Seroprevalence Of Brucellosis In Sheep Research Articles

Determination of sero-prevalence of brucellosis in sheep (Ovis aries) in Bikaner district of Rajasthan

Determination of sero-prevalence of brucellosis in sheep (Ovis aries) in Bikaner district of Rajasthan

Seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goats from Al Jufrah district in the sub-Saharan region of Libya

Seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goats from Al Jufrah district in the sub-Saharan region of Libya

Association between seroprevalence and risk factors for brucellosis in small ruminants of Gujarat

A study was aimed to estimate the seroprevalence and assess the potential risk factors of brucellosis among sheep and goats in Gujarat from 2013 to 2018. Atotal of 2445 sera (goats=1373 and sheep=1072) were subjected to Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). A total of seven important risk factors or predictor variables were identified and variables with p<0.10 were retained for univariate logistic regression analysis. The apparent and true seroprevalence were 6.70 and 7.84% in goats and 13.24 and 15.50% in sheep, respectively. In goats, univariate logistic regression analysis affirmed that only two factors i.e., history of disease (odds ratio, OR- 5.03) and larger flock size (OR-3.03) had significant (p<0.001) association with the seroprevalence of brucellosis. In addition to these two, location (OR- 2.71) was also significantly associated (P<0.001) with seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep. Least Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) values (625.61 and 677.86) as indicators of best correlation were obtained when breed, sex, history of disease and flock size were used as predictor variables for goats. In sheep, least AIC and BIC values (688.55 and 728.36) were obtained with the model incorporating breed, history of disease, region of sampling and flock size as predictors. To conclude, in goats and sheep, three common factors viz., breed, history and flock size were significantly associated with seroprevalence of brucellosis.

Seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goats in the Arabian Gulf region.

Background and Aim:Brucellosis is a zoonosis that occurs worldwide. There were more efforts to control brucellosis in all countries. This study was performed to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goats in some areas in the Arabian Gulf.Materials and Methods:The study analyzed 8500 sera from non-vaccinated sheep and goats. Animals included 6441 sheep (3420 from farms and 3021 from quarantine) and 2059 goats (1580 from farms and 479 from quarantine). Sera were tested using the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and confirmed with an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA) test. Final confirmation analyzed blood samples from confirmed infected animals (n=30, 23 sheep and seven goats) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and culture.Results:The serological examination showed that 62/8500 of animals (0.729%, confidence interval [CI] 95% 0.57-0.94) were seropositive for brucellosis. Thirteen of 5000 (0.26%, CI 95% 0.15-0.45) and 49/3500 (1.4%, CI 95% 1.1-1.8) of animals from farms and quarantine were seropositive, respectively. Out of the 6441, 46 (0.71%) sheep and 16/2059 (0.78%) goats were seropositive. i-ELISA confirmed 41/62 RBPT-positive animals – 41/8500 (0.482%, CI 95% 0.36-0.65). Eight of 5000 of these animals (0.16%, CI 95% 0.08-0.32) and 33/3500 (0.94%, CI 95% 0.67-1.3) were confirmed positive in farms and quarantine, respectively. Thirty of 6441 (0.466%) and 11/2059 (0.534%) cases were positive in sheep and goats, respectively. PCR confirmed 18 of 41 positive animals (0.212% of all sera, CI 95% 0.13-0.34) identified by both RBPT and i-ELISA. Three of 5000 (0.06%, CI 95% 0.019-0.19) and 15/3500 (0.429%, CI 95% 0.26-0.71) from farms and quarantine were confirmed positive. Tissue samples (uterine, supra-mammary, testicular, and accessory glands lymph node) were collected from positive animals, as detected by RBPT and i-ELISA, at culling or slaughtering. Using in vitro culture, 14/30 were confirmed positive – 3/7 from farms (two sheep and one goat) and 11/23 from quarantine (nine sheep and two goats). Biovar 1 was dominant. PCR confirmed 23/30 tissue samples, 4/7 from farms (three sheep and one goat), and 19/23 from quarantine (15 sheep and four goats).Conclusion:The overall brucellosis rate in sheep and goats is 0.48%, with fewer animals from farms testing positive (0.16%) in this area of the Arabian Gulf. The infection appears to be well controlled, and continuous effort is still needed to maintain control and completely eradicate brucellosis. Additional support is needed for testing and slaughterhouse monitoring. In quarantine (imported animals), brucellosis infection in the slaughterhouse (0.94%) could pose a risk for transmission and spread of infection. The effort is needed to monitor this threat, and PCR is a sensitive and time-saving test for brucellosis diagnosis. All 14 confirmed positive samples were Biovar 1 dominant.

Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in sheep and goats in Duhok and Sumel districts of northern Iraq

The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goat herds in Duhok and Sumel districts of northern Iraq. A total of 600 serum samples (400 sheep and 200 goats) were used and screened for brucellosis by serological method indirect ELISA test. The number of seropositive animals determined in Duhok was 12 (6.0%) and 7 (7.0%) for sheep and goats, respectively. Brucella was positive in 19 out of 300 animals, together with an overall animal level seroprevalence of 6.3%. The number of brucellosis seropositive animals in Sumel was found 15 (7.5%) and 7 (7.0%) for sheep and goats, respectively. Seroprevalence of brucellosis at an overall animal level was found to be 7.3%. In this study, brucella was positive in 41 out of 600 sheep and goat sera. The results showed that seroprevalence of brucellosis was 6.75% (27/400) for sheep and 7.0% (14/200) for goats. Systematic investigations should be conducted in these study areas in order to accurately evaluate the prevalence of brucellosis and to effectively implement eradication strategies. Keywords: Brucella, Sheep, Goat, Seroprevalence, ELISA DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/5-11-06

Brucellosis seroprevalence in ovine and caprine flocks in China during 2000\u20132018: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundBrucellosis remains one of the most common zoonotic diseases globally, with more than half million human cases reported annually. Brucellosis is an emerging and re-emerging disease in China since the 1990s. An infectious reservoir constituted by domestic animals with brucellosis, especially ovine and caprine herds, poses a significant threat to public health. The seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goat flocks in a national context is unavailable so far. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the overall status of brucellosis in sheep and goats in China in almost two decades.ResultsThe pooled prevalence of brucellosis in ovine and caprine flocks in China increased in 2000–2009 (1.00%; 95% CI, 0.70–1.30) to 2010–2018 (3.20%; 95% CI, 2.70–3.60). The seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goat flocks was higher in Eastern China, with 7.00% of positive rate, than that in any other region, especially Shandong province (18.70%). Brucellosis is highly endemic in some local regions. The high prevalence of brucellosis in agricultural regions is suggestive of a shift of geographic distribution. The pooled prevalence of brucellosis is higher in goat flocks than in sheep flocks in China.ConclusionsThe overall data in this meta-analysis demands comprehensive intervention measures and further surveillance to facilitate the control of brucellosis in livestock. Further studies aimed at evaluating the risk factors associated with spreads of brucellosis in domestic animals unaddressed so far, and sufficient epidemiological data is important to the exploration and understanding of the prevalent status of brucellosis throughout the country and to disease control.

Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in sheep in Maigana and Birnin Gwari agro-ecological zones of Kaduna State, Nigeria

Brucellosis is an ancient and one of the world’s most widespread zoonotic diseases affecting public health and animal production. A cross-sectional study using simple random sampling was conducted between May and December, 2016 in Maigana and Birnin Gwari Agro-ecological zones of Kaduna State to determine the sero-prevalence of brucellosis in sheep. In addition the risk factors associated with sero-positivity in sheep were also assessed. A total of 400 sera samples comprised of 141 from males and 259 from females sheep were collected and screened for the presence of Brucella antibodies using Rose Bengal Plate test (RBPT) and competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). Sera analysis revealed that, 16.5% and 10.8% were seropositive to Brucella infection by RBPT and cELISA, respectively. There was statistically significant association between sex of the sheep and seropositivity to Brucella infection using RBPT (P &lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, no statistically significant association between the age and breed of sheep and seropositivity to Brucella infection using RBPT and cELISA, respectively (P &gt; 0.05). This study shows evidence of Brucella infection with high prevalence mainly among female sheep and the disease can be considered as a potential risk for both susceptible animals and humans in the study area. Therefore, creating awareness about brucellosis, interdisciplinary partnership and complementary effort between veterinary and public health professionals is very important to control the transmission of brucellosis.Keywords: Brucellosis, Kaduna State, Sheep, Sero-prevalence

Genotypic characterization of Brucella Spp.isolated from sheep and goats

Brucellosis is a major infectious zoonotic disease affecting animal and human.In animal, the disease is causing great economic losses such as abortion, still birth as well as infertility in both male and female.A cross sectional study carried out from November 2016 to May 2017 to estimate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goatsin Benha.A total of 38 animals (20 sheep, 18 goats)were investigated. 19 serum samples (8 from sheep and 11 from goats) subjected for serological examination. The results showed that,5/8(62.5%) and 9/11(81.8%) from sheep and goats, respectively, were positive by Rose Bengal Plat test(RBPT), Buffered Acidified Plat Antigen test(BABA)and Rivanol test (RIV test).Atotal of 34 lymph nodes from seropositive sheep and goats were examined bacteriologically. 3/20 (15%) and 4/14 (28.57%) were culture positive for Brucellarespectively. None of vaginal swabs revealed culture positive results.All isolates were confirmed genetically as Brucella spp. by PCR and all strains identified asB. melitensis by AMOS- PCR.

