Seribu Archipelago Research Articles

The abundance of reef fish based on ecological role and trophic level on Kaliage Island, Seribu Archipelago, DKI Jakarta

A popular tourist destination known for its colorful coral reefs is Kaliage Island, part of the Seribu Archipelago. The UVC (Underwater Visual Census) method was used in a recent study to examine reef fishes’ trophic levels, ecological roles, and community structure. Dominance, evenness, and diversity indices were used to investigate community structure. The results revealed 3,117 fish from 54 species, 16 families, and 32 genera on the reef. The two most notable species within the family Pomacentridae were Pomacentrus alexanderae and Amblyglyphidodon curacao. Fish with major, target, and indicator functions accounted for 85.98 percent, 11.29 percent, and 2.73 percent of the fish population with ecological roles, respectively. The trophic distribution of fishes revealed that 45.01 percent were omnivores, 23.10 percent were planktivores, 19.19 percent were carnivores, 9.46 percent were herbivores, and 3.24 percent were coral eaters. The analysis showed that the reef fish community was balanced and not dominated by any species, with diversity, evenness, and dominance indices of 2.53, 0.87, and 0.01, respectively. For conservation efforts throughout the Seribu Archipelago, this study provides important insights into the stability and health of the reef ecosystem on Kaliage Island.

Assessment of habitat and reef fish population characteristics in Pari Island cluster waters Seribu Archipelago Indonesia

The Pari Island Cluster, located on the Southside of the Seribu Archipelago, is bordered by Jakarta and Tangerang Regency is covered Pari, Kudus, and Tikus Islands. The Pari Island cluster has potential ecosystems, such as coral reefs, seagrass, and mangrove. The presentation of this article is an overview of the results of research conducted by the Research Institute for Marine Fisheries and the Research Institute for Fisheries Enhancement, The Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resources. This study aims to present and describe habitat and reef fish populations. The assessment result shows that the criteria for the coral reefs’ health were poor to good, mostly moderate, the best in the southeast and northeast waters, which had been designated MPAs. Reef fish population density on the criteria was very rare or low at all observation sites. The dominant group was Caesio cuning, Cephalopholis boenak, Scarus ghobban (target group), and Chaetodon octofasciatus (indicator group). The implementation hopes Pari Island Cluster waters would expand to be designated MPAs due to the large number of care areas used for fishing territories.

The effect of coral transplantation on the community structure of reef fish on Harapan Island, Seribu Archipelago, Jakarta

Coral reef degradation in Indonesia is increasingly alarming. For this reason, efforts are needed to rehabilitate coral reef ecosystems. In this study, we explained the effect of coral transplantation on the structure of coral fish communities in the waters of Harapan Island, precisely on Rosa and Pamegaran Island, Seribu Archipelago National Park. The study of the reef fish community structure was carried out for 8 weeks from February 2019 to April 2019. This study was conducted by scuba diving to dive directly into the coral transplant sites. During the study period, a total of 35 species (14 families) were observed. There is an increase in fish abundance per 50m² which is significant over time for 8 weeks of observation (α 0.05). Significant differences in abundance of reef fish also occurred between the two islands (α 0.05), indicating that differences in the depth of the location of coral transplants can also affect the abundance of reef fish. It can be concluded that coral transplantation efforts succeeded in increasing the abundance of individual reef fish on both coral transplantation islands.

Improving Service Coverage and Response Times for Three-Wheeled Mobile Fire Units on Pari Island, Indonesia

Improved service area coverage and response times by mobile fire response units is key to successful fire suppression and risk reduction. In this paper, the challenges of fire suppression in remote island communities are investigated. Small islands not only have limited firefighting equipment and resources but also face significant transportation problems. This study examines Pari, an island in the Pulau Seribu archipelago in Indonesia, to understand the planning and management of mobile fire units (MFUs) for improving effective response and suppression. Like other communities in developing countries, Pari Island uses small three-wheeled MFU vehicles to respond to emergencies in densely populated settlements with narrow roads and limited access. This study reviews environmental, roadway, vehicle, and operating requirements to support planning, management, and operations of MFUs. Service area coverages were estimated using geographic information system tools to investigate factors such as hose length and constraints based on the transportation infrastructure and exposure to fire hazards. Based on existing conditions, increasing hose length to 20 m would increase the coverage of the MFU service area by two times that of the existing service. The use of a 30-m hose could provide coverage to over 96% of residential structures on Pari Island. In addition to describing the analytical tools including coverage zones, receiver operating characteristic, and area under the curve metrics to support MFU planning and operations, this paper highlights other initiatives that could increase resilience against fires and other hazards threatening small island communities.

