Series Of Images Research Articles

Spontaneous regression of an interhemispheric arachnoid cyst: illustrative case.

Intracranial arachnoid cysts are benign collections of cerebrospinal fluid that are often asymptomatic and discovered incidentally. An interhemispheric location of these lesions is rare, with only a few such cases reported in the literature. Though spontaneous regression of arachnoid cysts has been described in other locations, to date this phenomenon has not been reported in interhemispheric fissure cysts. In this report, we describe a patient with a large, multiloculated interhemispheric arachnoid cyst diagnosed on prenatal ultrasound. She did not exhibit neurologic deficits or signs of increased intracranial pressure and was observed with serial imaging. After several years of observation, imaging revealed spontaneous and progressive decrease in the cyst size. We illustrate a case of regression of an interhemispheric arachnoid cyst in a pediatric patient. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of spontaneous shrinkage of an arachnoid cyst in this location. Although the current presentation is rare, this reporting adds to the current understanding of natural history of arachnoid cysts and provides an example of radiographical improvement without intervention of a cyst located within the interhemispheric fissure.

Myositis ossificans mimicking bone surface osteosarcoma: case report with literature review.

Myositis ossificans, a benign tumor composed of spindle cells and osteoblasts, can clinically and radiologically mimic osteosarcoma. While recognition and accurate diagnosis of myositis ossificans can be a challenge, this is critical as it may allow a conservative surgical approach to maximize functional outcomes. Herein, we present a patient with surface myositis ossificans confirmed genetically by the presence of COL1A1::USP6 gene fusion, along with a literature review. Due to the enhanced visualization of the bone matrix, computed tomography (CT) imaging may be a superior imaging modality to magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Staged biopsies with samples obtained from the periphery and center of the lesions may allow pathologists to discern the zonal distribution histologically. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry fluorescence in situ hybridization and molecular testing can aid in the distinction of myositis ossificans from mimics. Because of their resemblance to other bone tumors, these cases of myositis ossificans highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach integrating clinical, radiologic, and pathologic analysis and involving serial imaging, sampling, and judicious use of ancillary immunohistochemical and molecular testing.

Management of Neonatal Hepatic Hemangiomas: A Single-Center Experience Focused on Challenging Cases

Background: Management of hepatic hemangioma (HH) in infancy ranges from close monitoring to surgical resection. We analyzed the clinical characteristics and outcomes of HH according to its treatment options, with particular focus on challenging cases. Methods: Data of patients diagnosed with HHs in their first year of life and followed up for at least 1 year were retrospectively reviewed and divided into treatment and observation groups. Serial imaging results, serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, medications, and clinical outcomes were compared. The detailed clinical progress in the treatment group was reviewed separately. Results: A total of 87 patients (75 in the observation group and 12 in the treatment group) were included. The median HH size at the initial diagnosis and the maximum size were significantly larger in the treatment group than the observation group (2.2 [0.5–10.3] cm vs. 1.0 [0.4–4.0] cm and 2.1 [0.7–13.2] vs. 1.1 [0.4–4.0], respectively; all p < 0.05]. The median initial and last serum AFP levels were significantly higher in the treatment group than in the observation group (76,818.7 vs. 627.2 and 98.4 vs. 8.7, respectively; all p < 0.05). Serum AFP levels in both groups rapidly declined during the first 3 months of life and were almost undetectable after 6 months. Among the challenging cases, a large (14 × 10 × 6.5 cm sized) focal HH was successfully treated using stepwise medical-to-surgical treatment. Conclusions: Patients with large HH and mild symptoms can be treated using stepwise pharmacotherapy. More aggressive surgical treatment of tumors unresponsive to initial pharmacotherapy may help shorten the treatment period and improve outcomes.

