Seroprevalence Of Chikungunya Virus Infection Research Articles

High seroprevalence of IgM antibodies against chikungunya among patients with acute febrile illness seeking healthcare in a malaria-endemic area in the Afar Region, Northeast Ethiopia.

Chikungunya is a disease caused by Aedes mosquito-borne chikungunya virus infection. This disease is becoming one of the emerging/re-emerging viral diseases in tropical and subtropical countries but is neglected by public health systems. This study assessed the seroprevalence of chikungunya virus infection among patients with acute febrile illness seeking healthcare in a malaria-endemic area in the Afar Region, Northeast Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study was employed from September 2022 to March 2023 to assess the seroprevalence of chikungunya virus infection among malaria-suspected febrile patients attending health institutes in the Afar Region. Sociodemographic, clinical features, and venous blood were collected from each study participant. Blood films were prepared and examined for plasmodium infection using microscopy. Sera were separated and screened for anti-chikungunya virus IgM and IgG antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were entered into Epi Data 3.1 and analyzed using Stata/SE 14.2. In this study, 368 malaria-suspected febrile patients (55.4% female, aged 5-80 years old, mean ± SD = 27.28 ± 14.0) participated. The prevalence of anti-chikungunya virus IgM antibodies, indicating acute infection, was 47.8%, while the prevalence of IgG antibodies, indicating previous exposure, was 6.3%. Nonmarried participants were found to be more likely to have acute chikungunya virus infection (AOR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.141-4.964), and back pain was associated with higher likelihood of acute infection (AOR = 1.785; 95% CI: 1.078-2.954). About 10.6% of the participants tested positive for Plasmodium parasite infection, with P. falciparum (84.6%) being the most common, followed by P. vivax (10.3%) and mixed (5.1%) infections. The study revealed a high seroprevalence of acute chikungunya virus infection among febrile patients in the Afar Region, highlighting the importance of regular screening for arbovirus infection in febrile patients to control and mitigate chikungunya spread.

Seroprevalence of Chikungunya virus infection in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Warangal, Telangana, South India

Introduction:
 The Chikungunya virus, an Alpha virus belongs to the Togaviridae family which infects via the vector Aedes spp. mosquitoes, is the cause of the Chikungunya sickness. The most prevalent symptoms are an abruptly rising temperature, rash, and acute arthralgia. Similar to other arboviral diseases such as Dengue and Japanese B encephalitis infections, it is a serious public health issue.
 Methods: A total of 3027 blood samples were received from suspected cases of Chikungunya in the Tertiary Care Hospital, Warangal, Telangana. Over a period of 17 months, this study was conducted. Nearly 5-10ml of blood was collected from the patients after 5 days of fever, and the serum was separated. Using an IgM antibody capture ELISA kit manufactured by NIV (NIV, Pune, India).
 Results: In our study population of 3027 during 12 months, 313 Chikungunya cases (10.34%) were found to be seropositive for Chikungunya by IgM ELISA. Most cases were from 0-10 Years (24.60%), followed by 11-20 years (17.25%). Regarding the sex ratio of the total affected cases, 53.35% were males, and 46.64% were females. A maximum number of positives were seen in September, November, and October, which were found to be 35.46%, 18.84%, and 17.57%.
 Conclusion: The study found a seroprevalence rate of 23.06% for Chikungunya, with a notable increase in frequency during the monsoon season. Additionally, the virus was found to disproportionately affect individuals in the productive age range of the population.

Seroprevalence of Chikungunya Virus Infection in an Urban Slum Population of Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Chikungunya virus is common in Bangladesh. Objective: The aim of the study was to estimate the post-outbreak seroprevalence of chikungunya virus infection in a Bangladeshi urban slum population. Methodology: From April to May 2018, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Bauniabadh, an underprivileged slum area in Mirpur Thana (subdistrict), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Randomly selected residents of this area were interviewed and screened for chikungunya IgM and IgG antibodies in sera using the immunochromatographic process. Results: Randomly selected 403 residents were recruited of which 200 cases were male and 203 cases were female. Chikungunya seroprevalence was 4.7% cases with males being more vulnerable than females (6.5% vs. 3.0% ). People over the age of 60 years were found to be infected at a higher rate (7.2%) than people between the ages of 18 and 59 years (5.5%) and those in the pediatric age group (1%). During the outbreak, 22% of patients with joint pain and 17% with fever were diagnosed as having chikungunya. Conclusion Urban slum people, especially the elderly, are affected by chikungunya outbreak in Bangladesh characterized by fever and joint pain. Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research, January 2022;9(1):3-8

Seroprevalence of chikungunya virus infection among HIV-infected adults in French Caribbean Islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe in 2015: A cross-sectional study.

