Series Of Rb Research Articles

Dilution induced magnetic localization in Rb(Co[formula omitted]Ni[formula omitted])2Se2 single crystals

We report experimental studies on a series of Rb(Co1−xNix)2Se2 (0.02 ≤x≤ 0.9) powder and single crystal samples using x-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, and electronic transport measurements. All compositions are metallic and adopt the body-centered tetragonal structure with I4/mmm space group. Anisotropic magnetic susceptibilities measured on single crystal samples suggest that Rb(Co1−xNix)2Se2 undergo an evolution from ferromagnetism to antiferromagnetism, and finally to paramagnetism with increasing Ni concentration. Neutron diffraction measurements on the samples with x = 0.1, 0.4, and 0.6 reveal an A-type antiferromagnetic order with moments lying in the ab plane. The moment size changes from 0.69 (x=0.1) to 2.80μB (x=0.6) per Co ions. Our results demonstrate that dilution of the magnetic Co ions by substitution of nonmagnetic Ni ions induces magnetic localization and evolution from itinerant to localized magnetism in Rb(Co1−xNix)2Se2.

High Lying Precise Resonance Energies from Photoionization Studies of Se3+ and Rb+ Ions Using the Screening Constant per Unit Nuclear Charge Formalism

Resonance energies of the 4s4p (3P0,1)np, 4s4p (3P2)np (2P3/2, 4D7/2, 4D5/2) and 4s4p (1P1)np (2D3/2, 2D5/2) Rydberg series of Se3+ ions along with resonance energies of the 4s24p5 (2P°1/2) nd1P°1 and 4s4p6 (2S1/2) np 1P°1 series of Rb+ ions are reported. Calculations are done in the framework of the screening constant per unit nuclear charge (SCUNC) formalism. The fine structure splitting of the 4s4p (3P2)np (2P3/2, 4D7/2, 4D5/2) series from n = 10 to n = 27 and for the 4s4p (1P1)np (2D3/2, 2D5/2) series from n = 8 to 11 are resolved in this paper. Very good agreements are obtained between the present calculations and the available experimental and theoretical literature data. The present predicted data up to n = 40 may be of great importance for the atomic physics community in connection with the understanding of the chemical evolution of the Se and Rb elements in the Universe.

Effect of Rb+ Doping on Tunable Luminescence in Yb3+/Er3+–Y2O3 Film

In this paper, a series of Rb+-doped Er3+/Yb3+–Y2O3 films were synthesized via a sol-gel method and spin coating. The structure and morphology of the samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The Rb+-doped films with nanoparticles, in the size range of 20–40 nm, were obtained. The spectroscopic analysis of the samples was investigated by using the emission spectra and the intensity of luminescence. All the samples exhibited a green emission ascribed to 2H11/2/4S3/2 to 4I15/2 of Er3+ and a red one ascribed to 4F9/2 and its stark level to 4I15/2 of Er3+. As the Rb+ concentration increased, the intensities of the green light and red light were enhanced 16.97- and 5.81-fold relative to that of the undoped sample. Moreover, by controlling the Rb+ concentration, the samples were capable of generating color-tunable luminescence from red to green linearly. The tunable emission was caused by the change of ion distribution ratio in 4F7/2(Er) and 4F9/2(Er) levels. The results suggest that the as-prepared Rb+-doped Er3+/Yb3+–Y2O3 films have a great potential for applications of luminescence.

Potential of Thai Soil on the Anaerobic Treatment of Urban Wastewater in the Alternate Flooding and Drying of the Soil with Plant System

To evaluate potential treatment of organic waste (OW) dominant pollutions in the urban wastewater by Thai soils, a primary and a main anaerobic incubation experiments have been carried out. First probation, excess glucose solution (1500 mg/l) without (0) and with (+3750 mg/l of 16-20-0 fertilizer) in a 5 x 2 factorial in CRD, having 5 flooding periods: 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 days and 2 fertilization: 0 and + replicatied 3 times, in a Tropaquepts (Rb series) at 1:2 of soil:solution ratio, has been carried out. This trial confirmed, LERD’s discovery that anaerobic treatment of the OW was very effective reaching the treatment potential at the 5 days period at 2730 ppm from the 3000 ppm load used. Next demonstation, the soil and other 16 ones in 7 of the 9 Thai soil Orders which were Alfisols (4), Inceptisols (3), Mollisols (3), Ultisols (3), Vertisols (2), Spodosols (1), and Oxisols (1) were investigated. Anaerobic incubation at 1:2 soil:solution ratio of the fertilized glucose solution at 5 days period in the CRD experiment of the 17 soils with 3 replications that was highly significant difference (P<0.01). Soil properties had correlated with glucose treatment by Pearson correlation, were related in linear equation which can forecasted potential of wastewater treatment because of many soil properties were encourage anaerobe activities which are nutrients, enzymes and electron accepters.