Sero-diagnosis of brucellosis in sheep and humans in Assiut and El-Minya governorates, Egypt

Egypt is an endemic area with brucellosis, so wherever herd problem associated abortion is present, brucellosis should be suspected, and its sero-diagnosis is needed. The present study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep and their contact humans in Assiut and El-Minya Governorates where a history of abortion in sheep was the chief complaint of the farmers; besides; the appearance of signs of undulant fever among some contact humans. Also, to identify the risk factors for brucellosis seropositivity at human and animal level. Serum samples were collected from 189 sheep and 53 in contact humans in Assiut and El-Minya Governorates, Egypt, during 2017. Antibodies against brucellosis were measured in the serum samples using Rose Bengal Plate test (RBPT) and were further confirmed using Serum Tube Agglutination Test (STAT). The overall seroprevalence ofbrucellosis using RBPT was 15.87% in sheep and that in humans was 9.44% (5 of 53), respectively. STAT confirmed that 40% of the RBPT-positive reactor sheep were infected by Brucella abortus, 16.67% were containing Brucella melitensis and 20% were experiencing a mixed infection of both Br. abortus and Br. melitensis. Additionally, 80% of the RBPT-positive reactor humans were infected with Br. abortus only and 20% were having both species of Brucella. Among different analyzed variables in this study, the age and farming system of the examined sheep were statistically significant. There was no significant effect in relation to gender, abortion history and pregnancy status of the examined animals, however, higher exposure rates were found among males, abortive animals, and recently calved animals. Gender of the tested humans and presence of seropositive sheep in contact differed significantly in acquiring the infection. Nevertheless, other factors, including age, education, and profession were statistically insignificant on getting human brucellosis. These results indicate the high seroprevalence of brucellosis in humans and sheep in the study areas and generally in Egypt, and therefore, control programs should be implemented.

Sero-epidemiological survey of brucellosis in small ruminants in Hamedan province, Iran

Objective: Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonosis with global distribution. The disease remains endemic in many countries including Iran, while its seroprevalence in endemic area is not well documented. We aimed to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goats in Hamedan province, west of Iran. Material and methods: A total of 3,250 blood samples from 2,550 sheep and 700 goats were collected randomly. All samples were analyzed for the presence of Brucella antibodies using Rose Bengal, Wright standard tube agglutination and 2-mercaptoethanol agglutination tests. Results: The seroprevalence rate of brucellosis in animals and flock level were found in 4.6% and 13.6% of goats and 3% and 27.9% of sheep, respectively. No evidence of correlation between gender and Brucella infection rate were found in animals ( P >0.05). Statistical significant differences was seen between age groups and infection rate in goats ( P =0.033, OR=2.1); unlike to sheep ( P =0.373). Also, the infection rate in nomads population of sheep was higher than fix location animals ( P =0.003; OR=1.9); unlike to goats ( P =0.195). In animals with history of abortion and vaccination against brucellosis, seroprevalence rate was significantly lower than other ( P <0.05). Conclusion: This is the first report of brucellosis in sheep and goats in Hamedan province. The design of a comprehensive control program including vaccination, screening, and culling of brucellosis-positive animals is recommended. http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2016.c179

Seroprevalence and "Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices" (KAPs) survey of endemic ovine brucellosis in Egypt.