BackgroundIn 2014, a first outbreak of chikungunya hit the Caribbean area where chikungunya virus (CHIKV) had never circulated before.Methodology/Principal findingsWe conducted a cross-sectional study to measure the seroprevalence of CHIKV immediately after the end of the 2014 outbreak in HIV-infected people followed up in two clinical cohorts at the University hospitals of Guadeloupe and Martinique. Study patients were identified during the first months of 2015 and randomly selected to match the age and sex distribution of the general population in the two islands. They were invited to complete a survey that explored the symptoms consistent with chikungunya they could have developed during 2014 and to have a blood sample drawn for CHIKV serology.The study population consisted of 377 patients (198 in Martinique and 179 in Guadeloupe, 178 men and 199 women), 182 of whom reported they had developed symptoms consistent with chikungunya. CHIKV serology was positive in 230 patients, which accounted for an overall seroprevalence rate of 61% [95%CI 56–66], with only 153 patients who reported symptoms consistent with chikungunya. Most frequent symptoms included arthralgia (94.1%), fever (73.2%), myalgia (53.6%), headache (45.8%), and skin rash (26.1%).Conclusions/SignificanceThis study showed that the seroprevalence of CHIKV infection was 61% after the 2014 outbreak, with one third of asymptomatic infections.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT 02553369.

Seroprevalence of chikungunya virus infection in India, 2017: a cross-sectional population-based serosurvey

Since its re-emergence in 2005, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) transmission has been documented in most Indian states. Information is scarce regarding the seroprevalence of CHIKV in India. We aimed to estimate the age-specific seroprevalence, force of infection (FOI), and proportion of the population susceptible to CHIKV infection. We did a nationally representative, cross-sectional serosurvey, in which we randomly selected individuals in three age groups (5-8, 9-17, and 18-45 years), covering 240 clusters from 60 selected districts of 15 Indian states spread across all five geographical regions of India (north, northeast, east, south, and west). Age was the only inclusion criterion. We tested serum samples for IgG antibodies against CHIKV. We estimated the weighted age-group-specific seroprevalence of CHIKV infection for each region using the design weight (ie, the inverse of the overall probability of selection of state, district, village or ward, census enumeration block, and individual), adjusting for non-response. We constructed catalytic models to estimate the FOI and the proportion of the population susceptible to CHIKV in each region. From June 19, 2017, to April 12, 2018, we enumerated 117 675 individuals, of whom 77 640 were in the age group of 5-45 years. Of 17 930 randomly selected individuals, 12 300 individuals participated and their samples were used for estimation of CHIKV seroprevalence. The overall prevalence of IgG antibodies against CHIKV in the study population was 18·1% (95% CI 14·2-22·6). The overall seroprevalence was 9·2% (5·4-15·1) among individuals aged 5-8 years, 14·0% (8·8-21·4) among individuals aged 9-17 years, and 21·6% (15·9-28·5) among individuals aged 18-45 years. The seroprevalence was lowest in the northeast region (0·3% [95% CI 0·1-0·8]) and highest in the southern region (43·1% [34·3-52·3]). There was a significant difference in seroprevalence between rural (11·5% [8·8-15·0]) and urban (40·2% [31·7-49·3]) areas (p<0·0001). The seroprevalence did not differ by sex (male 18·8% [95% CI 15·2-23·0] vs female 17·6% [13·2-23·1]; p=0·50). Heterogeneous FOI models suggested that the FOI was higher during 2003-07 in the southern and western region and 2013-17 in the northern region. FOI was lowest in the eastern and northeastern regions. The estimated proportion of the population susceptible to CHIKV in 2017 was lowest in the southern region (56·3%) and highest in the northeastern region (98·0%). CHIKV transmission was higher in the southern, western, and northern regions of India than in the eastern and northeastern regions. However, a higher proportion of the population susceptible to CHIKV in the eastern and northeastern regions suggests a susceptibility of these regions to outbreaks in the future. Our survey findings will be useful in identifying appropriate target age groups and sites for setting up surveillance and for future CHIKV vaccine trials. Indian Council of Medical Research.

Burden of Chikungunya and its seasonal trend in south Karnataka- A study in a tertiary care centre

