Series Of Trails Research Articles

The Hawaiian Horse by Dr. Billy Bergin and Dr. Brady Bergin

Reviewed by: The Hawaiian Horse by Dr. Billy Bergin and Dr. Brady Bergin Matthew Kainoa Wong The Hawaiian Horse. By Dr. Billy Bergin and Dr. Brady Bergin. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press, 2017. xviii + 364 pp. Appendices. Glossary. Bibliographic references. Illustrated. Index. $42.00 cloth Dr. Billy Bergin and Dr. Brady Bergin’s The Hawaiian Horse narrates the history and legacy of the equine species. Their work is an important contribution to the equine field. The authors take the reader on a ride through history, recounting the origin of the equine species and the influence of the vaquero. They include an in-depth look at the worldwide transportation of livestock, equine roles in agronomy in industries of ranching, coffee, pineapple, rice, sugar and taro production in Hawai‘i, and examine mounts for recreational pleasure as well as highly competitive mounts. The authors depict people who have played important roles in the development of the horse in Hawai‘i, and they also go into detail about the usage of horses in sports. As veterinarians, Dr. Billy Bergin and Dr. Brady Bergin’s work would not be complete without including general and specific equine health issues in Hawai‘i. Each chapter [End Page 165] can be seen as a series of trails through time, creating a timeline that begins by contextualizing the origination of the equine species and ends with the future of Hawai‘i’s horse community. The insight that the authors provide on the influence of the vaquero is very comprehensive, illustrating the arrival of the vaquero in Hawai‘i in 1833 at King Kamehameha III’s royal request. The king was probably unaware that he not only launched “a major industrial/agricultural industry but also founded the Hawaiian paniolo culture that would parallel the image and skill of the vaqueros of New Spain and America’s West” (p. 30). The authors go into further detail, pointing out how the Hawaiian paniolo [cowboy] quickly retained what was taught by the vaquero and naturally excelled in horsemanship and cattle ranching. The authors also explain how the Hawaiian paniolo ho‘ohawai‘i (Hawaiianized) what they learned by interweaving their innate instincts as Native Hawaiian seafarers. The Hawaiian paniolo fashioned their saddles after the outrigger canoe, adapting all of the major saddle parts’ names from those of the outrigger canoe. They also note that as seafarers, Hawaiian’s were very adept at braiding cords of aho (sennet), so braiding rawhide to fashion their kaula ‘ili (rawhide rope) and other equipment came naturally. “Little did the vaquero know that the product of this mentoring would be world championship ropers only seventy-five years later” (p. 32). In the following chapters of the book, the authors illuminate the roles of the horse, donkey and mules in Hawaiian society. The Hawaiian paniolo pursued mounts with more endurance, hardiness, and easy-keeping qualities. These traits were found in the feral Hawaiian horses that were brought to Hawai‘i in 1803. These mounts had “hardened hooves of black granite that were a characteristic and a prepotent trait of feral horses that quickly became known as the Mauna Kea breed” (p. 65). The desire for the preservation of this breed led to the development of tightly controlled breeding programs throughout Hawai‘i. The donkey and mule also established “iconic status” (p. 86) in the important role they played in the history of taro and rice cultivation in Waipi‘o, Waimanu and Pololū Valleys. The horse, donkey and mule trains transported about 1,200 pounds of pa‘i‘ai (cooked, pounded taro) per trip from the valley floors, up steep and windy trails to various kauhale (villages). The authors also shed light on various horse health issues, some general and some unique to Hawai‘i due to “Hawai‘i’s tropical climate, with its high forage moisture, high rainfall and humidity, volcanic soils of variable mineral composition, and common presence of wetlands” (p. 99). Diseases like Big Head Disease, Lampas, Glanders, dental health issues, and hoof and skin issues are prevalent in Hawai’i. Hawai‘i offers unique challenges for horses because “more than three-fourths of these animals live on fibrous, abrasive, [End Page 166] and bulky forage...

Feasibility of using fibrous waste in cement-based material

The use of fibers into cement–based materials has been studied extensively and as a result of this research and development, a wide range of fibers is now available to be used in cementitious materials. However, little work has been done on the addition of fibrous waste to the cement, mortar and concretes to investigate this by-product fiber as reinforcing material due the absence of industrialized fibers in many countries.The main aim of this experimental study is to investigate the suitability of using fibrous waste as a reinforcing material for cement-based materials. Presentation of such fibrous waste is presented in this paper. The influence of type and content of fibrous waste is evaluated. The results obtained, from series of trails, shown that some physical and mechanical properties of the fibrous waste’s composite material are improved

An Extensive Study on Data Anonymization Algorithms Based on K-Anonymity

For business and research oriented works engaging Data Analysis and Cloud services needing qualitative data, many organizations release huge microdata. It excludes an individual’s explicit identity marks like name, address and comprises of specific information like DOB, Pin-code, sex, marital status, which can be combined with other public data to recognize a person. This implication attack can be manipulated to acquire any sensitive information from social network platform, thereby putting the privacy of a person in grave danger. To prevent such attacks by modifying microdata, K-anonymization is used. With potentially increasing data, the effective method to anonymize it stands challenging. After series of trails and systematic comparison, in this paper, we propose three best algorithms along with its efficiency and effectiveness. Studies help researchers to identify the relationship between the values of k, degree of anonymization, choosing a quasi-identifier and focus on execution time.

Repeater Coordination in Attenuating Weak Signals on a Circular Flat Area Based on Queuing Theory

A repeater is able to amplify attenuating weak signals, as a consequence, transmission distance was greatly elongated. Plus, CTCSS avoid interference among repeaters to some extent, thus providing more channels to accommodate increasing number of users. The problem is, how to coordinate the repeaters in a certain area, flat or mountainous, to suit the users’ demands about communication. Queuing Theory was introduced to solve the problem, the optimum answer is not a constant but is given based on the probability of waiting before served. In our model, the statistic parameter “Arrival Rate” is given by steps, thus forming a series of trails. Different isolines of user performances (especially probability of waiting) are selected and fit the curve to get approximate solutions. If 1000 users are in the flat area, mean number of users who are expected to communicate is 400, the number of repeaters required goes to 42, when waiting probability is set 10–5. If 10000 users, of which 4000 user couples are expected to communicate, the number of repeaters required goes to 224, under the waiting provability of 10–5. In the model, the results are plotted on a 3-dimensional coordinate system, a visual view of parameter flexibility was given.

JOINT CUSTODY: An Archaeological Park at Neolithic Ghwair I, Jordan

Archaeological parks have enjoyed considerable success in both presenting excavation results to the public and, often, in benefiting local communities. While many such parks focus on large and visually impressive sites, smaller sites also can benefit from this approach to archaeological presentation. Here, we present the results of a modest park at the Pre-Pottery Neolithic site of Ghwair I in the remote Wadi Faynan of southern Jordan. The park was constructed after several excavation seasons, and consists primarily of a simple series of trails and signage, accompanied by a brochure in both Arabic and English. This article addresses how Ghwair I fits into broader eco-tourism of the Wadi Faynan area and examines some of the pragmatic issues that were faced, including funding and maintenance.