Pulmonary vein thrombosis: Clinical presentation and outcomes

BackgroundPulmonary vein thrombosis (PVT) is a rare thromboembolic disease with potential high-risk complications related to arterial embolization, but little is known regarding risk factors and outcomes. ObjectiveTo describe the etiology, management, and clinical course of PVT. MethodsInstitutional health records were queried (1/1/2001–12/30/2023) to identify patients ≥18 years of age diagnosed with PVT. Thrombosis, bleeding, respiratory failure, and all-cause mortality were analyzed. Suspected tumor thrombus cases were excluded. Results72 patients with PVT were identified (median age 62 years, 50 % female), and PVT was overall rare at 3.1 diagnosed cases per year at our institution. PVT primarily affected a single vein (89 %), most commonly the left upper PV (40 %). Of these, 37 % occurred while on therapeutic anticoagulation. The most common risk factors included cancer (55 %) and related surgical lobectomy (21 %). Extrinsic vein compression (17 %) and recent surgery (19 %) were also common; 19 % were deemed idiopathic. Most patients (76 %) were treated with anticoagulation and frequently indefinite duration (80 %). During a median follow-up of 11.7 months (IQR 39.5 months), serial imaging (available for 68 %) revealed PVT resolution in 64 %. Four-year Kaplan-Meier probability of outcome included: left atrial thrombus (21 %), need for mechanical ventilation (14 %), pneumonia (9 %), and ischemic stroke (9 %). The mortality rate was 46 % with median survival 14 months after PVT diagnosis. ConclusionPVT is often associated with active malignancy, lobectomy, recent surgery, and extrinsic vein compression; 1 in 5 cases were idiopathic. Notable complications include left atrial thrombus with arterial embolism including stroke. With anticoagulation, most thrombi resolve over time. Mortality rates are high, reflecting the high the prevalence of cancer.

Critical Examination of 3D Building Modelling through UAV Frame and Video Imaging

Abstract. Data capture in UAV photogrammetry is carried out using two main methodologies: frame frame-based and video video-based. Frame Frame-based data gathering is the preferred method among UAV projects because to its inherent reliability in calibration. Nonetheless, circumstances involving moving objects or occlusions inside the measured region may produce unsatisfactory results utilizing this method. I In response to these challenges, video video-based data collecting appears as a potential option, capable of creating a series of successive images that together alleviate the constraints outlined above. In this study we aim to compare the usefulness of frame and video images in building 3D models, using both oblique and vertical image orientations. Rigorous evaluations produced many outputs, including dense point clouds, digital surface models (DSM), meshes, and orthophotographs. The evaluation criteria included da ta acquisition velocity, processing efficiency, calibration precision, distortion analysis, residual plots, scale correctness, and reprojection error. The empirical results demonstrated the advantages of video video-frame captures in improving the quality of the resulting 3D models. Notably, the use of video frames resulted in a significant reduction in reprojection error by 16%, calibration residuals by 36%, distortions by up to 51%, and processing time by 27%. Thus, it seems that integrating video frames improves data gathering accuracy and speeds up processing, replacing standard frame images with video counterparts for increased efficacy.

Predictors of late lumen enlargement after drug-coated balloon angioplasty for de novo coronary lesions.

Late lumen enlargement (LLE) - a positive remodelling phenomenon - after drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty for stable coronary disease contributes to a lower restenosis rate. However, lesion characteristics promoting LLE remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate predictive lesion characteristics for LLE using serial optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) following DCB angioplasty for de novo coronary artery lesions. This retrospective, single-centre observational study included patients with angina pectoris who underwent paclitaxel-coated balloon angioplasty without stenting under OFDI guidance as well as follow-up OFDI. OFDI endpoints were lumen volume, plaque phenotype, and procedure-associated dissection. LLE was defined as a ≥10% increase in the lumen volume of the treated lesion at follow-up. Between August 2016 and December 2019, among patients with successful DCB angioplasty, 108 lesions (83 patients) had available follow-up imaging after a median of 6.1 months. LLE was detected in 44 (40.7%) lesions. Fibrous/fibrocalcific and layered plaques had significantly larger lumen volumes at follow-up than immediately after the index procedure, whereas lipid plaques exhibited no significant difference. Medial dissection with an arc >90° revealed an increased lumen volume. Multivariate analysis showed that layered plaques (odds ratio [OR] 8.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.92-39.7; p=0.005) and medial dissection with an arc >90° (OR 4.65, 95% CI: 1.63-13.3; p=0.004) were independent LLE predictors. Layered plaques and extensive medial dissection after DCB angioplasty were associated with higher LLE occurrence in de novo coronary lesions. These findings may be clinically applicable to DCB therapeutic strategies based on plaque features.