Introduction: Mosquito borne arboviral infections have become major public health problem at present due to many emerging and re – emerging infections and Chikungunya is one of them. Although Chikungunya causes severe clinical manifestations like arthritis, it is not routinely tested at the health care facilities and therefore goes undiagnosed and as such its prevalence is likely to be underestimated. Climate is one of the important factor influencing the occurrence and distribution of disease. Objectives: a) To estimate seroprevalence of Chikungunya virus infection among clinically suspected cases. b) To determine the seasonal variation of Chikungunya infection. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital using secondary data maintained in the microbiology laboratory registers, for clinically suspected patients of Chikungunya infection who reported to the hospital from January- December 2017. Prevalence was estimated by analyzing data for the results of IgM antibody by ELISA tests and any variations in disease reporting by age, gender and season were assessed. Statistical analysis was done using WHO Epi info software version 3.5.4. Results: A total of 1308 serum samples were analyzed during the study period. Out of which 123 (9.4%) samples were found positive for Chikungunya infection by IgM ELISA. The proportion of Chikungunya cases was higher in monsoon season with maximum rate of positivity in the month of July 48 (39.02%). Age group of 16-30 years was the most commonly affected i.e. (35.77%). Conclusion: The present study confirms that Chikungunya is mainly a disease of rainy season and also identifies certain vulnerable groups for effective planning of interventions. Keywords: Chikungunya, Immunoglobulin M, Seasonal variation, Seroprevalence.

Seroprevalence of chikungunya virus infection in five hospitals within Anyigba, Kogi State of Nigeria

Febrile illnesses in developing countries are often misdiagnosed as malaria or typhoid fever. Although arboviral infections have similar clinical symptoms, they are usually not screened because of limited resources and the fact that there are several viruses in this group. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has been isolated in parts of Nigeria, but there is no documented evidence of the infection in Kogi State. This study determined seroprevalence of active and past CHIKV infection among febrile patients who tested negative for malaria and typhoid fever. Sera from 243 febrile patients were screened for CHIKV IgG and IgM using an immunochromatographic test kit. Clinical and socio-demographic variables were collected using a structured questionnaire. Recent CHIKV infection was observed in 5.8% of the study participants while 25.1% had IgG antibodies demonstrating previous infection. Significant associations were observed between seropositivity and age of participants (p<0.001), sex (p=0.044), marital status (p=0.002), and occupation (p<0.001). Clinical symptoms such as fever, joint pain, and headache were significantly associated with seropositivity. This study identified recent CHIKV infection in Anyigba. Therefore, there is need for routine screening of febrile patients and molecular characterization to determine the nature of circulating strains.

Chikungunya and dengue virus infections during pregnancy: seroprevalence, seroincidence and maternal-fetal transmission, southern Thailand, 2009-2010.

Limited information is available on the seroprevalence of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection and maternal-fetal transmission incidence of CHIKV and dengue virus (DENV) infections during the 2008-2009 CHIKV outbreak in southern Thailand. A community-based post-epidemic seroprevalence study was conducted in parturient women admitted to the Thepa District Hospital in Songkhla Province, Thailand, for delivery from November 2009 to May 2010. The women were tested for chikungunya (CHIK) IgM/IgG and dengue (DEN) IgM/IgG. Cord blood samples were also tested for CHIK IgM or DEN IgM in women who tested positive for CHIK IgM or DEN IgM, respectively. The seroprevalence of CHIKV infection (CHIK IgM or IgG positive) was 227/319 (71·2%) with pre-outbreak seroprevalence (IgM-/IgG+) of 43·6% and the seroprevalence of DENV infection was 288/319 (90·3%). Complications during pregnancy, newborn outcomes and congenital anomalies were not different in those who had recent, remote or no CHIKV infections. None of the newborns whose mothers were CHIK or DEN IgM positive had cord blood positive for both CHIK and DEN IgM. In conclusion, both CHIKV and DENV are endemic in southern Thailand; during the recent CHIKV outbreak CHIK seroprevalence increased from 43·6% to 71·2%.

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Chikungunya Virus Infection in Mayotte, Indian Ocean, 2005-2006: A Population-Based Survey

BackgroundSince 2006, Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has re-emerged as an important pathogen of global concern. However, individual and household factors associated with the acquisition and the magnitude of clinically silent CHIKV infections remain poorly understood. In this present study, we aimed to investigate the seroprevalence, estimate the proportion of symptomatic illness and identify the risk factors for CHIKV infection in the primo-exposed population of Mayotte.Methods/ Principal FindingsWe conducted a household-based cross sectional serosurvey in Mayotte in November and December 2006 using complex multistage cluster sampling. To produce the results representative of the island population aged 2 years or older, sample data were adjusted with sample weights. Explanatory and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate associations between CHIKV infection seropositivity (presence of IgM and/or IgG to CHIKV by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) and risk factors. A total of 1154 individuals were analyzed. The overall seroprevalence of CHIKV infection was 37·2% (95% CI = 33·9–40·5), 318 (72·3%) of the seropositive participants reported symptoms consistent with a CHIKV infection during the epidemic period. Risk factors for CHIKV seropositivity among adults (aged 15 years and older) were male gender, low socioeconomic index, schooling ≤6 years and living in makeshift housing.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that roughly one out of four CHIKV infections is asymptomatic. Conditions associated with poverty may be considered as critical in CHIKV acquisition. Thus, these conditions should be taken into account in the development of future prevention strategies of CHIKV disease.