Series Of Causes Research Articles

BEHAVIORISM IN AYU UTAMI’S NOVEL SAMAN

Behavior is a series of causes and effects of the stimulus and response. The response occurs as a result of the given stimulus. In this regard, this study aims to dissect changes in the behavior of the major characters through stimulus and responses that occur in Ayu Utami's novel Saman. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with a literary psychology approach supported by Skinner's theory of behaviorism. According to Skinner, the relationship between stimulus and response occurs through interaction with the environment, which then causes changes in behavior. The data collection technique used in this research is library study. The data analysis technique in this research is descriptive qualitative which begins with data analysis, description of the classification results, and conclusions. The results show that the major characters in this novel experience behavioral changes through the perspective of stimulus and response related to two points of discussion: parental advice and love. In one case heeding parental advice brings good to others and in another disaster; so is love, one runs with risk and the other goes smoothly.

Ketidaksetujuan terhadap Interpretasi Pendamaian Stoa dan Kekristenan dalam Pemikiran Justus Lipsius

Justus Lipsius drew up an intellectual project to reconcile stoic thought with Christianity. In this project, Lipsius started with two assumptions. First, Stoicism's “divine fire” as the highest principle is to be explained by making reference to Scripture where God manifests himself through fire. Second, destiny is a manifestation and an expression of Divine Providence that plays an important part in concrete situations. Has Justus Lipsius been successful at reconciling the Stoics and Christianity? This paper is intended to address this question using a literature review approach. The author goes through the philosophical thoughts of neo-stoicism, Justus Lipsius. Basically, Stoicism showed differences to Christianity. Stoicians believe that the Divine is material. Destiny and divine providence become one. Both are a series of causes that bring matters to mechanical work. Consequently, the space for freedom is almost nonexistent because stoic humans wish to align themselves with Nature fully. Christianity tells the opposite. God is nonmaterial, and the nuances of human freedom are held in high regard. As a result, Lipsius could not reconcile the Stoics with Christianity.

Role of cardiac MRI in the diagnosis of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced cardiotoxicity is a rare immune-related adverse event (irAE) characterized by a high mortality rate. From a pathological point of view, this condition can result from a series of causes, including binding of ICIs to target molecules on nonlymphocytic cells, cross-reaction of T lymphocytes against tumor antigens with off-target tissues, generation of autoantibodies and production of proinflammatory cytokines. The diagnosis of ICI-induced cardiotoxicity can be challenging, and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) represents the diagnostic tool of choice in clinically stable patients with suspected myocarditis. CMR is gaining a central role in diagnosis and monitoring of cardiovascular damage in cancer patients, and it is entering international cardiology and oncology guidelines. In this narrative review, we summarized the clinical aspects of ICI-associated myocarditis, highlighting its radiological aspects and proposing a novel algorithm for the use of CMR.

PEMBACAAN FALSAFAH WUJUDIYAH DALAM RELASI PEMIKIRAN HAMZAH FANSURI DAN MULLA SADRA

This paper is a literature review of the thoughts of Mulla Sadra and Hamzah Fansuri regarding the philosophical discourse of embodiment which is considered to have a relationship in the discourse of Islamic philosophy and the archipelago. This paper aims to read and explain the philosophical relation of the embodiment of Hamzah Fansuri and Mulla Sadra as models of Nusantara and Islamic thought which are seen as having a relationship or similarity. By using a descriptive analysis approach, it is concluded that being in the view of Hamzah Fansuri and Mulla Sadra is seen as a source of existence that is one in diversity. One source of existence is understood as existence that presents various entities outside of itself. Mulla Sadra and Hamzah Fansuri understand that the universe consists of a series of causes and effects that imply the diversity of existence in reality. The diversity of existence comes from the main cause called wājib al-wūjūd which describes existence as the source of one being in diversity. The result of this paper is to read the urgency of Hamzah Fansuri's and Mulla Sadra's philosophy of being who is seen as having a relationship or similarity in philosophical civilization, as well as tracing the interaction of the discourses of Nusantara and Islamic thought.