Facies Mapping of the Holocene Carbonate Complexes in Kepulauan Seribu Java Basin, Indonesia Using Satellite-Derived Data Set

The analog study is common in understanding buried reservoirs and the relationship between architectural complexity and heterogeneity of carbonate deposits. This study processed satellite and false-color images using single-band images and classified them using a supervised classification technique to generate an environmental facies map. Thus, the study’s objectives are to map facies distribution in selected carbonate depositional environment and investigate oceanographic parameters that influence the development and evolution of modern carbonates in Holocene Kepulauan Seribu patch reef complexes, Java Basin. The main sub-environments are reef sand apron, subtidal reefal margin, and shallower subtidal lagoon. Annual wind patterns in the Java Basin have influenced the development of carbonate sediment in the Kepulauan Seribu archipelago, resulting in the formation of an isolated carbonate platform pattern with a single crest and asymmetrical dipping flanks. Meanwhile, the salinity of seawater influences the production of modern carbonate deposits as the Java basin is situated at the equator line, where the salinity of the seawater is moderately salty (35‰) and contributes to the favorable conditions for carbonate growth. The analysis of oceanographic elements with the integration of quantified environmental facies distribution is conducted to monitor the deposition of carbonate sediments which gives insight into carbonate distribution on the studied platforms. Satellite-derived facies maps provide an accurate overview of depositional facies patterns at the field scale in the oil and gas industry, enabling geologists to assess the potential of an oil and gas reservoir.

Validating the 6 year (2016–2021) anthropogenic induced small island wildfire hazards in Pulau Seribu archipelago, Indonesia

Due to their specific characteristics, small islands tend to face unique challenges, including the challenges posed by wildfire threats caused by the presence of volatile vegetations and anthropogenic influences. This study aims to validate the impacts of the anthropogenic influence on wildfire risks for the period of 2011–2021 in several occupied small islands in Pulau Seribu archipelago, including Tidung and Pari Islands. An uninhabited island, Tidung Kecil Island, was used as control. To validate the anthropogenic influences on wildfire presences, the ANOVA one-way and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) methods were used. Results show that human occupancy has significantly contributed to the wildfire frequency and burnt area size (F = 4.413, p = 0.001), with the occupied islands have the highest wildfire frequencies of 0.45 cases annually, and the highest burn area average of 4076 m2 annually. The uninhabited island only experiences 0.09 wildfires per year. Wildfires occur both day and night. Daytime wildfires were mostly caused by improper disposal of cigarette butts or smoking activities. In contrast, nighttime wildfires were caused by open waste burning and camping activities.The validation using the ROC, with an area under the ROC curve value (AUC) of 0.671 (95%CI: 0.301–1), has validated the accuracy that the anthropogenic factors are proxies for wildfire hazards in Tidung Island. However, the accuracy of the anthropogenic influence-wildfire hazard association in Pari Island is slightly lower with an AUC of 0.633 (95%CI: 0.321–0.946). These confirm the potential of anthropogenic influences as a proxy for wildfire, especially in Tidung Island.

Genetic patterns of the corals Euphyllia glabrescens and Lobophyllia corymbosa across the Indonesian Archipelago

Abstract. Jompa J, Umar W, Yusuf S, Tassakka ACM, Limmon GV, Rahmi, Putri AP, Halwi, Tamti H, Moore AM. 2020. Genetic patterns of the corals Euphyllia glabrescens and Lobophyllia corymbosa across the Indonesian Archipelago. Biodiversitas 21: xxxx. Scleractinian corals can reproduce in several ways, with two main sexual reproduction modes known as brooding and broadcast spawning. In this study, we described patterns of genetic variation within and connectivity between coral populations in western Indonesia (Seribu Archipelago), central Indonesia (Spermonde Archipelago), and eastern Indonesia (Ambon). We sampled two readily identifiable corals popular in the marine aquarium trade, one species widely reported as a brooder (Euphyllia glabrescens), the other as a broadcast spawner (Lobophyllia corymbosa). The mitochondrial COI genome was amplified for 117 samples. Within-population genetic variation was high, especially at the eastern Indonesia (Ambon) site. The genetic connectivity patterns were similar for the two corals, with high connectivity between the Seribu and Spermonde Archipelagos (despite a geographical separation of more than 1,000 km) and a lack of connectivity between these two sites and Ambon. These results indicate a potential barrier to gene flow between coral populations in western/central Indonesia and those to the east of Sulawesi Island.

