Series Of Normal Stages Research Articles

Pathological ASXL1 Mutations and Protein Variants Impair Neural Crest Development.

SummaryThe neural crest (NC) gives rise to a multitude of fetal tissues, and its misregulation is implicated in congenital malformations. Here, we investigated molecular mechanisms pertaining to NC-related symptoms in Bohring-Opitz syndrome (BOS), a developmental disorder linked to mutations in the Polycomb group factor Additional sex combs-like 1 (ASXL1). Genetically edited human pluripotent stem cell lines that were differentiated to NC progenitors and then xenotransplanted into chicken embryos demonstrated an impairment of NC delamination and emigration. Molecular analysis showed that ASXL1 mutations correlated with reduced activation of the transcription factor ZIC1 and the NC gene regulatory network. These findings were supported by differentiation experiments using BOS patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell lines. Expression of truncated ASXL1 isoforms (amino acids 1–900) recapitulated the NC phenotypes in vitro and in ovo, raising the possibility that truncated ASXL1 variants contribute to BOS pathology. Collectively, we expand the understanding of truncated ASXL1 in BOS and in the human NC.

Does the Stage 16 Embryo in Hamburger–Hamilton’s “Series of Normal Stages in the Development of the Chick Embryo” Have a Potential “Conotruncal” Heart Defect?

The classical Hamburger and Hamilton (HH) paper demonstrates the normal stages of development of the chick embryo that have been extensively used as the basis of understanding normal and abnormal development of the chick embryo heart. Careful examination of the series of images published in this seminal paper indicates that the cardiac images of stage 16 embryo shown in this article may reflect an abnormally developed heart. In this article, the argument is presented that the embryo depicted in the HH paper is not normal, but instead inflicted with a conotruncal heart defect.

Expression of cVg1 mRNA during chicken embryonic development.

Using degenerated PCR-primers to identify known and novel BMPs that are expressed in the developing chicken heart, we identified not only BMP2, -4, and -7 mRNA, but also the TGFbeta superfamily member cVg1. The expression pattern of cVg1 mRNA was determined during chicken development from HH4 to HH44. In early developmental stages, cVg1 mRNA is expressed in the primitive streak, paraxial mesoderm, developing somites, and developing neural tube. Subsequently, cVg1 mRNA is expressed in the developing central and peripheral nervous system, retina, auditory vesicle, notochord, lung alveoli, and olfactory mucosa. In the heart, cVg1 is initially expressed through the linear heart tube, but becomes restricted to the forming chamber myocardium, in an expression domain similar to that of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) mRNA.

Belief vs. scientific observation: the curious story of the precardiac mesoderm.

Belief vs. scientific observation: the curious story of the precardiac mesoderm.

Developmental origin of avian primordial germ cells and its unique differentiation in the gonads of mixed-sex chimeras.

Developmental origin of avian primordial germ cells and its unique differentiation in the gonads of mixed-sex chimeras.

A series of normal stages in the development of the chick embryo

Developmental DynamicsVolume 195, Issue 4 p. 231-272 ArticleFree Access A series of normal stages in the development of the chick embryo Viktor Hamburger, Corresponding Author Viktor Hamburger Department of Zoology, Washington University, St. Louis, MissouriDr. Joshua R. Sanes, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO 63110Search for more papers by this authorHoward L. Hamilton, Howard L. Hamilton Department of Zoology and Entomology, Iowa State College, AmesSearch for more papers by this author Viktor Hamburger, Corresponding Author Viktor Hamburger Department of Zoology, Washington University, St. Louis, MissouriDr. Joshua R. Sanes, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO 63110Search for more papers by this authorHoward L. Hamilton, Howard L. Hamilton Department of Zoology and Entomology, Iowa State College, AmesSearch for more papers by this author First published: December 1992 https://doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001950404Citations: 1,342AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL References Duval, Mathias (1989) Atlas d'Embryologie. ( 116 pp., 40 plates). Paris. Hamburger, Viktor (1938) Morphogenetic and axial self-differentiation of transplanted limb primordia of 2-day chick embryos. J. Exp. Zool., 77: 379– 399. Hamburger, Viktor 1942 A Manual of Experimental Embryology. 213 pp. University of Chicago Press. Kelbel, F., and K. Abraham 1900 Normentafel zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des Huhnes (Gallus domesticus). 132 pp. Jena. Spratt, Nelson T., Jr. 1942 Location of organ-specific regions and their re-lationship to the development of the primitive streak in the early chick blastoderm. J. Exp. Zool., 89: 69– 101. Nelson, T. Spratt, Jr. 1946 Formation of the primitive streak in the explanted chick blastoderm marked with carbon particles. J. Exp. Zool., 103: 259– 304. Saunders John W., Jr. 1948 The proximo-distal sequence of origin of the parts of the chick wing and the role of the ectoderm. J. Exp. Zool., 108: 363– 403. Citing Literature Volume195, Issue4December 1992Pages 231-272 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Analysis of the development of the lizard, Calotes versicolor. I. A series of normal stages in the embryonic development