A novel calibration method based on fixed multi-plane targets for cameras with large field of view

Abstract For camera calibration with large field of view (FOV), the accuracy is impacted by the size of the calibration targets. Considering the challenges associated with producing and carrying large targets, existing methods resort to using small targets to achieve calibration without high accuracy. In order to solve this problem, a photogrammetric calibration method based on the fixed multi-plane targets (FMPT) is proposed in this paper for cameras with large FOV. The FMPT is composed by multiple identical small planar targets, with fixed pose transformation relationships among planar targets. The proposed calibration method involves the following main steps. Firstly, the camera is moved several times to capture a series of images of FMPT. Secondly, the fixed pose transformation matrices of different small planar targets in FMPT are calculated through the initial parameters of camera. Finally, calibration based on photogrammetry is conducted, with a continuous optimization of camera intrinsic and extrinsic parameters based on the multiple 2D and 3D constraint in the FMPT. Simulation and real data experiments show that the calibration accuracy using the proposed method is much higher than that using a small target, and sightly higher than that using a large target. Furthermore, the experiments demonstrate the robust stability of this method, maintaining high calibration accuracy even in the presence of increased noise and error in target production.

The ASNR International Collaborations Committee: Cultivating a Global Learning Community.

The American Society of Neuroradiology has expanded its global presence, driven by the efforts of the International Collaborations Committee. This committee is actively involved in training radiologists and fostering collaborations worldwide in the fields of education, research, and community service. This article explores key initiatives of the committee, such as the Anne G. Osborn ASNR International Outreach Professor Program, the International Imaging Series, and Virtual Reading Rooms. Additionally, we provide insight into recent developments related to the pandemic and outline future opportunities.

Natural History of Myocardial αvβ3 Integrin Expression After Acute Myocardial Infarction: Correlation with Changes in Myocardial Blood Flow.

Angiogenesis is an essential part of the cardiac repair process after myocardial infarction, but its spatiotemporal dynamics remain to be fully deciphered.68Ga-NODAGA-Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) is a PET tracer targeting αvβ3 integrin expression, which is a marker of angiogenesis. Methods: In this prospective single-center trial, we aimed to monitor angiogenesis through myocardial integrin αvβ3 expression in 20 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). In addition, the correlations between the expression levels of myocardial αvβ3 integrin and the subsequent changes in 82Rb PET/CT parameters, including rest and stress myocardial blood flow (MBF), myocardial flow reserve (MFR), and wall motion abnormalities, were assessed. The patients underwent 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD PET/CT and rest and stress 82Rb-PET/CT at 1 wk, 1 mo, and 3 mo after STEMI. To assess 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD uptake, the summed rest 82Rb and 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD images were coregistered, and segmental SUVs were calculated (RGD SUV). Results: At 1 wk after STEMI, 19 participants (95%) presented increased 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD uptake in the infarcted myocardium. Seventeen participants completed the full imaging series. The values of the RGD SUV in the infarcted myocardium were stable 1 mo after STEMI (1 wk vs. 1 mo, 1.47 g/mL [interquartile range (IQR), 1.37-1.64 g/mL] vs. 1.47 g/mL [IQR, 1.30-1.66 g/mL]; P = 0.9), followed by a significant partial decrease at 3 mo (1.32 g/mL [IQR, 1.12-1.71 g/mL]; P = 0.011 vs. 1 wk and 0.018 vs. 1 mo). In segment-based analysis, positive correlations were found between RGD SUV at 1 wk and the subsequent changes in stress MBF (Spearman ρ: r = 0.17, P = 0.0033) and MFR (Spearman ρ: r = 0.31, P < 0.0001) at 1 mo. A negative correlation was found between RGD SUV at 1 wk and the subsequent changes in wall motion abnormalities at 3 mo (Spearman ρ: r = -0.12, P = 0.035). Conclusion: The present study found that αvβ3 integrin expression is significantly increased in the infarcted myocardium 1 wk after STEMI. This expression remains stable after 1 mo and partially decreases after 3 mo. Initial αvβ3 integrin expression at 1 wk is significantly weakly correlated with subsequent improvements in stress MBF, MFR, and wall motion analysis.

