Serum Biochemical Effects Research Articles

Thiamethoxam at sublethal concentrations induces histopathological, serum biochemical alterations and DNA damage in fish (Labeo rohita)

The effects of thiamethoxam neonictinoids insecticide (TMX) commonly used in different food crops and in veterinary practice were evaluated in freshwater fish exposed to sublethal concentrations for 120 h. A total of 60 freshwater fish Labeo rohita were collected from local fish rearing center and kept in different five equal groups (A–E). Fish in groups B–E were exposed to sublethal concentrations of thiamethoxam (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg/L) to determine the genotoxic potential and serum biochemical effects. Results showed significantly (p<.05) increased concentrations of urea and creatinine in thiamethoxam-treated fish as compared to untreated control fish. The concentrations of liver function tests (aspartate aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase), cardiac functions tests (cholesterol, triglycerides), and lipid peroxidation product (malondialdehyde concentrations) were significantly increased while serum total proteins and globulin significantly (p<.05) decreased in thiamethoxam exposed fish. Furthermore, blood DNA contents significantly increased in thiamethoxam treated fish. At histopathological level, fatty infiltration, congestion, disruption and degenerations of bile ducts, abnormal sinusoids, nuclear fragmentation, condensation, and eccentric nuclei were observed in liver of thiamethoxam treated fish. Histological observation of kidneys of treated fish showed edema, degeneration of renal tubules, congestion, necrosis of renal tubular cells, glomerular degeneration, and detachment of tubular epithelium. DNA damage by comet assay was significantly increased in hepatocytes, kidneys, and blood cells. In conclusion, the results of our study indicate that thiamethoxam induces blood biochemical, genotoxic, and histopathological alterations in exposed fish.

Impact of blood storage duration on hematologic, blood gas, biochemical, and oxidative stress variables in sheep undergoing allogeneic blood transfusions.

Hemotherapy in ruminants is limited to whole blood transfusions, sometimes with stored blood for up to 42days, but little attention has been given to the effect of blood storage times and recipient responses after transfusions. We aimed to evaluate the hematologic and serum biochemical effects after allogeneic blood transfusion with either fresh or stored blood in sheep. We also sought to examine hematologic and biochemical analyte changes in the store blood. Eighteen sheep underwent a single phlebotomy to remove 40% of their blood volume. The sheep were divided into three experimental groups, G0, G15, and G35, which included six animals, each receiving 20mL/kg of either fresh blood or blood stored in citrate, phosphate, dextrose, and adenine (CPDA-1) bags for 15 and 35days, respectively. Biochemical, hematologic, coagulation, blood gas, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress test evaluations were performed using the blood samples gathered at T0 (before transfusion), 30minutes (T30m), 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96hours (T6h-T96h), 8days (T8d), and 16days (T16d) after transfusions. Sheep exhibited increases in packed cell volumes, red blood cell counts, and total hemoglobin concentrations at T30m (P<.05). G35 animals had greater plasma hemoglobin concentrations at T12h and decreased blood pH values at T6h, characterized by slight metabolic acidemia. Regarding oxidative stress, G35 animals had decreased catalase activities from T0 at T30m, T6h, T12h, and T24h, indicating that hemolysis had occurred, which was supported by concomitant increases in bilirubin. Sheep transfused with 35-day stored blood exhibited greater hematologic, blood gas, biochemical, and oxidative alterations; however, anemic animals without comorbidities effectively reversed those alterations.

Evaluation of fucoidan from Sargassum duplicatum on performance immune responses, serum biochemical, and hematological testing in rats

This study investigates the hematological and serum biochemical effects of the fucoidan to ascertain the safety of fucoidan from Sargassum duplicatum. Fucoidan from S. duplicatum was extracted using water as a solvent and precipitated with calcium chloride. The parameters of the fucoidan quality test included water content, total carbohydrate, total sulfate, moisture content, and uronic acid. The extract was used for in vivo immunostimulant test using Sprague Dawley rats for 14 days with four treatments. The experimental rats were fed with fucoidan solvent as a control (P0) and fucoidan for the treatment at a dose of 1 (P1), 2 (P2), and 4 g/kg body weight (BW) (P3). Serum biochemical and hematological test parameters included liver function [(serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase () and glutamic-oxoloacetic transaminase ()]), kidney function, red blood counts, and white blood differentials. The results of the chemical composition of fucoidan show that it contains uronic acid of 0.28%, sulfate of 11.2%, moisture content of 8.25%, and total polysaccharide of 60.5% ± 4.5%. Immunostimulant activity results showed an increase in macrophage activity in the fucoidan-treated rats but did not affect kidney function. In vivo immunostimulant test results in white rats show that giving fucoidan 1 g/kg BW can increase the immune system two times higher.