Prospects for the creation and use of paired and multiple correlation and regression models in beekeeping

In animal husbandry, including beekeeping, there are a growing number of independent consultancy services to analyse the performance of the industry in relation to disease monitoring status and preventive measures to maintain proper bee family health. In order to provide expert advice, these services must always be backed up by quality data and accurate statistical analysis. It would give clear instructions on how to interpret the results obtained when processing them, and show directions for improving disease prevention. Currently, there are problems related to improving the control of infectious diseases in bees, as various natural and anthropogenic factors have a multidirectional effect on the economic performance of beekeeping. There are also concerns about the control of infectious animal and insect diseases, which is a multifaceted series of causes due to natural and anthropogenic factors that have a polyvector effect on the economic performance of beekeeping. Therefore, the experimental application of different types of correlation and regression analysis in this industry by constructing pairwise and multivariate dependencies and their statistical interpretation was the aim of the paper. The correlation and regression model under study contains four sets of characteristics: result variable (y) - the amount of honey from 20 different apiaries in one season and factor variables: x1 - air temperature in the apiaries; x2 - amount of probiotic "Enteronormin Iodis + Se" to stimulate the immune system as one of the preventive methods; x3 - number of beehives in each apiary. Linear proportional relationships between apiary productivity and the factors included in the regression model are obtained. According to the results of the correlation-regression analysis, paired correlation coefficients showed that the relationship between air temperature in the apiary and produced honey is medium connection (r1 = 0,666), the relationship between the amount of probiotic applied per frame and produced honey is tight (close) connection (r2 = 0,813), the relationship between the number of beehives and produced honey is medium connection (r3 = 0,633). The regression coefficients show how the amount of honey produced in an apiary changes when each factor changes by one, with the other factors in the equation fixed. So, raising the temperature by 1 °C increases the honey production by 216 kg in each apiary, while increasing the concentration of "Enteronormin Iodis + Se" by 1 cm3 per beehive frame increases the nectar production by 1,12 kg for one hive. The coefficient of multiple determination (R2 = 0,954163) identifies a close relationship in the model created (95% of the factors investigated determine apiary performance). Therefore, modelling in the form of linear and multiple correlation and regression analysis is feasible in beekeeping. Key words: beekeeping, modeling, system analysis, factor and result characteristics.

Mortalità per cause cardiovascolari e respiratorie attribuibile all'esposizione alle emissioni di una centrale a carbone: una proposta per stimare l'accorciamento individuale di vita.

the exposure to a coal-fired power plant has been shown to increase mortality both for cardiovascular and respiratory causes among an exposed cohort in comparison with a cohort of unexposed. Hazard ratios between 1.30 and 1.90 were found for cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. to estimate the individual life shortening among the exposed due to power plant emissions. survival for cardiovascular and respiratory disease in the exposed vs unexposed groups was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. For each gender and exposure, a fictitious cohort with a cumulative 30-year follow up was built combining three subcohorts of age at entry of 55-64, 65-74, and 75-84 years, with 10 years of follow up each. Survivals at 10 years in the 55-64-year subcohort were used as initial risks for 65-74-year subcohort; then, survivals at 10 years of the 65-74-year subcohort were used as initial risk in the 75-84-year subcohort. Eventually, 30-years cumulative follow up cohorts were obtained by gender and exposure. Individual life-shortening in people exposed was estimated as time from death of an exposed subject to the subsequent time when the unexposed cohort reached the same risk of the exposed subject at that time of the death. Here, it is proposed a method to take into account causes other than those considered. 144,018 subjects aged 55-74 years at entry of both genders belonging to the open cohort of residents of 12 municipalities (including Savona) from 2001 to 2013 in the area where the coal-fired power plant of Vado-Quiliano (Liguria Region, Northern Italy) is located. individual life shortening. after 5 years of follow up, the individual life shortening due to cardiorespiratory causes varied between 972 and 1,822 days for males and from 612 and 1,578 days among females. Taking into account other causes of death, reduces slightly (3% for males of 75 years at death) the estimate of life shortening found in this study. The comparison between the cohorts requires that the exposed and unexposed groups are comparable, except for the exposure, and that causes other than those considered are taken into account. Socioeconomic status had been found to have little effect on cause-specific death risk indicating that, at least in terms of socioeconomic status, the exposed and unexposed groups were similar. Taking into account causes other than those considered slightly reduced the found estimates (3% at age 75 in males). According to the proposal, the life-shortening for the considered causes is easy to calculate and provides an individual indicator of damage. Inferring from group statistics individual estimates could be the most controversial point of this approach. The proposed estimates are the most credible estimate of individual damage for each occurred death among the exposed people. an increased hazard ratio for a wide series of causes is equivalent to a life shortening among the exposed. A method to produce reasonable estimates of life-shortening is proposed as the effect of exposure at individual level. This approach is simple and do not require sophisticated statistical tools. It appears a promising approach for other settings.