Haslea nusantara (Bacillariophyceae), a new blue diatom from the Java Sea, Indonesia: morphology, biometry and molecular characterization

Background and aims – The present study aims to describe a new species of pennate blue diatom from the genus Haslea, H. nusantara sp. nov., collected from Semak Daun Island, the Seribu Archipelago, in Indonesian marine waters.
 Methods – Assessment for species identification was conducted using light microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and molecular techniques. The morphological characteristics of H. nusantara have been described, illustrated and compared to other morphologically similar blue Haslea taxa, distributed worldwide. Additionally, molecular characterization was achieved by sequencing plastidial and mitochondrial genomes.
 Key results – This new species, named Haslea nusantara, cannot be discriminated by its morphology (stria density) but it is characterized by its gene sequences (rbcL chloroplast gene and cox1 mitochondrial gene). Moreover, it differentiates from other blue Haslea species by the presence of a thin central bar, which has been previously reported in non-blue species like H. pseudostrearia. The complete mitochondrion (36,288 basepairs, bp) and plastid (120,448 bp) genomes of H. nusantara were sequenced and the gene arrangements were compared with other diatom genomes. Phylogeny analyses established using rbcL indicated that H. nusantara is included in the blue Haslea cluster and close to a blue Haslea sp. found in Canary Islands (H. silbo sp. ined.).
 Conclusions – All investigations carried out in this study show that H. nusantara is a new blue-pigmented species, which belongs to the blue Haslea clade, with an exceptional geographic distribution in the Southern Hemisphere.

Water Resources in Pari Cay, Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta, Indonesia

Pari Cay is the largest island in Kepulauan Seribu Archipelago. Population growth and tourism development in recent years have posed new challenges to its management, one of which concerns water resources. This research aimed to analyze the water resource condition in Pari Cay. The research scope included the analysis of meteorological water resources and groundwater resources. The meteorological water resource analysis employed the Thornthwaite-Mather method, while the groundwater resource was identified by analyzing groundwater quality and calculating static groundwater quantity. The results showed that meteorologically a deficit occurred in July and August. The groundwater quality analysis indicated the presence of highly dominant electrical conductivity, as well as magnesium and chloride enrichment, due to the influence of seawater intrusion. Furthermore, the amount of groundwater in Pari Cay was categorically in larger quantity and better condition compared to the other cays in Kepulauan Seribu Archipelago.

Satellite‐ and field‐based facies mapping of isolated carbonate platforms from the Kepulauan Seribu Complex, Indonesia

AbstractQuantitative facies models from modern carbonate are essential for the interpretation of their fossil counterparts. The isolated carbonate platforms of the Kepulauan Seribu archipelago has many atoll‐like islands with reef belts exposed to bidirectional monsoon winds. Statistical analysis based on texture and composition reveal that there are four sedimentary facies; coral grainstone, coral packstone/grainstone, coral‐mollusc packstone and mollusc wackestone. The occurrence of mollusc wackestone in the lagoon is controlled by water depth, while the sand apron and reef front do not show significant facies separation with water depth. The co‐occurrence of these different facies in the same depth window is contrary to the common thought that changes in bathymetry should be reflected in facies changes. The studied reef systems therefore show aspects of random and ordered facies distribution with respect to water depth. A satellite derived environmental facies map generated by an image analysis algorithm indicates that environmental facies distribution is mainly controlled by water depth, density of seagrass cover and coral abundance. The sand apron can be subdivided into three environmental facies with no, sparse and dense seagrass cover. The deeper water zone can be separated into shallow and deep subtidal parts of lagoons and platform margins. In the lagoon, satellite derived environmental facies directly correlated with sedimentary facies. No direct correlation of environmental facies to sedimentary facies was possible in the sand apron due to the heterogeneity and complexity of the environment. However, the mean sediment grain size is significantly smaller in areas of the sand apron colonized by dense seagrass. This study aims to contribute towards a better understanding of modern equatorial Southeast Asian carbonate systems, delineate modern carbonate facies based on sediment texture and composition with the aid of multivariate statistical analysis combined with statistic based satellite mapping, and give insights regarding the correlation between depositional facies and water depth.