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DNA damage and hematological changes in Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to oxadiazon

This study was carried out to investigate the genotoxic, and hematological and serum biochemical effects of a widely used herbicide, oxadiazon in common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) fingerling. Fish were exposed to different concentrations (0, 1, 1.5 and 2 ppm) of the herbicide for 30 days. Blood samples were collected, then comet assay in circulating erythrocyte cells was applied. Erythrocytes cells of fish exposed to 1, 1.5 and 2 ppm of oxadiazon showed DNA damage (21.3%, 22.9%, and 28.4%, respectively) significantly higher than the control group. Moreover, exposure to oxadiazon significantly decreased WBC, RBC, Hb, Hct as well as serum albumin, glucose, and total protein levels, while serum ALP was significantly increased in the exposed fish groups. No significant differences were found in MCV, MCHC and MCH levels between oxadiazon treatments and control groups. In conclusion, this study shows that oxadiazon is highly toxic to C. carpio and causes significant changes in hematological and biochemical parameters as well as indicates the mutagenic potential of oxadiazon in the erythrocyte cells of this fish.

ハタケシメジ抽出物が哺乳子牛の成長および血液学的検査値に与える影響

ハタケシメジ抽出物がホルスタイン種哺乳子牛の成長および血液学的検査値に与える影響について検討した．試験群は，ハタケシメジ抽出物投与群（雌，n=5）と対照群（雌，n=5）とし，投与群には朝晩の哺乳時にハタケシメジ抽出物（160mg）3カプセルを投与した．試験期間は，出生から8週間とした．試験期間中，投与群と対照群との間で増体に差が認められず，投与群の血液学的および血清生化学検査値は対照群と同様の変化を示した．このことから，ハタケシメジ抽出物は，哺乳子牛の健康状態，増体および血液学的値に悪影響を及ぼさないと考えられた．

Clinical, cardiopulmonary, hematological and serum biochemical effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia in oxygen under spontaneous breathing in sheep

Effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia in oxygen on clinical, cardiopulmonary, hematological, and serum biochemical findings were compared in sheep breathing spontaneously undergoing minor surgical operations during short-term (60–80 min) or long-term (3–4 h) anesthesia. All sheep were premedicated with atropine sulfate (0.1 mg/kg) intramuscularly, and 10 min later, induced to anesthesia by intravenous infusion of sodium thiopental (mean 14.1 ± 3.4 S.D. mg/kg). After intubation, they were anesthetized with either isoflurane or sevoflurane in oxygen at a total gas flow rate of 1.5 l/min. The results revealed that recovery time with sevoflurane was more rapid than with isoflurane. Respiration rates, tidal volume, minute ventilation and heart rates during sevoflurane anesthesia were similar to those during isoflurane anesthesia. The degree of respiratory acidosis during sevoflurane anesthesia was also similar to that during isoflurane anesthesia. There were no significant differences between sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia in hematological and serum biochemical values.

Hematologic and serum biochemical effects of long-term administration of anti-inflammatory doses of prednisone in dogs