O Infinito Atual em Or Hashem de Hasdai Crescas (1340 -1411)

Este artigo enfoca a concepção de infinito atual do filósofo judeu medieval Hasdai Crescas (1340–1411), formuladas no livro Or Hashem (1410) às três primeiras proposições de Maimônides, tal como são enunciadas na segunda parte do Guia dos Perplexos. As teses de Maimônides têm como objetivo negar a possibilidade do infinito atual como magnitude imaterial ou material, como conjunto infinito de seres finitos e como série infinita de causa e efeito. Após uma breve exposição da trajetória dos conceitos de infinito nas diversas tradições sapienciais judaicas recebidas na Idade Média, indicamos como a argumentação em prol da ideia de infinito atual em Crescas dialoga com elas. Desse diálogo, emerge o conceito de infinito como singularidade atualizada paralelamente no real como vácuo infinito, lugar de coexistência de infinitos universos, e como infinito atual divino como Kavod, Glória, que preenche o universo infinito e como causa imanente da série infinita de causa e efeito que constitui a existência eterna dos seres contingentes. Na crítica à terceira proposição maimonidiana, a causa primeira é descrita como causa ontológica e imanente da série infinita de causas e efeitos. Nessa discussão, Crescas aponta para uma ideia de Deus muito diferente daquela elaborada por Maimônides. Temos aqui o debate judaico medieval entre os defensores da transcendência divina e os defensores da imanência. Esse tema é importante para a compreensão da recepção da obra de Hasdai Crescas por Picco Della Mirandolla, Bruno e Espinosa.

Jesuit Exegesis, Jacobean Theology, and the Scottish Church in the First Two Decades of the Seventeenth Century

This paper aims to sketch a little of the background history of the ideas behind the events that led to the martyrdom of John Ogilvie. In so doing, no pretense is made at reducing politics, religion, personal commitment and loyalty to one single ideological cause, nor, even worse, claim that ideologies drove people and events before them like skittles. The aim is more modest than that of tracing a series of causes and effects. If it fails to enmesh with the historical realities such as traced by eminent historians such as Durkan and Dilworth, 1 nevertheless it might still help in the interpretation of these lives and events.

Postmortem urine concentration of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in relation to the cause of death

The utility of biochemical marker analysis in forensic autopsy cases is still uncertain due to the postmortem changes which they undergo. Thus, research is required to elucidate alternative samples and biochemical markers which are less affected by postmortem changes. Levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are known to be elevated in congestive heart failure (CHF), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and sepsis patients. Although NT-proBNP is reportedly excreted into the urine, no study has previously evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of urinary concentrations in a forensic setting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of NT-proBNP concentration in urine obtained postmortem in a series of forensic autopsy cases. Methods: Urinary NT-proBNP was measured in 36 AMI, 10 CHF, and 19 sepsis cases, and in 124 control cases (all with postmortem interval [PMI]<72h). Results: Urinary NT-proBNP was significantly higher in AMI, CHF, and sepsis cases than in control cases. Cut-off values for diagnosing AMI, CHF, and sepsis-related fatalities were 98 (sensitivity, 55.6 %; specificity, 73.4 %), 1050 (sensitivity, 80.0 %; specificity, 94.4 %), and 363pg/mL (sensitivity, 84.2 %; specificity, 85.5 %), respectively. Furthermore, we subdivided the control cases according to the death process as either acute death (87 cases) or prolonged death cases (37 cases). Although urine NT-proBNP of CHF and sepsis cases were significantly higher compared with both cases, the concentration in the AMI cases were significantly high only when compared with the acute death cases. Conclusion: This study is the first to elucidate the diagnostic utility of NT-proBNP measurement in urine obtained postmortem in a series of causes of death. This study suggests the diagnostic efficacy for AMI, CHF, and sepsis-related fatality in cases in which the PMI was within 72h.

