2+, β-CTX, and PTH contents. There was a non-linear correlation between serum Ca2+, P5+, and β- CTX and UF levels (P < 0.05). Overall, serum OCN, BALP, and P5+ levels can serve as sensitive bone metabolism biomarkers in children, while β-CTX, P5+, and Ca2+ can be considered fluoride-sensitive bone metabolism biomarkers in adults.

Cell phone radiation effect on osteocalcin and bone alkaline phosphatase

Background: Electromagnetic fields are forces associated with moving electric charges and have electrical, magnetic components and contain electromagnetic energy, one of which is radio frequency (RF) energy which is commonly used in telecommunications. Cell phones are one of the RF electromagnetic radiation devices that can emit 90-2450 MHz waves and are often placed near the head. The human body works like an electromagnetic field in that each cell has its own electrical circuit characteristics. As the number of electromagnetic radiation devices in the environment increases, the electromagnetic balance in the human body may be disturbed by the magnetic waves produced by cell phones. Electromagnetic radiation is known to have the ability to induce oxidative stress, which is characterized by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tissues. The accumulation of ROS in the body leads to osteoblast cell death. Osteoblasts are needed for mineralization of the extracellular matrix during bone growth. Therefore, bone growth is not optimal and can caused malocclusion. Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between electromagnetic radiation and osteocalcin and bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) serum levels. Methods: Experimental laboratory research with a pre- and post-control group design approach was carried out on 12 Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain. Osteocalcin and BALP serum levels were calculated before and after treatment. This study used the t-test as a comparative study (p&lt;0.05). Results: There are significant differences in osteocalcin and BALP values between the treatment groups before and after treatment. Conclusion: Cell phone radiations (electromagnetic field exposure) reduce osteocalcin and BALP serum levels.

Longbie capsules reduce bone loss in the subchondral bone of rats with comorbid osteoporosis and osteoarthritis by regulating metabolite alterations.

With the development of global population aging, comorbidity (≥2 diseases) is a common health problem among elderly people. Osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis (OP) are common in elderly individuals. There is a lack of drug therapy for OA and OP comorbidities. The purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy and mechanism of Longbie capsule (LBJN), which contains various plant herbs, in treating OA and OP comorbidities (OA + OP) in rats using metabolomics techniques. We created an OA + OP rat model through bilateral oophorectomy combined with meniscus instability surgery. Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into five groups (six in each group), namely, the sham group, OA group, OA + OP group, LBJN low-dose group (0.625 g/kg, OA + OP+LB-L group) and LBJN high-dose group (1.25 g/kg, OA + OP+LB-H group). After 8 weeks of intervention, we used micro-CT to detect bone microstructure status, ELISA to measure bone metabolism indicators, and UPLC-MS technology for metabolomics analysis. Finally, the screened differentially expressed metabolites were subjected to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and functional enrichment analysis. The micro-CT results showed that LBJN significantly improved the bone mineral density (BMD) and bone quality of subchondral bone in OA + OP rats, and LBJN regulated the expression of bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) in serum to maintain bone metabolism balance. Metabolomics analysis showed that the metabolic trajectory of OA + OP rats after intervention in the OA + OP+LB-H group showed significant changes, and 107 potential biomarkers could be identified. Among them, 50 metabolites were upregulated (such as zeranol) and 57 were downregulated (such as vanillactic acid). The KEGG functional enrichment results indicated that the differentially expressed metabolites are mainly involved in amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism. The KEGG pathway enrichment results indicated that LBJN may exert therapeutic effects on OA + OP rats by regulating the cAMP signaling pathway, and the FoxO signaling pathway. LBJN can maintain bone metabolism balance by regulating serum lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and estrogen, thereby reducing bone loss in subchondral bone, which may be a potential mechanism through which LBJN treats OA + OP.