BackgroundBetween February and July 2014, a cross-sectional study to estimate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep in the Kafrelsheikh district of Egypt was carried out, together with a survey of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs) among local shepherds. A total of 273 serum samples were collected from 28 sheep flocks in 10 villages within the study area. These samples were analysed by the Rose Bengal Plate test (RBPT) test, with all positive samples being confirmed by complement fixation test (CFT).ResultsTrue seroprevalence was 20 % (95 % CI 15.3–24.7 %) with the prevalence of villages with at least one seropositive sheep estimated at 95.5 % (95 % CI 92.2–100 %); village flock seroprevalence ranged from 0 to 46.8 %. Results of the KAPs survey demonstrated that despite good knowledge regarding brucellosis being potentially present within their flocks, shepherds lacked knowledge regarding routes of livestock to humans disease transmission and the symptoms of brucellosis in humans. This lack of knowledge regarding disease transmission resulted in high-risk practices being widespread—practices such as assisting parturition without protective measures, throwing aborted material into water canals and a reluctance to remove animals that had aborted from the flock.ConclusionsThis study proposes potential measures to reduce seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep and reduce public health risks from brucellosis such as culling aborted livestock and educational campaigns among shepherds regarding disease risks and modes of transmission.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13028-015-0183-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in Sheep and Cow Herds of Kermanshah Province by Conventional Methods during the Period 2008 to 2013

Aim: Brucellosis, as a zoonotic disease, is characterized by reduced fertility in animals. This study has aimed to assess the prevalence of brucellosis in sheep and cows rearing in Kermanshah Province. Methodology and Results: The study was conducted in the regions of Kermanshah whereas people had seropositive results for brucellosis. Serum samples of sheep and cow flocks were screened using tow conventional methods. The sheep was the most ruminant infected with brucella. The most seropositive cases were found in the year 2011. Conclusion, Significance and Impact of Study: Control and eradication programs among animals should be regarded as a priority measures in prevention of human brucellosis. The zoonotic aspects of brucellosis must be considered. When the disease exists in animals, especially in ovine and caprine, it is a concern for human public health. In order to control this zoonotic disease, close cooperation of health and veterinary organizations is necessary.

Seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep and isolation of Brucella abortus biovar 6 in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan.

Brucellosis is one of the important zoonotic diseases among livestock. This study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of brucellosis and isolate Brucella spp. in sheep in Kassala State in the east of Sudan. Two thousand and five serum samples were randomly collected from nine different localities. All serum samples were examined by the Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and the modified RBPT (mRBPT). Forty-three (2.15%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6,3.0) and 68 (3.4%, 95% CI: 2.6, 4.2) samples were positive with the RBPT and the mRBPT, respectively. According to a known diagnostic sensitivity of 86.6% and a known diagnostic specificity of 97.6% for the mRBPT, the true prevalence was estimated to be 1.2% (95% CI: 0.3, 2.2). Different tissue samples were collected from 41 mRBPT seropositive animals. Brucella abortus biovar 6 was isolated from a pyometra of a seropositive ewe. It is important to note that B. abortus biovar 6 cannot be differentiated from Brucella melitensis biovar 2 by routine bacteriology. Only phage typing performed in reference laboratories will allow accurate identification of the strain. The fact that B. abortus biovar 6 does not require CO2 for growth, combined with the fact that it has been isolated from a small ruminant in this study, could easily have led to misidentification (as B. melitensis biovar 2), to wrong epidemiological inferences and to the implementation of inappropriate control measures. The results presented here suggest that sheep are spillover hosts, as previously described for camels, and that the actual reservoir of B. abortus biovar 6 is cattle in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan. This study highlights the importance of isolating and identifying Brucella spp. in different livestock species in order to accurately decipher brucellosis epidemiology in sub-Saharan Africa.

Sero-prevalence of brucellosis in sheep in North Senatorial District of Kaduna State, Nigeria

ObjectiveTo determine the current status of Brucella antibodies in sheep in Kaduna North Senatorial District of Kaduna State, Nigeria. MethodsA total of 579 serum samples were collected (114 rams and 465 ewes) and analysed using Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), serum agglutination test with ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (SAT-EDTA) and lateral flow assay (LFA). ResultsThe prevalence of Brucella antibodies was found to be 26.5%, 11.1% and 2.4% using RBPT, SAT-EDTA and LFA respectively. The prevalence was 22.8%, 7.9%, 1.8% and 27.5%, 12.7% and 3.0% for the males and females using RBPT, SAT-EDTA and LFA, respectively. The prevalence rate for animals of less than 1 year of age was 23.8%, 14.3% and 9.5% for RBPT, SAT-EDTA and LFA, respectively, the corresponding prevalence rate for animals within the age bracket of 1 to 3 years was 26.7%, 11.2% and 1.4%, using RBPT, SAT-EDTA and LFA, respectively. Seroprevalence for animals above 3 years old were 24.7%, 12.4% and 3.5%, respectively. ConclusionsIt is evident that sheep in the study area are infected with Brucella spp., including Brucella melitensis in view of the LFA positivity. This is of public health significance.

Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in Sheep and Humans in District Kohat, Pakistan

| Brucellosis is a bacterial disease and is caused by genus Brucella. It is highly prevalent zoonotic disease in developing countries including Pakistan. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in sheep and humans of district Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. For this purpose, one hundred blood samples from each humans and sheep (50 each from both sexes) were randomly collected at three different tehsils (Lachi, Seni Gumbat and Kohat) of district Kohat. The serum samples were tested for presence of anti-Brucella antibodies by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Serum Agglutination Test (SAT). Moreover, a total of 50 milk samples were also collected from various sheep herds for subsequent conduction of milk ring test (MRT). The estimated prevalence of ovine brucellosis was 12.12%, 09% and 08.82% in Lachi, Seni Gumbat and Kohat, respectively, with an overall prevalence of 10% in the district. Whereas, SAT and RBPT demonstrated the prevalence as 7% and 6%, respectively, in humans. The results of current study validated that brucellosis was widespread in district Kohat with a relatively higher prevalence being recorded in ewes and occupationally exposed women than their male counterparts. Furthermore, the prevalence of brucellosis was significantly higher in sheep and humans of Lachi and Seni Gumbat tehsils as compared to Kohat. Results of the current study may support the health care organizers to formulate suitable control plans against Brucellosis.

Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in Sheep in the Gaibandha District of Bangladesh

Brucellosis is an important zoonoses causing signififant economic loss but is very often neglected in Bangladesh. Therefore, a survey was undertaken to investigate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep of selected areas (Gaibandha sadar and Gobindagonj upazilas) in the Gaibandha districts of Bangladesh. A total of 206 sera samples were collected from sheep and were tested for presence of Brucella specific antibody by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) as screening test and the RBPT positive samples were further confirmed using indirect Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA). Information of sheep's age, sex, housing system, pregnancy status, abortion and reproductive disorder were collected using questionnaire. The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep was recorded as 3.39% in RBPT and 2.91% in i-ELISA. The prevalence of brucellosis in female sheep (3.41%) was higher than male (3.33%). The prevalence of brucellosis in sheep with abortion history was higher (4.34%) than the sheep with no abortion (3.08%). The highest prevalence of brucellosis (4.00%) was found in sheep keeping with others species such as cattle and goat compared to the sheep keeping alone (1.79%). The higher rate (4.59%) of Brucella antibody was recorded in sheep of 1-2 years of age. Brucellosis might be an important hinders for sheep production in Bangladesh. The present study will help to develop an appropriate prevention strategy for brucellosis in Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v23i1-2.16562Progress. Agric. 23(1 &amp; 2): 25 – 32, 2012

Seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep of organized and unorganized sector of Kashmir valley

Aim: A seroprevalence study of brucellosis in sheep was conducted from April 2010 to April 2012 from both organized and unorganized sectors of the Kashmir valley. Materials and Methods: A total of 6615 sera samples were tested by Rose Bengal Plate test (RBPT) and Standard Tube Agglutination Test (STAT). Results: The overall seropositivity revealed 6.50 % of prevalence of brucellosis. Higher prevalence (14.14%) of brucellosis was recorded in unorganized sector as compared organized sector (3.23%).

Seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep in the Aksu Region of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China, between 1990 and 2010

Seroprevalence of brucellosis infection in sheep between 1990 and 2010 in the Aksu Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China was determined by Rose Bengal Precipitation Test of Brucellosis (RBPT). The sera samples were analyzed according to region, husbandry practice, sex, and age. A total of 208,438 sheep were tested, with overall brucellosis seroprevalence of 0.26% (550/208438). No statistically significant difference was found in terms of age and region. Seroprevalence in male sheep (0.53%, 52/9877) was higher than that in the females (p = 0.02; OR = 2.105, 95%; CI = 1.581–2.803). Significant difference (p = 0.03; OR = 2.358, 95%; CI = 1.843–3.017) was evident for rates for brucellosis in the scale breeding (0.13%, 73/55195) and backyard groups (0.31%, 477/153243). The current brucellosis serosurvey is expected to broaden the understanding of zoonotic infection in the region. We concluded that the control measures for brucellosis in the Aksu region sheep herds are effective.

Survey of the seroprevalence of brucellosis in ruminants in Kosovo

A cross-sectional survey of the seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep, goats and cattle in Kosovo was made in January 2001. A total of 12,000 serum samples, from 7941 cattle, 3548...