Revival of Indian Telecom PSUs through Mergers and Acquisitions (M&amp;As) and Corporate Innovation

There was a time when BSNL was the king of the Indian telecom industry and today it is not even able to pay the salaries to its employees. There are some series of causes like un-updated technology, huge employee cost, lack of management, hyper-competition, impaired marketing strategies that has led BSNL, a state-owned PSU, into deep trouble. This paper covers the present status of BSNL in comparison to its competitors. The study finds out the relevance of innovation and the importance of mergers and acquisitions in the telecom sector of India. In line with this, the study provides a strategic revival plan for BSNL to strengthen its financial position and performance. The outcome of the study is that the BSNL can revive itself by acquiring MTNL, by incorporating continuous innovation and by adopting innovative marketing strategies in its business.

Euro-Mediterranean Association: from the Barcelona process to the Union for the Mediterranean

The Mediterranean has been the priority direction in the politics of Spain in the post-Franco era. When Spain entered the EEC in 1986 and participated between 1990 and 2000 in the Barcelona Process and the founding of the Union for the Mediterranean, the Mediterranean accent of its policy became even clearer. The Spain of today’s stage shares, in broad strokes, the EU’s approaches to politics in the Mediterranean region. The Spanish School of Mediterranean Studies is represented by a series of fundamental works from the centers of the International Research Institute of Barcelona, the Autonomous University of Madrid and other specialized institutions. In our study, the publications of famous public figures from Spain that came to light in the Spanish magazine “Política Exterior” are particularly important. The UPM was founded on July 13, 2008, during the Paris Summit for the Mediterranean, which was attended by representatives of 43 nations. Its implementation, however, took time to complete. The obstacles to the operation of the project were due to a series of causes. They were provoked, first of all, by the disparity between the EU members and the Mediterranean countries, as well as by the consequences of the Arab Spring, by the challenges of the Arab-Israeli settlement, and by the EU’s policy regarding some states in the region, in particular, to Syria.Cooperation and development in the Mediterranean are the objective of the Union for the Mediterranean (UfM), an association that promotes peace and prosperity for an area with 750 million inhabitants.

Application of in Silico Tools in Clinical Practice using Ketoconazole as a Model Drug.

Hypochlorhydria is a condition where the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach is decreased. As a result, the intragastric pH is elevated. This condition can be due to a series of causes, such as disease (gastric mucosal infection caused by Helicobacter pylori and is prominent in AIDS patients), ethnicity, age and also the use of antisecretory agents. This may significantly impact the absorption of other drugs that have pH-dependent solubility, such as ketoconazole, a weak base. Within this context, the purpose of this study was to demonstrate how GastroPlusTM - a physiological based software program- can be used to predict clinical pharmacokinetics of ketoconazole in a normal physiological state vs. elevated gastric pH. A simple physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was built and validated to explore the impact that different physiologic conditions in the stomach (hypochlorhydria, drug administered with water and Coca Cola®) had on ketoconazole's bioavailability. The developed model was able to accurately predict the impact of increased pH and beverage co-administration on dissolution and absorption of the drug, and confirmed that complete gastric dissolution is essential. Particle size only mattered in hypochlorhydric conditions due to the incomplete gastric dissolution, as its absorption would depend on intestinal dissolution, which corroborates with previous studies. Therefore, in silico approaches are a potential tool to assess a pharmaceutical product's performance and efficacy under different physiological and pathophysiological states supporting the assessment of different dosing strategies in clinical practice.

A STUDY ON THE CAUSES OF STUDENTS’ DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOUR IN PRIMARY SCHOOL AND GYMNASIUM IN THE ROMANIAN EDUCATIONAL CONTEXT

School today lays emphasis on developing skills which should ensure for children solid integration into society. Discipline is one of the skills which must be underlain in school. An efficient approach of discipline teaches students to assume responsibility and self-discipline. However, there have always been children who, for various reasons, break the discipline rules. Practice in school has shown that the factors that contribute to disruptive behaviour are connected to continuous changes in the social environment, curriculum idiosyncrasies, individual differences, the teacher-student relationship,the teacher’s act in classroom, the relationships among children in classroom / school, antipathy towards school, the need for social recognition, social isolation, impulsive behaviour, affective transfer, aggression in classroom / school, anxiety, absence of academic success, boredom, etc.Our paper limits the research to a series of causes of students’ disruptive behaviour in primary school and gymnasium specific to the Romanian educational context. The data gathered provides information on the perspectives of teachers regarding the most relevant causes that affect discipline in classrooms. Their acknowledgement may be of help as it diminishes the time, the energy and the stress required to deal with inappropriate behaviour displayed by selecting efficient strategies to counterbalance it beforehand.