Riboflavin deficiency reduces bone mineral density in rats by compromising osteoblast function

Insufficient riboflavin intake has been associated with poor bone health. This study aimed to investigate the effect of riboflavin deficiency on bone health in vivo and in vitro. Riboflavin deficiency was successfully developed in rats and osteoblasts. The results indicated that bone mineral density, serum bone alkaline phosphatase, bone phosphorus, and bone calcium were significantly decreased while serum ionized calcium and osteocalcin were significantly increased in the riboflavin-deficient rats. Riboflavin deficiency also induced the reduction of Runx2, Osterix, and BMP-2/Smad1/5/9 cascade in the femur. These results were further verified in cellular experiments. Our findings demonstrated that alkaline phosphatase activities and calcified nodules were significantly decreased while intracellular osteocalcin and pro-collagen I c-terminal propeptide were significantly increased in the riboflavin-deficient osteoblasts. Additionally, the protein expression of Osterix, Runx2, and BMP-2/Smad1/5/9 cascade were significantly decreased while the protein expression of p-p38 MAPK were significantly increased in the riboflavin-deficient cells compared to the control cells. Blockage of p38 MAPK signaling pathway with SB203580 reversed these effects in riboflavin-deficient osteoblastic cells. Our data suggest that riboflavin deficiency causes osteoblast malfunction and retards bone matrix mineralization via p38 MAPK/BMP-2/Smad1/5/9 signaling pathway.

Genetic polymorphisms of rs73620203 in the transforming growth interacting factor gene associated with rheumatoid arthritis in a Chinese population

ObjectiveTo explore the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the transforming growth interacting factor (TGIF) gene with bone metabolism markers and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility. MethodsThree SNPs were genotyped in 155 RA patients and 168 healthy controls using high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis. The serum levels of osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), and β type I collagen-crosslinked C telopeptide (β-CTX) were detected using electrochemical luminescence in 108 patients randomly selected from the RA group. ResultsGenotype and allele frequency analysis showed that rs73620203 was associated with bone erosion in RA (P = 0.012 and P = 0.003, respectively), and individuals carrying the T allele for rs73620203 showed a decreased RA risk (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.42–0.84; P = 0.003). In sex-specific analysis, the rs73620203 polymorphism was associated with susceptibility to RA in women (P = 0.022 and P = 0.006, respectively). In addition, RA patients with three genotypes at the rs73620203 locus showed significant differences in serum osteocalcin and BALP (P = 0.006 and P = 0.037, respectively). Haplotype analysis revealed that the haploid ATG and GCA frequencies were significantly lower in the RA group (P = 0.036, OR = 0.693; P = 0.002, OR = 0.189, respectively), while the haploid ACA frequency of the RA group was enhanced (P < 0.01, OR = 5.058). ConclusionOur study provides the first evidence that rs73620203 is associated with RA susceptibility and the relationship between TGIF gene SNPs and the regulation of bone metabolism in RA patients.

The correlation of two bone turnover markers with bone mineral density: a population-based cross-sectional study

ObjectiveExploring the correlation between bone turnover marks (BTMs) with lumbar BMD in middle-aged populations.MethodsThe cross-sectional analysis fetched data came from NHANES. The level of serum bone alkaline phosphatase (sBAP) and urinary N-telopeptide (uNTx) were regarded as representative of bone turnover. Lumbar BMD was the outcome of the study. Multivariable linear regression models were utilized to detect the correlation of sBAP and uNTx with Lumbar BMD.ResultsThe level of sBAP and uNTx was negatively correlated with lumbar BMD in every multivariable linear regression. For sBAP, this inverse correlation was stable in both men and women (P < 0.01). uNTx indicated a negative association after all relevant covariables were adjusted (P < 0.01). The men group remained the negative correlation in gender subgroup analysis (P < 0.01).ConclusionThis study indicated that the increased level of sBAP and uNTx associated with lumbar BMD decreased among middle-aged adults. This correlation could prompt researchers to explore further the relationship between bone turnover rate and BMD, which may provide information for the early detection of BMD loss and provide a new strategy for clinical practice.

Co-occurrence of Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia and X-Linked Hypophosphatemia in a Three-Generation Chinese Family.

