Seroprevalence Of Cytomegalovirus Antibodies Research Articles

Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus antibodies among aborted women in Ibb city-Yemen

Abortion is one of the most common health problems in the world, its causes vary, and some of them are viral. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the causes of abortion. So, this study aims to investigate the seroprevalence of CMV antibodies among aborted women. This study was a cross-sectional study conducted in Ibb city-Yemen. Serum samples were collected between September 2021 to April 2022. The serum samples were analyzed for IgG and IgM antibodies to CMV by Electro-Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (ECLIA). Overall, 150 aborted women were enrolled. Amongst these cases, 148 out of 150 (98.67%) were positive for CMV IgG antibodies. Additionally, 11 out of 150 (7.33%) of the samples were positive for CMV IgM antibodies. The CMV IgG seroprevalence was not significantly influenced by age, residence, education level, socioeconomic status and abortion time. In addition, the CMV IgM seroprevalence was significantly associated with education level, socioeconomic status and abortion time. In conclusion, the low rate of CMV IgM and a high proportion of CMV IgG for most major of abortion women in this study suggest that CMV may not be the common factor leading to abortion.

Detection of Cytomegalovirus Antibodies in the Serum of Hemodialysis Patients.

The infection with Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. This study aims to investigate CMV serostatus in renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis. The study included a total of 134 cases (55 females and 79 males) with an age range of 35 - 68 years (mean age 37.43 ± 13.42 years). HCMV-IgG and IgM were determined in subjects' sera. Eighty-seven out of 134 (65%) were undergoing hemodialysis, while 47 (35%) had normal kidney functions without HCV infection. Sixty-eight (78.2%) and 31 (35.6%) cases out 87 hemodialysis patients were positive for CMV-IgG and IgM antibodies, respectively. No significant differences were noted between females and males in terms of seroprevalence rates. High rate of positive CMV-IgG was observed among hemodialysis patients who were 48 - 64 years old. Our data suggest that seroprevalence of CMV antibodies among hemodialysis cases is high and causes complications for these patients.

Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus Antibodies Among COVID-19 Patients

One of the biggest infectious diseases for humans in modern history is the COVID-19 pandemic. The disease mechanisms of human viral infections have been modified by virus-virus interaction. This study was carried out to detect the seroprevalence of CMV in COVID-19 patients. A total of 105 cases (58 females and 47 males) with an age range of 17-65 years (mean age 39.52±11.02 years) were included in this study. HCMV-IgG and IgM were determined in subjects' cases. Sixty-five out of 105 (62%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2, while 40 (38%) had negative SARS-CoV-2. Forty-seven (72.3%) and 11 (16.9%) cases out of 65 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients were positive for CMV-IgG and IgM antibodies, respectively. No significant differences were noted between females and males in terms of seroprevalence rates. A high rate of positive CMV-IgG was observed among 40-64 years COVID-19 patients. It is concluded that the seroprevalence of CMV antibodies amongst COVID-19 cases is high in relation to findings in cases without SARSCoV-2.

Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus Antibodies in a Group of Bangladeshi Women in Child-Bearing Age: A Pilot Study

Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus Antibodies in a Group of Bangladeshi Women in Child-Bearing Age: A Pilot Study

Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus Antibodies by Electrochemiluminescence Method in Young Women Referred to the Clinical Laboratory, Sanandaj, Iran

Background and aims: Maternal primary and recurrent infection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) may be transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and may have complications such as death or growth, along with the development retardation of the fetus and infant. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies against CMV in young women, Sanandaj, Iran. Methods: To this end, 90 women (15-40 years old) referring to a clinical laboratory were randomly selected and announced their informed consent to participate in this cross-sectional study. Demographic information and women’s data were collected, including pregnancy, history of abortion, and history of blood transfusion. Then, women’s sera were measured for CMV IgG and IgM antibodies using the electrochemiluminescence technique. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software. Results: The prevalence of IgG and IgM antibodies against CMV in women was 92.2% (95% CI = 86.5-97.8) and 0%, respectively. In addition, the average CMV IgG antibody level was about 137.52 ± 85.215 SD IU/mL. The results revealed a significant statistical association between IgG antibody and pregnancy (P value = 0.012) while there was no association between CMV IgG antibody and other demographic data. Conclusions: In general, high percentages of women had CMV IgG antibody whereas 7.8% of them were susceptible. They are expected to acquire CMV primary infection, and therefore, the screening of antibodies to CMV is suggested for prenatal care.

Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus antibodies among pregnant women in Pleven region, Bulgaria

Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus antibodies among pregnant women in Pleven region, Bulgaria

Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus Antibodies and Primary Infection among Women and Infants in Iran: A Meta-Analysis

Background: Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus infection varies between 40% and 100% worldwide. Different studies carried out in Iran indicate this variation in this country. It is important to estimate the total infection prevalence using a reliable method such as meta- analysis in order to be applied by policymakers. This study aims to estimate the IgG and IgM seroprevalences of CMV infection among Iranian women and neonates. Method: We selected eligible articles for final meta- analysis by searching the national and international databases, excluding duplicates and irrelevant papers from primarily identified studies after abstract/full text review, implementing exclusion/inclusion criteria and quality assessment. Standard error of the prevalence was calculated according to binomial distribution formula. Based on the degree of heterogeneity, fixed or random effects models were applied for estimating the pooled prevalences. Results: In this study, 16 papers providing 20 evidences of CMV prevalence in Iran entered in the meta- analysis. CMV IgG and IgM seroprevalences as well as primary infection rate (95% confidence interval) among pregnant women were 92.8% (90.6 - 94.9), 6.4% (2.8 - 9.9) and 1.1% (0.7 - 1.5) respectively. CMV IgM seroprevalence among neonates were 0.6% (0.09 - 1.2), while CMV IgG and CMV IgM seroprevalences among non-pregnant women were 78.4% (70 - 86.8) and 4.6% (1.5 - 7.6) respectively. Conclusions: This meta- analysis showed that the prevalence of CMV infection among studied population is relatively high. Therefore, mortality, complications, anomalies and injuries among fetuses, neonates and immunocompromized patients can be partially related to the CMV infection.

Seroepidemiology of cytomegalovirus antibodies in Hiv-positive and Hiv-negative adults in Nigeria

Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common viral opportunistic infection in HIV/AIDS reported in the Western literature. There is a paucity of reports on the seroprevalence of CMV antibodies in Nigeria despite the high HIV burden. Few studies were carried out in pregnant women and healthy blood donors. This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted to describe the seroepidemiology of CMV antibodies in HIV-positive and healthy adults in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Between August 2012 and March 2013, a structured questionnaire was administered to 250 HIV-positive patients attending the HIV clinic and 250 HIV-negative controls matched for age and gender. Participants were screened for quantitative CMV immunoglobulin G (IgG) and qualitative CMV immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Information was collected on sociodemographic characteristics, risk for HIV infection, and anthropometric measurements. Data were analyzed with SPSS Version 17. Results: A total of 500 participants were recruited. Females comprised 54%. Median age for males was 39 years (range 17-65 years), whereas for females, it was 35 years (range 16-62 years) (P = 0.002). In HIV-positive patients, CMV IgG and IgM antibodies were detected in 215 (86%) and 33 (13.2%), respectively, but in HIV-negative controls, it was 182 (72.8%) and 7 (2.8%), respectively (P = 0.001). In HIV-positive patients, CMV IgG age-specific seroprevalence was highest in the 16-25 years age group (93.5%), whereas CMV IgM, it was highest in the 26-35 years age group (16.1%). Mean quantitative CMV IgG antibody titer was higher in HIV-positive patients (P = 0.001). There was no gender difference between groups. Conclusion: Seroprevalence of CMV antibodies is high in Nigeria. HIV preventive strategies and routine screening of HIV patients and blood donors for CMV antibodies before blood transfusion are recommended to minimize the potential risk of transfusion transmitted CMV infection.

Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus Antibodies in Pregnant Women, Benue State, Nigeria

Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a member of the herpes family, belongs to a group of vertically transmitted infections referred to as the TORCH complex including: Toxoplasmosis, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus and Herpes Simplex. Known to be frequently transmitted to developing foetus, it remains one of the leading causes of congenital viral infections. Although the infection has been detected in Nigerian neonates, its awareness is limited particularly in a growing metropolitan city like Makurdi, Nigeria. In this study, the prevalence of CMV antibodies and their association with some socio-demographic factors in pregnant women was evaluated. Pregnant women (N=375; age range=15 to 50 years) attending ante-natal clinic in different hospitals in Makurdi were screened for the infection. Five-ml venous blood was collected from each participant for serological studies, and structured questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic data. Serum samples were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The overall prevalence of anti-CMV IgG-antibodies was 93.3% (n=350) and was 3.5% (n=13) for anti- CMV IgM-antibodies. Prevalence of anti-CMV IgG and IgM antibodies was significantly associated with gravidity (PIgG=0.012; PIgM=0.001), while prevalence of anti-CMV IgM only was associated with marital status (P=0.035). The prevalence of anti-CMV IgG antibodies was highest (100%) in older pregnant women aged 41-50 years, but was lowest (85.0%) in younger ones aged 15-20 years. Risk factors for the disease such as history of blood transfusion, scarification, and multiple sexual partners were important, even though not statistically significant (P>0.05). Women of child-bearing age in the growing metropolitan city of Makurdi, Nigeria need to be educated on precautionary measures that will prevent cytomegalovirus infection.

Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus among blood donors in local population

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is more common in developing countries and considered as the major cause of morbidity and mortality among neonates, immune compromised individuals especially in organ transplant recipient and other immunosuppressive drug users. Blood transfusion is a major source of infection in such individuals. This study was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of CMV antibodies among healthy blood donors of different age groups in local population of Islamabad. Total 175 serum samples were taken from completely healthy male donors and all were tested negative for HBsAg, HIV 1/2 antibody, HCV antibody, Malaria and Syphilis. These samples were analyzed for anti-IgM CMV and anti-IgG CMV using the ELISA technique. From 175 samples, 3.4% tested were positive for CMV IgM antibody and 96.5% were positive for CMV IgG antibody. None of the donor was positive for both IgG and IgM antibodies. There was no statistically significant difference in seropositivity of CMV IgG based on distribution of age. As about 96.5% of blood donors were seropositive for CMV, it should be mandatory in blood banks to screen donors blood for CMV. Furthermore there is need to maintain record of CMV negative blood bags and also of CMV negative blood donors and these should only be transfused to immunocompromised patients and to neonate to avoid complications of CMV.

Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus antibodies among blood donors and Multitransfused recipients – A study from north India

Primary Cytomegalovirus infection caused by transfusion is a major problem for immunocompromised CMV seronegative patients. Documentation of the status of antibodies to cytomegalovirus in the blood donor pool population is vital to the understanding of the potential likelihood of transmission through donor blood and for determining the best transfusion practices to prevent TT-CMV infection. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of CMV infection among blood donors and Multitransfused recipients of north Indian population. A prospective study was done on 2100 donors' samples and 200 patients sample for CMV antibodies using the ELISA technique. Out of 2100 donors recruited, 93.8% males and 6.2% females. 98.6% were positive for anti CMV IgG antibodies and only one donor was positive for anti CMV IgM antibody. In Multitransfused patients, out of 200 patients, seroprevalence for anti CMV IgG antibodies was in 100% patients and only one patient was positive for anti CMV IgM antibody. The study did not demonstrate statistical significant influence of age and gender on prevalence of anti CMV IgG and IgM antibodies. Other preventive strategies such as universal leucodepletion may be implemented to prevent transmission of CMV in immunocompromised patients.

Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus Antibodies among pregnant women and it’s correlation with spontaneous abortion in Khartoum state

Background : Cytomegalovirus is a common virus that infects most people at some time during their lives. It becomes dormant for a while and may reactivate later. In pregnant women, intrauterine infection may be associated with congenital abnormalities, intrauterine growth retardation and intrauterine death of the fetus as well as late sequelae such as developmental delay, blindness and congenital deafness. Objectives : The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of CMV infection among women presenting with spontaneous abortion to major hospitals in Khartoum State and to find out the correlation between CMV infection and spontaneous abortion in the group under study. Methodology : In this study a total of 180 spontaneously aborted females, and 80 normally delivered females (control) were included. Three mls of venous blood were collected from each subject under study in a plain container allowed to clot and after clot retraction centrifuged at 4000rpm. The sera were then separated and stored at -20c0 in a deep freezer. The stored sera were tested for CMV IgG and IgM antibodies using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (BIOTECH –ENGLAND). Results : In the case group, 176 (97.8%) women were positive for Anti-CMV IgG and 69 (38.3%) for Anti-CMV IgM. The CMV antibodies significantly co related with increasing age (P-value = -0.0185), the number of abortion (P-value = -0.0177) and congenital malformation in children (P value= 0.037). Conclusion : Seroprevalence of CMV antibodies was found to be 97.8% and 38.3% for IgG & IgM respectively. There was significant association between CMV infection and frequency of abortion, age and congenital malformation in children. Key words : CMV, seroprevalnce, pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, Sudan

Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus antibodies amongst normal pregnant women in Nigeria.