Deep Siamese Network for annual change detection in Beijing using Landsat satellite data

The detection of spatiotemporal changes in land use/land cover (LULC-SC) plays a paramount role in the analysis of smart cities, it can describe complex urban distribution, functions, and patterns. Chinas capital city has been developing rapidly in the past two decades, however, there are only few long-term studies on an annual scale of LULC-SC. To fill this research gap, we propose a remote sensing parallel framework for the detection of LULC-SC based on the combination of the Deep Siamese Network and long time series, which focuses on the spatial semantic information at the object level. A Landsat time series from 2002 to 2022 serves as input satellite data. First, we focus on building graph constructions at the object level and then use an autonomously constructed deeper-feature graph convolutional network (DF-GCN) to mine deeper features, spatial semantic, and relationships at the object level. Finally, the Siamese Network recognizes the changes in the spatial semantic tensors of long time series of Landsat images and quickly maps LULC-SC. The results prove that the proposed spatiotemporal change detection framework is effective in LULC-SC in Beijing. Compared with other networks, the optimal accuracy of semantic mining based on DF-GCN can reach about 90%. Over the past two decades, the LULC-SC of Beijing has changed in a complex way, with urbanization occurring primarily through the replacement of farmland. Consequently, the proposed framework can generate accurate LULC change maps at high temporal frequencies, which can contribute to a better comprehension of sustainable urban development and planning.

Signal-to-noise ratio versus field strength for small surface coils.

The increasing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is the main reason to use ultrahigh field MRI. Here, we investigate the dependence of the SNR on the magnetic field strength, especially for small animal applications, where small surface coils are used and coil noise cannot be ignored. Measurements were performed at five field strengths from 3 to 14.1 T, using 2.2-cm surface coils with an identical coil design for transmit and receive on two water samples with and without salt. SNR was measured in a series of spoiled gradient echo images with varying flip angle and corrected for saturation based on a series of flip angle and T1 measurements. Furthermore, the noise figure of the receive chain was determined and eliminated to remove instrument dependence. Finally, the coil sensitivity was determined based on the principle of reciprocity to obtain a measure for ultimate SNR. Before coil sensitivity correction, the SNR increase in nonconductive samples is highly supralinear with B0 1.6-2.7, depending on distance to the coil, while in the conductive sample, the growth is smaller, being around linear close to the surface coil and increasing up to a B0 2.0 dependence when moving away from the coil. After sensitivity correction, the SNR increase is independent of loading with B0 2.1. This study confirms the supralinear increase of SNR with increasing field strengths. Compared with most human measurements with larger coil sizes, smaller surface coils, as mainly used in animal studies, have a higher contribution of coil noise and thus a different behavior of SNR at high fields.

Visualizing the gas-sensitive structure of the CuZn surface in methanol synthesis catalysis

Methanol formation over Cu/ZnO catalysts is linked with a catalytically active phase created by contact between Cu nanoparticles and Zn species whose chemical and structural state depends on reaction conditions. Herein, we use variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy at elevated pressure conditions combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements to investigate the surface structures and chemical states that evolve when a CuZn/Cu(111) surface alloy is exposed to reaction gas mixtures. In CO2 hydrogenation conditions, Zn stays embedded in the CuZn surface, but once CO gas is added to the mixture, the Zn segregates onto the Cu surface. The Zn segregation is CO-induced, and establishes a new dynamic state of the catalyst surface where Zn is continually exchanged at the Cu surface. Candidates for the migrating few-atom Zn clusters are further identified in time-resolved imaging series. The findings point to a significant role of CO affecting the distribution of Zn in the multiphasic ZnO/CuZn/Cu catalysts.