Rare genetic skeletal disorders (GSDs) remain the major problem in orthopedics and result in significant morbidity in patients, but the causes are highly diverse. Precise molecular diagnosis will benefit management and genetic counseling. This study aims to share the diagnostic experience on a three-generation Chinese family with co-occurrence of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (SED) and X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), and evaluate the therapeutic effects of two third-generation siblings. The proband, his younger brother, and mother presented with short stature, skeletal problems, and hypophosphatemia. His father, paternal grandfather, and aunt also manifested short stature and skeletal deformities. Whole exome sequencing (WES) of proband-brother-parents initially only found the proband and his younger brother had a pathogenic c.2833G>A(p.G945S) variant in the COL2A1 gene inherited from their father. Re-analysis of WES uncovered the proband and his younger brother also harbored a pathogenic ex.12 del variant in the PHEX gene transmitted from their mother. Sanger sequencing, agarose gel electrophoresis, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction proved these results. The proband and his younger brother were confirmed to have a paternally inherited SED and a maternally inherited XLH. During a 2.8-year follow-up, these two siblings remained short stature and hypophosphatemia, but their radiographic signs and serum bone alkaline phosphatase levels were improved with treatment of oral phosphate and calcitriol. Our study presents the first report of co-occurrence of SED and XLH, shows the possibility that two different rare GSDs co-exist in a single patient, and alerts clinicians and geneticists to be cautious about this condition. Our study also suggests that next-generation sequencing has limit in detecting exon-level large deletions.

Diagnosis of SPECT/CT bone imaging combined with two serum examinations in patients with bone metastases from pulmonary cancer.

To study the clinical diagnostic value of SPECT/CT bone imaging combined with two serum examinations in patients with bone metastases from pulmonary cancer. The clinical data of 120 patients consistent with pulmonary cancer admitted to the First Affiliated Hospitalof Hebei North University from March 2019 to December 2019 were selected for retrospective analysis, and they were divided into the bone metastasis group (n = 58) and non-bone metastasis group (n = 62) according to comprehensive evaluation result of X-ray, CT, MRI and clinical follow-up. The CT values of patients were obtained by SPECT/CT bone imaging to compare serum levels of ALP (alkaline phosphatase belongs to phosphoric monoester hydrolases, as a specific phosphatase, mainly in body tissues and body fluid) and BAP (bone alkaline phosphatase is formed by different modification and processing of alkaline phosphatase, and is mainly released by osteoblasts) and CT values of patients in both groups, using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of single detection and combined detection. SPECT/CT bone imaging in patients with bone metastasis from pulmonary cancer showed abnormal radioactive accumulation in spine, pelvis and bilateral ribs. Serum ALP, BAP and CT values in bone metastasis group were overtly higher than the non-bone metastasis group (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that serum ALP, BAP and CT value were independent risk factors for bone metastasis from pulmonary cancer. The AUC value and Youden index of combined diagnosis were higher than those of single diagnosis. SPECT/CT bone imaging combined with serum detection of ALP and BAP in patients with pulmonary cancer is helpful for early diagnosis of bone metastasis, which provides more basis for the formulation and selection of clinical treatment options.

Marantodes pumilum (Kacip Fatimah) Aqueous Extract Enhances Osteoblast and Suppresses Osteoclast Activities in Cancellous Bone of a Rat Model of Postmenopause.