Malabarísticos e incuadrables: Sobre algunos procesos poco frecuentes en la formación neológica adjetiva

Traditionally, adjectival neology has been envisioned as a group of stable morphological processes, from a formal and semantic point of view that generated meaning units and easily predictable structures. However, it is not difficult to find adjectives neologisms that question this supposed stability. Based on a corpus composed by journalist texts written up during five years in a concrete geographical context (Castilla y Leon, Spain), this article analyses a group of processes of adjectival neological formation, based in the suffixation, the prefixation, and the composition. The formal and semantic structure of the resulting adjectival neologisms question the traditional postulates about the formation of this type of units, at the same time that shows the existence of new processes of lexical creation. To conclude, a series of causes that may underlie the variety of reviewed processes are suggested.

A Study of Unnatural Deaths During the Difficult Three Year Period in China, 1959–1961

The popular view that the number of unnatural deaths in China during the Difficult Three Year Period (1959–1961) amounted to some 30 million is false, as shown by careful analysis. Taking the average death toll from 1955 to 1957 as the base number, and combining this with unreported deaths from 1953 to 1964 and subsequent corrections, it may be estimated that approximately four to five million people suffered unnatural deaths during the Difficult Three Year Period. These deaths had a complex series of causes. Starvation-caused deaths were the primary type, followed by weak disaster relief, and then by mistakes of local government in disaster relief. While the millions of unnatural deaths represent a lesson that needs to be reflected upon, the efforts which the Chinese government undertook to deal with the famine, as well as the results achieved, should not be forgotten.

CHALLENGES TO INCLUSION OF HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS IN STUDY/RESEARCH ACTIVITIES

Research activities proved to be the main pillar in every development and transformational process for every society, especially for the student development and transformation process. This research inquires the existing state of scientific research in higher education in Kosovo. In the process, it attempts to understand the problems and difficulties in this filed, as well as the ways to improve the existing state. Main purpose for this research was to draw conclusions and important information in relation to the size of academic and scientific research of higher education students in Kosovo, as well as the importance and the use of results of these researches in practice, including identification of existing problems and recommended appropriate alternative resolutions. Current conditions, especially in relation to investments in the field of student research in Kosovo, are not favorable, also, a general absence of research activities or relevant research activities is noticed, while the improvements in this field may produce extraordinary economic and social effects. Based on the research results, series of causes were identified, starting from the financial and lack of human resources. The purpose of this research is to serve as a platform for discussion and change in decision-making approach and processes in respective public and private institutions in relation to research. Article visualizations:

Reframing risk: a risk pathway method for identifying improvement through control and threat analysis

Abstract This paper describes the benefits of applying a risk pathway method as an evidence-based whole of supply chain risk assessment approach in the delivery of efficient and effective quality management frameworks for water. It presents a new approach for assessing water service provision risk that considers the chronology of the series of causes, impacts and consequences to business outcomes including reputational, public health and supply continuity. The approach allows assessment of the relationship between causes and impacts, the potential for threat convergence, and the appropriateness, effectiveness, interdependence and criticality of controls. The provision of whole-of-system risk visibility allows better targeting of controls along the supply chain in preventive, detective or corrective timeframes, and at local site to corporate business levels. The approach allows enabling functions of the business such as information technology, human resources and safety to be assessed within the context of supply quality and continuity. An example of the application of this method to provision of water services shows the benefits of the method. Application of the methodology to the assessment of the whole-of-business risk is discussed.

Необходима ли случайность? – размышления французских просветителей

The article clarifies the relationship between necessity and chance in history, it is viewed through the views of prominent French enlighteners – the materialists Holbach, Helvetius and Diderot. Holbach was one of the first in the 18th century who identified necessity and causality by attributing randomness to phenomena which causes we do not know. In his opinion, everything in the world is rigidly and unambiguous defined; if we know the cause of the present event, then we can think that it will be the cause of the next and so on. There is not a single particle of matter, not a single person that would not be where they should be and they should act exactly as they act, for this had been determined by the preceding series of causes. Holbach’s views had outstripped the findings of P. Laplace, who described the alleged Demon, who knew absolutely everything in the past and the future.It seems that the views of Helvetius, who defended the power of chance, refute the teaching of Holbach. But this is not so: if all that happens is necessary, then chance is just as necessary, and arguments of Helvetius are directed toward this goal. Helvetius focuses on education, proving that everything is determined by the case.Denis Diderot, reflecting on the way of thinking of his friends, comes to the conclusion that the arguments of necessity turn out to be the justifications of randomness, and vice versa, i.e. move from the thesis to the antithesis, and vice versa, and, in this way, open up a special, non-Hegelian dialectic in their reasoning. This is the subject of his dialogues “Le Neveu de Rameau” (Rameau’s nephew) and “Jacques le fataliste” (Jacques-fatalist).The reflections on French decisions make possible to outline the prospects for today’s researches of the problem. The works of V.S. Stepin have the great influence on the development of them.