AbstractIt has been shown that the external parameters of eggs of the garden lizard, Calotes versicolor, are not suitable for assessing the exact developmental stages of embryos. In order to make use of this lizard's embryos for experimental work, a series of developmental stages has been characterized, using various morphological features.

CELL CYCLE IN THE PRIMITIVE STREAK AND THE NOTOCHORD OF EARLY CHICK EMBRYOS.

Development, Growth & DifferentiationVolume 10, Issue 3-4 p. 297-311 Free Access CELL CYCLE IN THE PRIMITIVE STREAK AND THE NOTOCHORD OF EARLY CHICK EMBRYOS KENJIRO OZATO, KENJIRO OZATO Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Zoological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Kyoto, Kyoto Laboratory of Biology, Yoshida College, University of Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan.Search for more papers by this author KENJIRO OZATO, KENJIRO OZATO Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Zoological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Kyoto, Kyoto Laboratory of Biology, Yoshida College, University of Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan.Search for more papers by this author First published: February 1969 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-169X.1969.00297.pp.x AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References Bellairs, R., 1955. Studies on the development of the foregut in the chick. III. The role of mitosis. J. Embryol. Exp. Morph., 3, 242 – 250. Bellairs, R., 1957. Studies on the development of the foregut in the chick embryo. IV. Mesodermal induction and mitosis. J. Embryol. Exp. Morph., 5, 340 – 350. Derrick, G. E., 1937. An analysis of the early development of the chick by means of the mitotic index. J. Morph., 61, 257 – 284. Dettlaff, T. A., 1964. Cell divisions, duration of interkinetic states and differentiation in early stages of embryonic development. Advances in Morphogenesis, 3, 323 – 362. Eds. M. Abercrombie and J. Brachet, Academic Press. Emanuelsson, H., 1962. Mitotic activity in chick embryos at the primitive streak stage. Acta physiol. Scand., 52, 211 – 233. Emanuelsson, H., 1965. Cell multiplication in the chick blastoderm up to the time of laying. Exp. Cell. Res., 65, 386 – 399. Fawcett, D. W., 1959. Changes in the fine structure of the cytoplasmic organelles during differentiation. Developmental Cytology, 161 – 189. Ed. D. Rudnick, Ronald Press. Graham, C. F., and R. W. Morgan, 1966. Changes in the cell cycle during early amphibian development. Develop. Biol., 14, 439 – 460. Hamburger, V., and H. L. Hamilton, 1951. A series of normal stages in the development of the chick embryo. J. Morph., 88, 49 – 92. Haward, A., and S. R. Pelc, 1953. Synthesis of desoxyribonucleic acid in normal and irradiated cells and its relation to chromosome breakage. Heredity, 6, Suppl., 261 – 273. New, D. A. T., 1955. A new technique for the culture of the chick embryo in vitro. J. Embryol. Exp. Morph., 3, 326 – 331. Rosenquist, G. C., 1966. A radioautographic study of labelled grafts in the chick blastoderm. Development from primitive-streak stages to stage 12. Carnegie Inst. Washington, Publ. 625. Contributions to Embryology, 38, 71 – 110. Spratt, N. T. Jr., 1955. Analysis of the organizer center in the early chick embryo. I. Localization of prospective notochord and somite cells. J. Exp. Zool., 128, 121 – 164. Spratt, N. T. Jr., 1957. Analysis of the organizer center in the early chick embryo. II. Studies of the mechanics of notochord elongation and somite formation. J. Exp. Zool., 134, 577 – 612. Waddington, C. H., 1952. The Epigenetics of Birds. Cambridge Univ. Press. Yamada, M., 1964. Reproduction cycle of cancer cell. Protein, Nucleic Acid, and Enzyme (in Japanese), 9, 1153 – 1161. Volume10, Issue3-4February 1969Pages 297-311 ReferencesRelatedInformation