PENGOLAHAN AIR PAYAU MENGGUNAKAN TEKNOLOGI MEMBRAN SISTEM OSMOSA BALIK SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN AIR MINUM MASYARAKAT KEPULAUAN SERIBU

Kepulauan seribu (Seribu Archipelago) is one of region of north jakarta, the province of DKI Jakarta Raya which is populated by around 18.000 inhabitants. It consists of 111 small islands. Among them, there are about 11 (eleven) islands are stated as the residential: P. Untung Jawa, P. Tidung Besar, P. Lancang Besar, P. Panggang, P. Pramuka, P. Kelapa I, P. Kelapa II, P. Harapan, P. Sebira. P. Payung dan P. Pari. P. Panggang and P. Kelapa I are the most populated.In relation to the clean water supply, specifically for drinking water/freshwater, mostly is got from the narrow well, rainfall and some water treatment installations that heve been owned by some islands. However, problem arises when the prolong dry season comes as the quality of water in the narrow well decreases significantly, the well water became brackish. In order to cope this problem, the avaibility of sufficient water treatment installations to process brackish water into freshwater is very important. The water treatment installation with reverse osmosis system is one of the most effective alternative in order to provide the freshwater for the people in the islands. The system has also been aplied sufficiently in several islands, such as P. Kelapa I, P. Tidung, P. Pramuka, P. Untung Jawa, P. Panggang dan P. Harapan Kata Kunci : Pengolahan Air payau, Osmosa balik, Air minum.

Skrining Kemampuan Absorpsi Merkuri pada Makroalga Cokelat Hormophysa triquetra dan Makroalga Merah Gracilaria salicornia dari Pulau Pari

<strong>Screening of Mercury Absorption in Brown Macroalgae Hormophysa triquetra and Red Macroalgae Gracilaria salicornia from Pari Island.</strong> Macroalgae or seaweed has good absorptive capacity against all substances present in the aquatic environment, including mercury (Hg). The purpose of this study was to determine mercury content in brown macroalga <em>Hormophysa triquetra</em> and red macroalga <em>Gracilaria salicornia</em> and also on sediment and then assess the potential of both types of macroalgae as mercury bioaccumulator. Samples of macroalgae and sediment were taken from the northern, eastern, southern, and western regions of Pari Island, Seribu Archipelago in April 2016, analyzed by Mercury Analyzer NIC MA-3000. The results of this study indicated the mercury content in red macroalgae was higher than brown macroalgae. Mercury content in macroalgae from Pari Island waters was in the range of 21.50 ± 9.59 μg/kg (brown macroalga) and 41.45 ± 14.00 μg/kg (macroalgae red). The complexity of the functional groups makes the mercury content higher in the red macroalgae than in the brown macroalgae. The ability of mercury accumulation makes these macroalgae species potential to become bioaccumulator.

Bioaccumulation of Cadmium and Lead in Prickly Pen Shell in Seribu Archipelago

Jakarta Bay waters contaminated with heavy metals, so that the waters of the Thousand Islands are also potentially contaminated with heavy metals. The purpose of this study were to determine the condition of the water quality on the Panggang Island and Karya Island, analyze contamination of heavy metals (Cadmium and Lead) in water, sediments and Prickly Pen Shell and then the correlation. Based on Ministry of Environment decree No. 51/2004, water quality in the Panggang Island and Karya Island tend toward to low category. Cadmium and lead concentration in the water on October exceed the quality standards. In the sediment on July and October at Karya Island, concentration of cadmium were exceed the quality standar by RNO. On the other hand, cadmium and lead concentration on Prickly Pen Shell still below standard quality from decree of Director General of POM RI No. 03725. We found highest positive correlation were found between cadmium and lead accumulation in the water and on the Prickly Pen Shell, then positive correlation between cadmium and lead in the water and in the sediment. For the heavy metal contamination, we found contamination of cadmium correlation were higher than lead contamination.