Scientific Study of Balance (al-Mīzān) in the Light of Sūrah Al-Rahmān

This article is an attempt to elaborate the phenomenon of equilibrium prevailing everywhere in the microcosmic and macrocosmic systems associated with universal stability and rhythm. It has been accentuated what is beautifully illuminated in the beginning verses of Sūrah Al-Rahmān successively regarding balance that invites one’s thought towards the well controlled cosmic system as well as with the concept of balance by means of different manners as identified by exegetes and scholars concerning daily life i.e. from simple and common to that of complex issues and intricacies. Qualitative method has been employed for this research while some aspects have also been handled in accordance with quantitative approach. Article also emphasized the series of cause and effect nexus may be declared as self explanatory episode an indication towards a Supreme Force whose widespread control and interference can’t be denied rationally. Sūrah beautifully pictured the physical and metaphysical sketch of balance having many dimensions from man to universe and vice versa as well as from both towards Ultimate Reality whose dominion is limitless where one has to follow peaceful living and to put oneself aside indulging any disruption from ordinary clash to that of nuclear war to be waged.

PREVALENCE AND PREDICTORS OF LOW BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS IN YOUNG AGE

Актуальность. Рассеянный склероз – хроническое аутоиммунное прогрессирующее заболевание нервной системы, характеризующееся повышенным риском переломов, обусловленным рядом причин, включая низкую минеральную плотность костной ткани (МПКТ). Согласно данным литературы, больные рассеянным склерозом уже в молодом возрасте могут иметь МПКТ ниже возрастной нормы. Факторы, ассоциирующиеся с низкой МПКТ у таких больных, нуждаются в изучении. Цель – установить распространенность низкой МПКТ у больных рассеянным склерозом в молодом возрасте и выявить факторы, вызывающие ее снижение. Материал и методы. Критерием включения в исследование являлся возраст мужчин – от 18 до 50 лет, женщин – от 18 лет до периода наступления менопаузы. Обследовано 163 пациента с рассеянным склерозом, их средний возраст составил 36,1±7,6 года. Женщин было 111 (68,1%), мужчин – 52 (31,9%). Ремиттирующий рассеянный склероз был у 121 (74,2%) больного, вторично-прогрессирующий – у 37 (22,7%), первично-прогрессирующий – у 5 (3,1%). Медиана балла по расширенной шкале инвалидизации (Expanded Disability Status Scale – EDSS) составила 3,5 [интерквартильный размах Q25; Q75 – 2,0; 5,5]. Медиана продолжительности заболевания была 8,5 [5,0; 14,0] года. Измерение МПКТ проводилось методом двуэнергетической рентгеновской абсорбциометрии. Исследование проведено в двух точках скелета: поясничном отделе позвоночника и проксимальном отделе бедра. Результаты. Снижение МПКТ ниже возрастной нормы по Z-критерию выявлено у 30 (18,4%) пациентов. Индекс массы тела (отношение шансов (OШ) 0,8; 95% доверительный интервал (ДИ) 0,7-0,9; p=0,001), продолжительность заболевания (OШ 1,1; 95% ДИ 1,0-1,2; p=0,023), число курсов глюкокортикостероидов (ОШ 1,3; 95% ДИ 1,0-1,6; р=0,03), курение (ОШ 2,7; 95% ДИ 1,0-7,2; р=0,04) являются независимыми факторами низкой МПКТ в исследованной популяции больных рассеянным склерозом. Заключение. У каждого четвертого больного рассеянным склерозом в молодом возрасте снижена МПКТ. Значимыми факторами, влияющими на МПКТ в исследованной популяции больных рассеянным склерозом молодого возраста, оказались продолжительность заболевания, низкий индекс массы тела, прием глюкокортикостероидов и курение.