Solvent extraction of cesium into nitrobenzene by using sodium, potassium and rubidium dicarbollylcobaltates in the presence of polypropylene glycol PPG 425

Extraction of microamounts of cesium by nitrobenzene solutions of sodium dicarbollylcobaltate (Na+B−), potassium dicarbollylcobaltate (K+B−) and rubidium dicarbollylcobaltate (Rb+B−) in the presence of polypropylene glycol PPG 425 (L) has been investigated. The equilibrium data have been explained assuming that the complex species ML+ (M+ = Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+; L = PPG 425) are present in the organic phase. The stability constants of the cationic complex species ML+ (M+ = Na+, K+, Rb+) in nitrobenzene saturated with water have been determined; they were found to increase in the series of Rb+ < K+ < Na+.

Solvent extraction of H3O+, NH4 +, Ag+, K+, Rb+ and Tl+ into nitrobenzene by using cesium dicarbollylcobaltate in the presence of a hexaarylbenzene-based receptor

From extraction experiments and γ-activity measurements, the extraction constants corresponding to the general equilibrium M+(aq) + 1·Cs+(nb) \( \rightleftarrows \)1·M+(nb) + Cs+(aq) taking part in the two-phase water–nitrobenzene system (1 = hexaarylbenzene-based receptor; M+ = H3O+, NH4+, Ag+, K+, Rb+, Tl+; aq = aqueous phase, nb = nitrobenzene phase) were evaluated. Furthermore, the stability constants of the ML+ complex species in nitrobenzene saturated with water were calculated; they were found to increase in the series of Rb+ < K+ < Ag+, Tl+ < H3O+, NH4+.

The experience of the industrial operation of JSC AZK and OS production reforming catalysts

A review of the modern domestic reforming catalysts of JSC AZK and OS (Angarsk Catalyst and Organic Synthesis Plant) production is given and the experience of the RB series catalyst (RB-33U, RB-44U, RB-35YuKA, manufactured by SPF OLKAT) operation on the different OPP reforming units in the Russian Federation is summarized. It has been found that the high stability of the RB series catalysts (RB-33U, RB- 44U, RB-35YuKA) along with the special unit development for the catalyst loading and application of hydrogen processing at break periods allow for the time to be extended between regenerations during reformate production with a RON of 95–96 to 42 months.

Demulsification of Extra Heavy Crude Oil

The demulsification of orimulsion, an extra heavy crude oil, was studied by a PDY-1 instrument of electric demulsification. Some commercial demulsifiers, including P, RN, and RB series demulsifiers, were tested; however, their dewatering efficiency was unsatisfactory. ZQ series demulsifiers were synthesized and applied. It is pointed out that the ZQX3 series demulsifier had satisfactory dewatering ability for extra heavy crude oil emulsion. In order to improve the dewatering efficiency, toluene diisocyanate (TDI) was used as a chain extender to modify the ZQ series demulsifiers and an assistant—ammonium sulfate (t1)—was added. The results indicate that the dewatering efficiency of ZQ43 and a t1 mixture reaches excellent dewatering efficiency.

Correlation between Parent and Daughter Element Concentrations as a Means of Valuing Rb-Sr-, Sm-Nd-, and K-Ca-Isochrones of Igneous Rocks

The question whether a series of whole rock samples can be attributed to an isochrone for radiogeochronological dating or for determining the initial isotopic ratio of the daughter element of igneous rocks can be valued by means of the correlation between the concentrations 1c and 2c of mother and daughter element. The slope of the correlation line in a lg 1c to lg 2c diagram is given by if the concentration patterns of 1c and 2c in the whole rock samples are ruled by fractional crystallization or by fractional melting, thus giving evidence of the mother element—daughter element system to be closed. Deviations from this regularity indicate the possibility of post-magmatic changes in chemical composition by which the assumption of the closeness of the system becomes doubtful. The proposed principle is valued by applying to a series of Rb–Sr isochrones.

Self-broadening and shift of Doppler-free two-photon lines of Rb

The self-broadening and shift rates of 14 two-photon lines of the 5 2S 1 2 −n 2D 3 2 , 5 2 series and 8 lines of the 5 2S 1 2 −n 2S 1 2 series of Rb were measured using thermionic detector and the technique of Doppler-free two-photon spectroscopy. The dependence of the broadening and shift of the lines on the principal quantum number is discussed and compared with experimental data for the Rb principal series lines and recent theoretical estimates.

DIFFUSE BANDS IN ABSORPTION AROUND THE SODIUM PRINCIPAL DOUBLETS IN THE PRESENCE OF NITROGEN AND HYDROGEN

Following the observation of the diffuse absorption bands near the second member of the principal series of Rb and Cs by Ny and Chen in the presence of foreign gases, we were led to study the absorption spectrum of sodium in the presence of nitrogen and hydrogen with a Hilger E-316 quartz spectrograph and a 10-foot grating spectrograph of Eagle mounting. Corrosion resistant MgO windows were used in the absorption tube so that both the absorbing and the perturbing atoms within the absorbing column had a homogeneous concentration. Diffuse absorption band was observed only by the shorter wave-length side of the third member of the principal series but not by any of the others. The separation between the intensity maximum of the diffuse band and the principal lines is larger in the case of hydrogen than that of nitrogen. They are 3.48 A for nitrogen and 4.17 A for hydrogen. The wavelength of the intensity maximum of these bands are respectively 2849.4 A and 2848.7 A for nitrogen and hydrogen.