Evidence pointed towards the benefits of Marantodes pumilum in treating osteoporosis after menopause; however, the detailed mechanisms still have not been explored. Therefore, this study aims to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying M. pumilum's bone-protective effect via the involvement of RANK/RANKL/OPG and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Ovariectomized adult female rats were given M. pumilum leaf aqueous extract (MPLA) (50 and 100mg/kg/day) and estrogen (positive control) orally for twenty-eight consecutive days. Following the treatment, rats were sacrificed, and femur bones were harvested. Blood was withdrawn for analysis of serum Ca2+, PO43-, and bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) levels. The bone microarchitectural changes were observed by H&E and PAS staining and distribution and expression of RANK/RANKL/OPG and Wnt3a/β-catenin and its downstream proteins were determined by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blot, and real-time PCR. MPLA treatment increased serum Ca2+ and PO43- levels and reduced serum BALP levels (p < 0.05). Besides, deterioration in cancellous bone microarchitecture and the loss of bone glycogen and collagen content were mitigated by MPLA treatment. Levels of RANKL, Traf6, and NF-kB but not RANK in bone were decreased; however, levels of OPG, Wnt3a, LRP-5, Frizzled, Dvl, β-catenin, RUNX, and Bmp-2 in bone were increased following treatment with MPLA. In conclusion,MPLA helps to protect against bone deterioration in estrogen deficiency state and thus, this herb could potentially be used to ameliorate osteoporosis in women after menopause.

Effects of vitamin K supplementation on reproductive performance and bone metabolism-related biochemical markers in lactation sows.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of vitamin K (VK) supplementation on reproductive performance and bone metabolism-related biochemical markers in sows. Twenty-four Large White×Landrace sows (mean parity 4.04) were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments (NC diet, a basal diet with 0.5 mg/kg of VK3; VK diet, a basal diet with 5 mg/kg of VK3) with twelve replicates per treatment and one sow per replicate according to parity. The experiment started on day 107 of gestation and lasted until day 21 of lactation (weaning). We observed that there were no differences (p>0.05) in average daily feed intake, backfat loss of sows, live piglet number at birth and weaning, average birth weight, average weaning weight, and average daily gain of piglets between two treatments. The apparent total tract digestibility of phosphorus was increased (p<0.05) in VK sows compared with NC sows. The serum bone alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, type I procollagen aminoterminal peptide, and type I procollagen carboxyl-terminal peptide on day of farrowing were higher (p<0.05) in VK sows than in NC sows. The serum phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha on day of weaning were lower (p<0.05) in VK sows compared with NC sows. Therefore, the overall results suggested that increasing dietary VK3 (0.5 to 5 mg/kg) during lactation improved the apparent total tract digestibility of phosphorus and serum bone metabolism biochemical markers in sows.

Does chronic low-dose aspirin use benefit bone health? A cross-sectional study on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

IntroductionNumerous studies have reported the striking result that aspirin use is associated with higher bone mineral density (BMD), suggesting its potential as a population-wide osteoporosis prevention measure. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the impact of chronic low-dose aspirin use on bone remodeling biomarkers and BMD in an aging population.Materials and methodsBetween September and November of 2019, clinical data regarding the medication use, serum bone remodeling biomarkers, and BMD of 567 consecutively hospitalized patients, a minimum of 50 years old with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), were collected. The cross-sectional associations between chronic low-dose aspirin use and serum concentrations of bone remodeling biomarkers and BMD were estimated separately using linear regression. Potential confounding variables were controlled for, including age, sex, and comorbidities.ResultsLow-dose aspirin users had significantly lower serum bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) concentrations than non-users (82.44 ± 28.03 U/L vs 90.71 ± 32.79 U/L, p = 0.025). On the other hand, low-dose aspirin users had insignificantly higher vertebral BMD (0.95 ± 0.19 vs 0.91 ± 0.21, p = 0.185), femoral neck BMD (0.80 ± 0.15 vs 0.78 ± 0.17, p = 0.309) and Ward’s triangle BMD (0.46 ± 0.14 vs 0.44 ± 0.13, p = 0.209), regardless of adjustment.ConclusionsThis cross-sectional study demonstrated that chronic use of low-dose aspirin was associated with significantly lower serum concentrations of BAP in hospitalized patients with T2DM. The mechanism causing the insignificantly higher BMD observed in chronic aspirin users in this study and the significant increments in BMD reported in previous studies requires further clarification in other clinical trials.

Efficacy of Recombinant Human Endostatin plus Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Osteosarcoma and Its Influence on Serum VEGF and MMP-9 Levels.