Perceptibility and acceptability of lightness difference of a single maxillary central incisor.

The aim of this study was to assess the lightness difference perceptibility and acceptability thresholds, for a single maxillary central incisor, and to investigate possible differences in these thresholds regarding the direction (+ΔL* vs. -ΔL*), the observer group (dentists vs. laypersons), and the gender and age of the observers. A series of images with varying lightness (L*), were created by altering the right maxillary central incisor of a male Caucasian, on a frontal view full-portrait image. Digital modification of one central incisor by 1 ΔL* unit resulted in 15 different images: one control, seven with increased and seven with decreased lightness. The images were presented in random order, on a digitally calibrated monitor, to 158 observers, grouped into 79 dentists, and 79 laypersons, who were asked to evaluate every image and answer whether they perceive a difference and if yes, whether they accept this difference. A multifactorial analysis of covariance was performed to analyze the perception and acceptance of any difference in the central incisors and to estimate the thresholds. The statistical significance level was α = 0.05. Overall, the magnitude of ΔL*, direction of ΔL*, observer group and age were each significant (p < 0.001), as was gender (p = 0.03). The effect of the magnitude of ΔL* interacted with its direction and the observer group (p = 0.045), and the effect of age interacted with the direction of ΔL*, and the gender and the group of the observers. Estimated 50%:50% perceptibility thresholds ranged from 0.1 to 2.7, and 50%:50% acceptability thresholds ranged from 2.3 to 4.5. Overall, dentists perceived lightness differences at lower magnitudes than laypersons; difference in lightness was perceived and accepted at lower magnitudes when the tooth become lighter instead of darker; and female observers perceived and accepted lightness differences at lower magnitudes compared to males. As age increased overall, differences of lightness were perceived and accepted at higher magnitudes. Perceptibility and acceptability of lightness differences of a single maxillary central incisor are affected by the magnitude and the direction of lightness change, as well as the gender, the age, and the type of the observers. Even small changes in lightness are perceivable; however, thresholds of perception and acceptance are dependent on the magnitude and the direction of change and are also dependent on the observer, with women, dentists and younger people perceiving and accepting changes at lower magnitudes of ΔL*.

Sclerosing Angiomatoid Nodular Transformation (SANT) Involving Spleen: A Case Report

Background: Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) also known as multinodular haemangioma is a recently recognized, rare non-neoplastic vascular sclerosing mass-like lesion of the spleen with uncertain etiology, presents most commonly as an asymptomatic splenic mass found incidentally on imaging studies but may cause abdominal pain or discomfort, leading to splenectomy, as the risk of rupture and malignancy cannot securely be ruled out. Diagnosis is made postoperatively on histology. Case report: We report a case of 64-years old man, with incidentally detected splenic lesion on imaging who underwent elective splenectomy and was diagnosed postoperatively on histological examination. The post-operative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on POD9. Conclusion: SANT of the spleen although rare, is to be considered as a differential diagnosis of splenic vascular lesions. Further research should focus on clinical and radiological characteristics and consideration of observation with serial imaging as an alternative approach. Open or laparoscopic splenectomy is still known to be curative as it is both therapeutic and diagnostic.

Nuclear Localization Signal Enhances the Targeting and Therapeutic Efficacy of a Porphyrin-Based Molecular Cargo: A Systemic In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation.