Summary Results of routine hematologic and serum biochemical analyses from 12 healthy adult male dogs that were given prednisone (0.55 mg/kg of body weight, po, q 12 h) for 35 days were compared with those of a control group of 6 dogs that were given gelatin capsules. Analyses were performed at 2-week intervals during and after prednisone administration. Lymphocyte and eosinophil counts were significantly (P &lt; 0.005) decreased after 2 and 4 weeks of prednisone treatment, compared with controls. Two weeks after treatment, eosinophil counts in prednisone-treated dogs were similar to those of control dogs, whereas lymphocyte counts remained low 4 weeks after treatment in treated dogs (1,869 ± 145 cells/μl), compared with that in control dogs (3,662 ± 548 cells/μl). Neutrophil and monocyte counts did not significantly change during glucocorticoid administration. Mean platelet volume significantly (P &lt; 0.001) decreased after 4 weeks of prednisone treatment, but returned to pretreatment values by 2 weeks after treatment. Four weeks of prednisone treatment did not cause significant increased activity in serum alanine transaminase, total alkaline phosphatase or the steroid-induced isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase. Significant increases in serum albumin (P &lt; 0.001) and total protein (P &lt; 0.05) concentrations were detected after 4 weeks of treatment, but mean values were not significantly different from those of controls 2 weeks after treatment ended. Results of our study indicate that eosinophil and lymphocyte counts are the most sensitive indicators of long-term glucocorticoid administration at anti-inflammatory dosages of 1.1 mg/kg daily.

Hematological and serum biochemical effects of nursing on the mother in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)

The effects of nursing on maternal hematological and serum biochemical values were analyzed in cynomolgus monkeys reared in indoor cages at Tsukuba Primate Center. In our breeding system, infants are usually separated from their mothers at the age of 121 to 180 days. Mother monkeys of such infants were studied hematologically and biochemically (Group B), as were mother monkeys who happened to have nursed their infants past 181 days after parturition (Group A). During the period with their infants, mother monkeys in the latter group showed lower white blood cell counts (WBC) and higher red blood cell counts (RBC), hematocrit values (Ht) and blood urea nitrogen concentrations (BUN) than the mother monkeys who had been separated from their infants. Also, serum calcium concentrations (Ca) were decreased with prolonged nursing periods, indicating that lactation by the mother monkey probably continues even for a period from 181 days to about one year after parturition if she nurses her infant. Lactation during this period may accelerate hematogenesis and protein metabolism in the mother monkey.

Respiratory, renal, hematologic, and serum biochemical effects of hypertonic saline solution in endotoxemic calves

Summary The respiratory, renal, hematologic, and serum biochemical effects of hypertonic saline solution (hss) treatment were examined in 12 endotoxic, pentobarbitalanesthetized calves (8 to 20 days old). Escherichia coli endotoxin (055:B5) was infused iv at a rate of 0.1 μg/kg of body weight over 30 minutes. Endotoxin induced severe respiratory effects, with marked hypoxemia and increases in arterial-alveolar O2 gradient (P[A —a]O2), physiologic shunt fraction (Qs/Qt), and physiologic dead space to tidal volume ratio (Vd/Vt). Oxygen consumption was decreased, despite an increase in the systemic O2 extraction ratio. Peak effects were observed at the end of endotoxin infusion. The renal response to endotoxemia was characterized by a decrease in free-water reabsorption and osmotic clearance, as well as a decrease in sodium and phosphorus excretion. Endotoxemia induced leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hyperphosphatemia, hypoglycemia, acidemia, and increased serum alkaline phosphatase concentrations. Calves were treated with hss (2,400 mosm/L of NaCl, 4 ml/kg, n = 4) or an equivalent sodium load of isotonic saline solution (iss; 300 mosm/L of NaCl, 32 ml/kg, n = 4) 90 minutes after the end of endotoxin administration. Both solutions were infused over a 4- to 6-minute period. A control group (n = 4&gt; was not treated. Infusion of hss or iss failed to induce a significant change in Pao2, P(A-a)o2, (Qs/Qt), (Vd/Vt), or oxygen consumption. Both solutions increased systemic oxygen delivery to above preendotoxin values. Hypertonic saline infusion induced significant (P &lt; 0.05) increases in serum Na and Cl concentrations and osmolality, whereas iss induced a significant increase in serum Cl concentration and a significant decrease in serum phosphorus concentration. Both hss and iss reversed the endotoxin-induced changes in renal function, with increases in free water reabsorption and osmotic clearance, as well as increases in sodium and phosphorus excretion. Sodium retention was greater following hss administration. On the basis of these findings, hypertonic saline solutions can be rapidly and safely administered to endotoxic calves.