To investigate the efficacy of recombinant human endostatin (rh-Endo) plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for osteosarcoma (OSA) and its influence on serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). The case data of 141 OSA patients presented to the North District, Xiangyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Arts and Sciences from January 2018 to June 2019, were analyzed retrospectively. Patients receiving NACT (methotrexate + ifosfamide + adriamycin) were assigned into the control group (CNG; n = 65), while those treated with rh-Endo plus NACT were included in the combination group (CMG; n = 76). The following aspects were compared: clinical efficacy, serum tumor markers, serum VEGF and MMP-9 contents, inflammatory factors, incidence of adverse reactions, limb function scores at 6 months of follow-up, and prognostic quality of life (QOL). A statistically higher overall response rate (ORR) was determined in CMG versus CNG (84.2% vs. 64.6%, P < 0.05). The pretreatment serum bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, serum amyloid A (SAA), VEGF, MMP-9, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-10 levels differed insignificantly between the two cohorts (P > 0.05); while except IL-10 that showed increased expression in both cohorts and was comparatively higher in CMG, the other 8 parameters reduced in both cohorts after 2 weeks of drug withdrawal, and the reduction of each parameter was more significant in CMG (P < 0.05). The total adverse reaction rate was 30.2% in CMG, which was higher than that of 36.9% in CNG, albeit without a statistical difference (P > 0.05). An evidently higher 2-year survival rate was determined in CMG (P < 0.05). rh-Endo plus NACT is more effective than NACT alone in the treatment of osteosarcoma, which can validly restore the balance of vascular endothelial cells, reduce inflammation, and is worth promoting in clinic.

The influence of sex and age on bone turnover markers in the adult to geriatric Kangal shepherd dogs.

The objective of this research was to learn more about bone metabolism in intact female and male Kangal shepherd dogs during the aging process following skeletal maturity. It also evaluated the potential application of biochemical bone indicators in veterinary clinical practice. Bone markers were determined as bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), osteocalcin (OC), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), and cross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) in this study. Kangal shepherd dogs of different age (adult, senior, and geriatric) and sex (male and female) groups were split into six groups of equal numbers (n=8/group). In this study, the effect of age was observed on serum BALP, OC, CTX, and ICTP concentrations. Specifically, BALP was highest in geriatric female Kangal shepherd dogs, while serum OC, CTX, and ICTP concentrations were highest in geriatric male Kangal shepherd dogs. However, no effects of sex and age-sex interactions were identified. Moreover, the effects of age, sex, and age-sex interactions had no significant effect on serum creatinine, CK, LDH, Mg, and P concentrations or ALT activities. However, only sex was found to affect serum AST activities and gradually decreased with age in females. The effect of age and age-sex interactions on serum Ca concentrations was significant (the lowest serum Ca concentrations were in geriatric females), but the effect of sex was not. These results show the effect of age and sex on bone turnover in Kangal shepherd dogs and provide information about bone biomarkers.

Measuring of Specific Bone Alkaline phosphatase ( BAP ) Bone Remodeling biomarker for Post-COVID Iraqi Patient

Background: There are several diseases in the body following recovery from COVID-19 infection because this virus operates on human genes in various types of peripheral tissue in the human body. It penetrates host cells via Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptors and may have effects on bone remodeling, leading to osteopenia or osteoporosis, which are characterized by low bone mineral density, resulting in diminished bone strength. Bone Alkaline Phpsphatase is an enzyme released into the bloodstream as a soluble homodimer after being cleaved by a phospholipase and can be utilized as a biomarker of bone development. Objective: This research was designed to investigate the alteration of bone homeostasis balance in Iraqi post-COVID-19 infection patients. Cases and Methods: This is a case control study. The study has received approval from the ethical committee at the Faculty of Medicine, Baghdad University, established on November 20, 2021–March 2, 2022. A hundred and thirty individuals were enrolled in this study. The subjects were divided into two groups; the first group (80) post-COVID-19 infection patients and the second group (50) non-COVID-19 individuals. Also, measuring markers like serum Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 and Bone Alkaline Phosphatase by using the ELISA technique. The bone mineral density was measured by a DEXA scan. Results:This study found that there is an effect of coronavirus infection on the bone strength measured by the mean ± SD Bone Alkaline Phosphatase level, which was found to be highly significant in the serum of post-COVID-19 patients when compared with non-COVID-19 individuals (P-value = 0.001), but the mean ± SD of Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 level was statistically non-significant between the two groups (P-value = 0.13). who had recovered from a coronavirus infection for 3 months or more. Also, the bone mineral density of Post COVID-19 patients that was measured by DEXA scan had a highly significant T-score% when compared between the two groups. Conclusions:This research found that COVID-19 has an impact on the bone remodeling process, leading to osteopenia or osteoporosis, which may be identified by checking the blood levels of the bone biomarker BAP and the bone mineral density (by DEXA scan) at least three months following coronavirus recovery. This investigation also discovered that some of the individuals had osteopenia rather than osteoporosis.