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the potential of a nuclear localization signal (NLS) toward facilitating intracellular delivery and enhancement in the therapeutic efficacy of the molecular cargo. Toward this, an in-house synthesized porphyrin derivative, namely, 5-carboxymethyelene-oxyphenyl-10,15,20-tris(4-methoxyphenyl) porphyrin (UTriMA), was utilized for conjugation with the NLS sequence [PKKKRKV]. The three compounds synthesized during the course of the present work, namely DOTA-Lys-NLS, DOTA-UTriMA-Lys-NLS, and DOTA-Lys-UTriMA, were evaluated for cellular toxicity in cancer cell lines (HT1080), wherein all exhibited minimal dark toxicity. However, during photocytotoxicity studies with DOTA-Lys-UTriMA and DOTA-UTriMA-Lys-NLS conjugates in the same cell line, the latter exhibited significantly higher light-dependent toxicity compared to the former. Furthermore, the photocytotoxicity for DOTA-UTriMA-Lys-NLS in a healthy cell line (WI26VA4) was found to be significantly lower than that observed in the cancer cells. Fluorescence cell imaging studies carried out in HT1080 cancer cells revealed intracellular accumulation for the NLS-conjugated porphyrin (DOTA-UTriMA-Lys-NLS), whereas unconjugated porphyrin (DOTA-Lys-UTriMA) failed to do so. To evaluate the radiotherapeutic effects of the synthesized conjugates, all three compounds were radiolabeled with 177Lu, a well-known therapeutic radionuclide with high radiochemical purity (>95%). During in vitro studies, the [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-UTriMA-Lys-NLS complex exhibited the highest cell binding as well as internalization among the three radiolabeled complexes. Biological distribution studies for the radiolabeled compounds were performed in a fibrosarcoma-bearing small animal model, wherein significantly higher accumulation and prolonged retention of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-UTriMA-Lys-NLS (9.32 ± 1.27% IA/g at 24 h p.i.) in the tumorous lesion compared to [177Lu]Lu-UTriMA-Lys-DOTA (2.3 ± 0.13% IA/g at 24 h p.i.) and [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-Lys-NLS complexes (0.26 ± 0.17% IA/g at 24 h p.i.) were observed. The results of the biodistribution studies were further corroborated by recording serial SPECT-CT images of fibrosarcoma-bearing Swiss mice administered with [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-UTriMA-Lys-NLS at different time points. Tumor regression studies performed with [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-UTriMA-Lys-NLS in the same animal model with two different doses [250 μCi (9.25 MBq) and 500 μCi (18.5 MBq)] resulted in a significant reduction in tumor mass in the treated group of animals. The above results revealed a definite enhancement in the targeting ability of molecular cargo upon conjugation with NLS and hence indicated that this strategy may be helpful for the preparation of drug-NLS conjugates as multimodal agents.

Visualising the 2020s UK cost‐of‐living crisis

Visualising the 2020s <scp>UK</scp> cost‐of‐living crisis

Satellite-based soybean yield prediction in Argentina: A comparison between panel regression and deep learning methods

The accurate prediction of soybean yield is vital for global food market stabilization and food security. Recent advancements in remote sensing technology have significantly amplified interest in leveraging satellite-based methods for predicting crop yield. These methods offer in-season yield estimates. By utilizing this timely information, decision-makers can formulate strategic, well-informed choices that preemptively mitigate potential food price hikes, ultimately bolstering food security. While simple regression models have been widely utilized for satellite-based yield prediction, researchers have recently begun to explore the use of deep learning algorithms. This study compares the performance of panel regression and deep learning models for in-season soybean yield prediction at the Department (county-equivalent) level in Argentina. Data sources include the latest soybean land use products and MODIS bi-weekly vegetation index products. Results indicate that deep learning models significantly outperform panel regression. Deep learning Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models, which incorporate attention mechanism and a series of peak NDVI images, generate more accurate and time-sensitive predictions. Among competing LSTM models, the one with attention mechanism applied to the entire growing season's NDVI data yields the highest prediction accuracy, with a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 505.78 kg/ha and Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE) of 0.0726. The LSTM model with attention on the three highest NDVI images attains a satisfactory prediction accuracy (RMSE = 627.28 kg/ha, NRMSE = 0.089) six weeks prior to harvest. This study presents a robust model for predicting crop yields, promoting sustainable production of soybeans and facilitating knowledgeable choices among farmers and policymakers.

Serial Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with Mitral Valve Prolapse-A Single-Center Retrospective Registry.