Dynamic Behaviour of Submerged Floating Tunnels under Seismic Loadings with Different Cable Configurations

The paper presents the dynamic behavior of a Submerged Floating Tunnel (SFT) in the Seribu Archipelago crossing under seismic loadings by using the different cable configurations. The SFT is a tubular structure submerged in the water at a fixed depth, which features several advantages from the structural and environmental impact points of view. In particular, the structural system is suited for waterway crossings in seismicity zones. Its interaction with the water provides additional damping and inertia to the system. To evaluate the SFT structural response of seismic loadings, a response spectrum analyses were carried out, in which the ground multi-support excitation is considered. The investigation of the different cable system configurations were also carried out. Both static and dynamic analyses were carried to find the optimal configuration of the structural system. Although the paper has had a definitive conclusion yet, the results gave useful indications of responses of Submerged Floating Tunnels subjected to earthquake. The SFT with two cable diagonals perpendicular with SFT’s body (called Model C) shows the optimal structural configuration compared with others.

How island size and isolation affect bee and wasp ensembles on small tropical islands: a case study from Kepulauan Seribu, Indonesia

Aim To study the effects of isolation and size of small tropical islands on species assemblages of bees (superfamily Apoidea) and wasps (superfamily Vespoidea). Location Twenty islands in the Kepulauan Seribu Archipelago off the coast of west Java, Indonesia. The size of surveyed islands ranges between 0.75 and 41.32 ha; their distance from the coast of Java varies between 3 and 62 km. Methods Field work was conducted from February to May 2005. Bees and wasps were caught with a sweep net during sampling units of 15 min, continuing until four consecutive samples revealed no new species. Total species richness was quantified by the estimators Chao 2, first-order jackknife and Michaelis–Menten. The software binmatnest was used to test for nestedness of species assemblages. Similarities of species composition between islands were quantified by Sørensen’s similarity index. Results Eighty-two species were recorded on the 20 surveyed islands. Species richness declined with increasing isolation of islands from the source area, Java. Although the size of the largest island exceeded that of the smallest island by a factor of almost 60, island size only very weakly affected species richness of bees; no effect of island size was found for wasps. Mean body size of species decreased with increasing island isolation. Nestedness of island faunas was only weakly developed. Species composition of both superfamilies was affected by island isolation, but not by island size. Main conclusions While the species–isolation relationship on the very small islands of Kepulauan Seribu followed the prediction of MacArthur and Wilson’s equilibrium theory, the absence of a species–area relationship indicated a weak ‘small-island effect’, at least in wasps. The combination of an only weakly developed pattern of nested species subsets, the shift in species compositions and the decline of mean body size with increasing island isolation from the source area indicates that biotic interactions and different species traits contribute to the shaping of communities of bees and wasps within the archipelago. The potential of biotic interactions for generating distribution patterns of species within the archipelago is also emphasized by the observed restriction of some species with apparently high dispersal abilities to outer islands.

Accumulation of beach litter on islands of the Pulau Seribu Archipelago, Indonesia

Beach litter, originating primarily from the city of Jakarta, has accumulated on shores of unmanaged islands in the Pulau Seribu Archipelago during the past decade. It has also spread during this time. Ten years ago, islands > 20 km from the mainland were unpolluted but there was significant pollution up to 45 km from it in 1995. Oil pollution is most severe on islands at the northern end of the chain.

Application of tree architectural models to reef-coral growth forms

With the aim of gaining a better understanding of constant traits in coral colony form, architectural methods used for tropical trees were applied to 16 hermatypic ramose coral species of the Seribu archipelago (North of Jakarta, Java Sea, Indonesia), in 1983. Architectural analysis of colonies has distinguished four simple and stable architectural models. A new interpretation of coral colony form is proposed using both the architectural model and the reiteration of the model.

La réaction aux traumatismes : comparaison entre les arbres et les coraux

Observations and in situ experiments carried out between 1981 and 1983 near Pari Island, Seribu Archipelago, Java Sea, showed that reef-building corals can reiterate their specific colony architecture after being subjected to an environmental trauma which irreversibly alters their characteristic appearance. Besides trees (Oldeman, 1974 ; Hallé, Oldeman and Tomlinson, 1978) many fixed colonial organisms such as hydroids, gorgonians, sponges and corals, display this process of architectural adjustment. Reiteration appears to be a fundamental characteristic of sessile organisms.