Perilla seed oil improves bone health by inhibiting bone resorption in healthy Japanese adults: A 12-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Accumulating evidence suggests the beneficial effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on bone mineral density (BMD). However, the effects of perilla (Perilla frutescens) seed oil (PO), a rich source of α-linoleic acid (LNA), on human bone have not yet been elucidated. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigated the effects of long-term PO intake on bone health in Japanese adults. After screening for eligibility, 52 participants (mean age 54.2 ± 6.4 years) were randomly assigned to placebo (n=25) and PO (n=27) groups, which received 7.0 ml of olive oil and PO daily, respectively. At baseline and 12-month, quantitative ultrasound of the right calcaneus was measured with an ultrasound bone densitometer and percentage of the Young Adult Mean (%YAM) was calculated. Serum levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b), and bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) were evaluated. In addition, PUFA levels in the erythrocyte plasma membrane (RBC-PM), serum biological antioxidant potential (BAP), and diacron reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROM) were evaluated. Compared with the placebo group, %YAM levels increased and serum TRACP-5b levels decreased significantly in the PO group at 12-month, while serum BALP levels remained unchanged. Moreover, RBC-PM LNA levels and BAP/d-ROM ratios increased significantly in the PO compared with the placebo group. These results suggest that long-term PO intake may improve age-related BMD decline by suppressing bone resorption and increasing LNA levels.

Effect of Magnetic Nanoparticles on Hormone Level Changes During Perimenopausal Period and Regulation of Bone Metabolism.

This work aimed to explore the effect of nerve magnetic stimulation based on superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticle (NP) on bone metabolism during the perimenopausal period. First, the multifunctional water-soluble polymer PTMP-PMAA was utilized as the ligand. PTMP-MAA@ Fe3O4 NP with high magnetization was prepared by the co-precipitation method, and NPX diffraction pattern analysis and in vitro stability analysis were implemented. Then, NPs were co-cultured with 293T cells, and the cytotoxicity was detected by the CCK-8 method. Subsequently, 3-month-old female young SD rats and 11~15-month-old natural menopausal SD rats were taken as the research objects. According to the vaginal smear, the rats were randomly rolled into a young control, perimenopausal period model, estrogen treatment, and osteoporosis prevention groups. Rats in the estrogen treatment group were given Premarin suspension by gavage. Rats in the osteoporosis prevention group were injected stereotaxically with PTMP-MAA@ Fe3O4 NP suspension, and a rotating magnetic field was applied to the brain for nerve magnetic stimulation. The rats were sacrificed three days after treatment and brain tissues were taken for pathological analysis. Rat humerus was weighted and dual-energy X-ray was utilized to determine bone density and bone mineral content. Serum was collected and radioimmunoassay and ELISA were employed to detect estradiol (E2), osteocalcin (Boneglaprotein, BGP), oxytocin (OT), bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), type I collagen carboxy-terminated cross-linked peptide (CTX-I), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP-5b) in the serum of rats in each group. The results showed that PTMP-MAA@ Fe3O4 NP had good biocompatibility, and the CCK-8 test results showed that PTMP-MAA@ Fe3O4 NP had low cytotoxicity. Compared with the young control group, the humeral dry weight, wet weight, bone density, and bone mineral content, serum E2, OT, and BGP content in the perimenopausal period model group were reduced, while the serum BALP, CTX-I, and TRACP -5b content was increased (P<0.05). It was verified that nerve magnetic stimulation based on PTMP-MAA@ Fe3O4 NP increased the serum estrogen level of female rats during the perimenopausal period, increased the bone density of rats, promoted bone formation, and regulated bone metabolism.