Background: Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and mitral annular disjunction (MAD) are common valvular abnormalities that have been associated with ventricular arrhythmias (VA). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has a key role in risk stratification of VA, including assessment of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). Methods: Single-center retrospective analysis of patients with MVP or MAD who had >1 CMR and >1 24 h Holter registration available. Data are presented in detail, including evolution of VA and presence of LGE over time. Results: A total of twelve patients had repeated CMR and Holter registrations available, of which in four (33%) patients, it was conducted before and after minimal invasive mitral valve repair (MVR). After a median of 4.7 years, four out of eight (50%) patients without surgical intervention had new areas of LGE. New LGE was observed in the papillary muscles and the mid to basal inferolateral wall. In four patients, presenting with syncope or high-risk non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT), programmed ventricular stimulation was performed and in two (50%), sustained monomorphic VT was easily inducible. In two patients who underwent MVR, new LGE was observed in the basal inferolateral wall of which one presented with an increased burden of VA. Conclusions: In patients with MVP and MAD, repeat CMR may show new LGE in a small subset of patients, even shortly after MVR. A subgroup of patients who presented with an increase in VA burden showed new LGE upon repeat CMR. VA in patients with MVP and MAD are part of a heterogeneous spectrum that requires further investigation to establish risk stratification strategies.

Statistical shape analysis of the lentiform nucleus of children of different age groups: a retrospective study.

The basal nuclei are important during infancy because of the significant development of motor skills. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the shape differences of the lentiform nucleus between different age and gender groups. A total of 126 children's axial magnetic resonance image series were included in the presented study. These images were grouped between 1 and 5yr old. Right and left lentiform nuclei are marked with selected landmarks using TPSDIG v2.04. Statistical shape analyses were examined by a Generalized Procrustes Analysis. Our results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in lentiform nucleus shape between genders. However, there was a difference between the shapes of the right and left lentiform nuclei between the 1-yr and 5-yr age groups. These results demonstrated the shape changes in the lentiform nucleus during the first 5yr of life. Further clinical studies based on our results may be used to gather more detailed information about movement disorders and neuronal development.

Mapping and Predicting Cassava Mosaic Disease Outbreaks Using Earth Observation and Meteorological Data-driven Approaches

Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD) poses a significant threat to cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) production, both globally and in Thailand. Caused by the Cassava Mosaic Begomovirus (CMB), CMD conventional detection methods involve field-based visual assessment and mapping, which can be time-consuming and labour-intensive.In this study, field-based surveys have been conducted during the early wet season cassava planting period in three different productive regions of Thailand. Five classification models (namely ANN, RF, XGBoost, SVM, and Ensemble learning) were employed to predict CMD occurrence with various sets of optimized predictive meteorological and remote sensing features. Field based CMD observations have been used for modelling validation and accuracy assessment.Utilizing time series of Sentinel-2 MSI Level-2A images, we estimate cassava start of season (SOS) across both before and after planting periods on a gridded basis. Establishing meteorological and remote sensing time frames, we aggregate predictive features through different temporal windows. Employing interactive and multistage correlation analysis, along with feature importance ranking, we optimize the selection of predictive features, effectively reducing multicollinearity. The Ensemble model and the usage of combined meteorological and remote sensing optimized predictive features showed best prediction results achieving an overall accuracy of 90%, F1-score of 0.90, Matthews Correlation Coefficient of 0.71, unit-normalized MCC* of 0.85, and an average central actual accuracy of approximately 0.85.Observed CMD patterns demonstrate that soil-crop suitability and farming practices (including the use of most CMD susceptible cultivars) significantly influence the CMD spread in selected farming areas. However, modelling analysis revealed that, among several meteorological features, CMD occurrence is associated with predominant winds blowing across the entire before and after planting periods, mainly from the first quadrant, and to a lesser extent, humidity. Notably, higher disease incidence areas corresponded with SOS events in January and February. In predicting CMD, individual S2-MSI bands were not crucial, but NDVI and EVI emerged as the most explanatory remote sensing features, followed by GNDVI and PSRI indices.The study’s findings highlight that coupling CMD occurrence modelling, combined remote sensing and meteorological data with conventional field-based observations may significantly enhance targeted disease management protocols and assessing potential impacts on cassava yields.