ObjectiveCytomegalovirus (CMV), a ubiquitous virus belonging to the herpes family, is known to be transmitted frequently to developing fetuses in pregnancy. In an immunocompromised state like pregnancy, primary infection through blood transfusion or reactivation of a latent CMV infection can cause severe illness. The study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody to cytomegalovirus amongst pregnant women in correlation with previous exposure to blood transfusion.MethodsA cross sectional study was carried out amongst 179 HIV negative pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), Ikeja, Nigeria. Five mL of blood was collected and stored in a plain bottle, centrifuged on the same day and the serum stored at −20°C. All samples were screened for anti-CMV IgG antibodies using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Consenting participants were instructed to fill a semi-structured questionnaire to obtain demographic and other related information. Statistical analysis of the results was done using Pearson’s chi squared test for analytical assessment.ResultsA total of 97.2% of the pregnant women recruited for this study were anti-CMV IgG positive. Out of the 179 recruited for the study 174 responded to the question on previous history of blood transfusion, 14.9% of the respondents (26 of 174) had a previous history of blood transfusion and all tested positive to the anti-CMVIgG antibody. However, past history of blood transfusion and educational level were found to be insignificant to the risk of acquiring CMV infection.ConclusionThe seroprevalence of the CMV antibody amongst pregnant women in this environment is high in relation to findings in other developing countries. There is the need to assess anti-CMV immunoglobulin M antibodies in pregnant women, which is a determinant of active infection.

Sero-Prevalence of Cytomegalo Virus Antibodies in Pregnant Women Attending Two Selected Hospitals in Sokoto State, North-Western Nigeria

Infection with cytomegalo virus (CMV), especially in pregnancy may cause pregnancy complications such as congenital infection, non-hereditary deafness, intrauterine growth restriction and other high defects. This study was to evaluate the prevalence of CMV in pregnant women attending Antenatal Clinics at Maryam Abacha Women and Children Hospital (MAWCH) and Sokoto Specialist Hospital (SSH). The study enrolled 90 pregnant women (age range: 16-45 years old) and data on demographic and life styles obtained using structured questionnaire. Serum samples were assayed using CMV Ig-G EIA kit. Out of the 90 pregnant women examined, 88(97.8%) had IgG protective antibodies to CMV while 2(2.2%) did not have protective antibodies. The prevalence rate of 2.20% was obtained in pregnant women that did not have the protective CMV IgG antibodies and were in the age range of 16-30 years old. They were also found to be in their second trimester, which could have increased the risk of intrauterine transmission. The risk factors for CMV were observed to have been significantly (P > 0.05) correlated with the socioeconomic status, the levels of CMV Ig-G antibodies, stage of pregnancy as well as the symptoms of pregnancy complications observed in the study population while they were insignificant (P Keywords: Cytomegalo virus, Pregnant women, sero-prevalence, Sokoto.

Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus antibodies in blood donors in southern, Brazil

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a matter of concern for blood bank professionals and blood transfusion recipients, especially in cases of transfusions to neonates and immunocompromised patients. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of CMV IgG and IgM antibodies among blood donors in the city of Lages, in the mountain region of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, and to investigate possible associations between the socioeconomic characteristics of donors and CMV serological status. A seroepidemiological cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,045 blood samples from donors that were used in serological screening over a one-year investigation. All the analyses were conducted using the microparticle enzyme immunoassay with Biokit(R) reagents (Barcelona, Spain), in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Anti-CMV IgG seroprevalence in the sample studied was 96.4% (95% CI: 95.23 - 97.50) and that of anti-CMV IgM was 2.3% (95% CI: 1.39 - 3.20). There were no statistically significant associations between the presence of antibodies and the socioeconomic characteristics of donors. The blood donors in the study region had high seroprevalence of anti-CMV IgG. Thus, blood component screening strategies and careful indication for blood transfusions require special attention among healthcare professionals as part of the actions for prevention and reduction of primary infections caused by CMV.

The Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus Antibodies among Prospective Blood Donors in Jos

Human cytomegalovirus, otherwise called human herpes virus type 5, is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnancy, and among immunocompromised patients like recipients of organ transplants. Cytomegalovirus is transmissible via blood transfusion, among other parenteral routes. This study therefore aims at establishing the seroprevalence of CMV antibodies among prospective blood donors in Jos. This is with a view to making recommendations on donor screening and transfusion protocols among susceptible patients. A total of 200 prospective blood donors were recruited into the study. Screening for CMV antibodies was done using ELISA kit, manufactured by "DIALAB", Austria (www.dialb.at). Of the 200 prospective blood donors analysed, 184 donors were found to be positive for cytomegalovirus antibodies, representing a prevalence rate of 92%. The peak age prevalence was in the 25-29 years age range, representing 30.4%. Cytomegalovirus prevalence was lowest in the 15-19 years age range and above 50 years (1.6% each). A cytomegalovirus antibody prevalence rate of 92% indicates that screening for CMV should be included in screening algorithm for potentially susceptible recipients of blood and its products. Non infected susceptible persons should be transfused CMV negative orleucocyte depleted blood and blood products.

Seroprevalence of CMV antibodies in a blood donor population and premature neonates in the south-central Taiwan.

Infection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) via contaminated blood may endanger immunocompromised patients that require transfusion therapy. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of CMV antibodies in the blood donor population in Southern-central Taiwan. A total of 1800 consecutive sera, obtained from Tainan Blood Center of Chinese Blood Services Foundation (CBSF), were tested for CMV antibodies by two commercial enzyme immunoassays (EIAs). Of the sera tested, 150 (8.3%) were found to be CMV seronegative. The frequency of CMV seropositivity revealed no significant difference between male and female donors. The frequency of CMV seronegativity showed a stepwise decrease with the increase of donor age. In addition, the prevalence of HBsAg, antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), antibodies to human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 and 2 (anti-HIV 1 + 2) and antibodies to human T-cell lymphotropic viruses type I and II (anti-HTLV I/II) were compared between CMV seropositive and seronegative groups. Our results showed that there was no significant difference in seroprevalence of these markers between CMV seropositive and seronegative groups. Our findings also showed that six out of twenty (30.0%) premature neonates were CMV-seropositive. These premature specimens and those EIA discrepancy samples were confirmed by specific nucleic acid amplification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Our results suggest that a program which aims to supply CMV seronegative blood or blood components to the patients, should not solely depend on current antibody screening methods in an area where CMV infection is highly endemic. Amendments such as PCR testing, leukocyte reduction by filtration before transfusion may be more practical.

Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus antibodies among blood donors in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria

Introduction: Transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) may potentially lead to serious harm to recipients of blood transfusion. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can be transmitted through blood transfusion, and its impact is the most severe among immunocompromised recipients. Its transmission can be reduced through screening of blood donors, blood and blood products for CMV antibodies, leuco-depletion or pathogen inactivation. Objective: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 250 blood donors between October and December 2012 in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. To determine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) I and II antibodies, HBsAg, hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies, syphilis and anti-CMV IgM and IgG antibodies. In addition, the type of donation and donation patterns were also assessed. Materials and Methods: Five milliliters were collected from the participants. One milliliter was dispensed into ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) container and mixed gently, the remaining 4 ml were dispensed into a plain bottle and was centrifuged; serum obtained was divided into two one was stored at − 20°C which was later used to test for the anti-CMV IgG/IgM antibodies, whereas the other portion was used for routine screening of TTIs. The EDTA sample was used to assess haemoglobin concentration. An interviewer administered simplified questionnaire was used to obtain information on demographic and other variables related to donation habits. Association between the socio-demographic characteristics of the blood donors and the anti-CMV antibodies was analysed. Similarly, association between the anti-CMV antibodies and the other routinely screened TTIs was assessed. Results were tested for evidence of statistical association. Results: Majority of the blood donors were males 242 (96.8%). One hundred and seven (42.6%) of the blood donors were within the age group of 25–34 years. Only 10.8% of the donors were voluntary donors whereas the remaining were family replacement donors. Prevalence rates of 100% and 4.4% were found for anti-CMV IgG and anti-CMV IgM antibodies, respectively. HBsAg, HIV I/II, anti-HCV antibodies and syphilis were prevalent in 6.8%, 1.2%, 0.8% and 0% of the donors, respectively. Conclusion: Seroprevalence of anti-CMV IgG and anti-CMV IgM antibodies among blood donors in this study was found to be 100% and 4.4%, respectively. Therefore, routine predonation screening for anti-CMV antibodies may not be cost effective. Leucocyte depletion and pathogen inactivation methods are better options. However, these can better be achieved when centralized system of blood transfusion is adopted. Therefore, there is a need to enhance the functional capacity of our national blood transfusion service.