Effects of new antiseizure medication on bone metabolism and bone mineral density in children: A meta-analysis.

To explore the effect of new antiseizure medication on bone metabolism and bone mineral density in children. The Chinese and English databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP) were systematically searched for observational studies evaluating the effects of new antiseizure medication on bone metabolism and bone mineral density in children with epilepsy. The effects of new antiseizure medication on serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, bone alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D and bone mineral density in children were systematically evaluated. After systematic retrieval and screening, 12 studies with high literature quality (including 629 epileptic children and 627 control subjects) were included in the systematic evaluation. Meta-analysis showed that new antiseizure medication decreased bone mineral density (MD: -0.05, 95%CI, -0.09, -0.02; P = 0.004). From different kinds of antiseizure medication, levetiracetam can reduce blood phosphorus concentration in children (MD: -0.04; 95%CI, -0.07, -0.01). Oxcarbazepine increased serum alkaline phosphatase in children (MD:17.98; 95%CI, 10.43,25.53; P < 0.00001), and the increase intensity was significantly higher than that of levetiracetam (MD: 7.66; 95%CI, 0.29, 15.02; P = 0.04). In addition, oxcarbazepine can cause a significant increase in parathyroid hormone in children (MD: 7.52; 95%CI, 3.37,11.66; P = 0.0004), and 25 - hydroxyvitamin D was reduced, and the difference was statistically significant (MD:-2.18; 95%CI, -3.23, -1.13; P = 0.00006). However, the effects of new antiseizure medication on serum calcium and bone alkaline phosphatase in children were not statistically significant. New antiseizure medication have different effects on bone metabolism and bone mineral density in children with epilepsy, and the effects of different types of new antiseizure medication are different.

The antibiotics supplemented bone cement improved the masquelet's induced membrane in a rat femur critical size defect model

BackgroundMasquelet technique is a two-stage surgical procedure used in the treatment of critical-size bone defects (CSD). Adding antibiotics to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is still questionable to create higher quality induced membrane (IM). The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of three antibiotic-supplemented cement, fusidic acid, teicoplanin, and gentamicin, on osteogenesis and IM progression applied to rat femur CSD model by comparing histopathological, biochemical, and immunohistochemical findings. MethodsTwenty-eight male rats were divided into four groups control, gentamicin (G), teicoplanin (T), and fusidic acid (FA). A 10 mm CSD was created in rat femurs. In the postoperative 4th week, intracardiac blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis of bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), osteocalcin (OC), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels. IMs obtained in secondary operation were fixed and prepared for histopathological scoring of membrane progression and immunohistochemical evaluation of rat-specific Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-β), Runt-related Transcription Factor 2 (Runx2), and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) expressions. ResultsLevels of BALP and OC in serum didn't change among groups significantly while serum TNF-α levels significantly decreased in all antibiotic groups compared to the control group (P = 0.017). Histological scores of groups FA and T were significantly higher than those of groups Control and G (P = 0.0007). IMs of groups T and FA showed good progression while those of groups Control and G were also moderately progressed. A significant increase in TGF-β expression was observed in group G and FA (P = 0.001) while a significant increase in the expression of VEGF was observed in groups G and T compared to the control group (P = 0.036). ConclusionsThe bone cement impregnated with thermostable and safe antibiotics, gentamicin, fusidic acid, and teicoplanin can increase osteogenesis and support IM progression by increasing the expressions of TGF-β and VEGF. Anabolic effects of induced membranes used in the treatment of critical-size bone defects can be enhanced by antibiotic-supplemented PMMAs applied by altering the original technique.