Serial Port Interface Research Articles

Exploration of Vibration Signal Measurement Method of Automobile Parts Utilizing FPGA/Photoelectric Sensor

According to the current situation of the sensor, a vibration signal monitoring system is proposed of automobile parts based on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and photoelectric sensor. FPGA controls the peripheral circuit and sets instructions to process the acquired vibration signal. The Serial Port Interface (SPI) is utilized for the data transmission and communication between the instruction set and FPGA. FPGA transmits the acquired data to the Digital Signal Processing (DSP) through the SPI and then backs up to the Secure Digital (SD) card for in-depth analysis. The Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) is selected for the monitoring system. The sensor presents many characteristics: anti-interference, high sensitivity, lightweight, and small volume. Afterward, the FBG is used for vibration signal acquisition, and the corresponding sensor module circuit is designed. Subsequently, an Analog to Digital (A/D) conversion circuit is designed on the acquisition circuit together with the vibration conditioning circuit and FPGA peripheral circuit. In the experiment, the vibration signal is monitored in real-time through the designed monitoring system, and the changes in the Center Wavelength (CWL) of the FBG from vibration are recorded. The data are screened, and more reasonable data are produced for vibration signal processing. The vibration signal is processed through Time-Domain (TD) linear fitting and time-frequency transformation, to assess the FBG vibration sensor’s vibration response in the monitoring system.

Acoustic target recognition algorithm based on particle swarm neural network

In order to improve the automatic recognition rate of acoustic targets, this paper conducts research on acoustic target recognition algorithms based on particle swarm neural network. Firstly, the mathematical description of the particle swarm optimization algorithm is described, and the initial parameters and algorithm flow of the particle swarm optimization algorithm in the experiments in this paper are given. Second, the design includes the central processor, power supply, signal conditioner, filter, trigger circuit, and state. Acoustic target recognition prototypes of display circuit, memory, target type indication circuit, serial port, crystal circuit, microphone and hardware interface circuit, etc. Finally, using the collected acoustic signals of tanks and helicopters, a semi-physical simulation experiment was designed to carry out target recognition. Experimental research and experimental results verify the effectiveness and stability of the acoustic target recognition system in this paper.

Research on Wireless Pulse Monitoring System Based on AVR

Pulse is the most important, sensitive and reliable source of information for human activities. It is an important window to reflect the health of the human body. The extraction speed of the pulse is fast. Therefore, it is also an effective method to quickly find the cause by using the pulse signal. This topic adopts embedded and wireless communication technology, and proposes a new scheme for processing pulse signals, namely acquisition and processing and wireless transmission part (front end system) + wireless reception and PC display part (back-end system). The front-end system is mainly responsible for the acquisition and initial processing of the pulse signal and can be sent separately. It can be connected to the PC through the wireless receiving and serial port interface. The back-end system is mainly responsible for tracking and displaying the signal transmitted by the front-end system. It is the role of the wireless receiver module that enables the system to have remote monitoring capabilities.

High-Speed Optical Signal Processing System Based on DSP for Neutral Beam Injector on EAST

Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) is one of the main plasma heating methods in nuclear fusion devices. To prevent the device from irreversible damage, all the status signal acquisition and transmission must meet high voltage isolation, fast-reaction and high reliability requirements. DSP performs well at complicated algorithms computing and meets the real-time requirements, but it is poor at parallel processing. FPGA is good at combination logic and sequential logic control. To meet the EAST-NBI control system experimental operational requirements, DSP and FPGA architecture is taken in this design, which converts the optical signal to high-precision analog signal to output. This paper analyzes the requirement of high-speed optical signal processing system based on DSP for EAST-NBI and introduces the detail modules designs, including seven modules: optical signal receiving and conversion interface circuit, FPGA decoding interface circuit, OMAP processing interface circuit, DAC interface circuit, Ethernet interface circuit, serial port interface circuit and amplification interface circuit.

Microcontroller based roller contact type herbicide applicator for weed control under row crops

A microcontroller based manually operated three row roller contact type herbicide applicator was designed and developed for control of the weed population in field crops. A control system was developed to apply the quantity of the herbicide based on quantified weed information. The unit consists of a camera for capturing the images of weeds, MATLAB software for image acquisition and processing in a laptop, a serial port communication for communicating between laptop and controller, a microcontroller for controlling the application of herbicide through a relay, and a dc solenoid valve for variable rate application of herbicide on the applicating roller. The captured image was analyzed by the image processing toolbox in the MATLAB software, to extract weed information in the image, which is then transferred to a microcontroller using serial port interface. The microcontroller activates the solenoid valve using a relay according to algorithm for decision of the herbicide amount. Field test results of the machine indicate an average of 50% saving in the amount of herbicide, with weeding efficiency of 90%.

Plc Based Monitoring and Controlling System Using Wi-Fi Device

A system for controlling electrical appliances using power line communication and monitoring data. Control messages are sent over Wi-Fi network from Wi-Fi device to personal computer which then couples the message to power line using micro controller with serial port interface. Power lines which are present in all infrastructures are used as physical media to transmit data over 220/50Hz signal to control electrical appliances and to monitor. Here we are monitoring temperature. The data from the micro controller is coupled onto power line using power line communication modem and DSSS( direct sequence spread spectrum ) modulation technique is employed to transmit data. The receiver unit consists of PLC modem, micro controller and can be connected in any power line network. The receiver unit controls the flow of electricity to the socket.

Research on the Key Technologies of Truck-Tracking and Navigation System Based on GPS/3G

This paper presents a kind of method that the mobile terminal is seen as a tool to manage dynamic logistics information and inquiry line. First of all, based on real-time location technology of GPS equipment and the use of the serial port or Bluetooth mobile interface, the system has implemented the reading of the GPS positioning data, then it gives two-way data transmission between servers and the mobile terminal based on Web Service and GPRS/3G. Eventually it has successfully realized to exchange the information between location data and logistic platform and to locate the logistics vehicles. The realization of the system has a strong practical significance to the comprehensive logistics information platform which integrates the information of vehicles, cargo and freight trains.

The digital aqueous humor outflow meter: an alternative tool for screening of the human eye outflow facility

To develop, characterize, and validate a prototype digital aqueous humor outflow tonographer (DAHOM). The DAHOM was developed, characterized, and validated in three phases. Phase 1 involved construction of the sensor. This was broadly based on the fundamental design of a typical Schiotz tonographer with a series of improvements, including corneal indentation, which was converted to an electrical signal via a linear variable differential transducer, an analog signal which was converted to digital via ADC circuitry, and digital data acquisition and processing which was made possible by a serial port interface. Phase 2 comprised development of software for automated assessment of the outflow facility. Automated outflow facility assessment incorporated a series of fundamental improvements in comparison with traditional techniques, including software-based filtering of ripple noise and extreme variations, rigidity impact analysis, and evaluation of the impact of patient age, central corneal thickness, and ocular axial length. Phase 3 comprised characterization and validation of DAHOM, for which we developed an experimental setup using porcine cadaver eyes. DAHOM's repeatability was evaluated by means of Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient. The level of agreement with a standard Schiotz tonographer was evaluated by means of paired t-tests and Bland-Altman analysis in human eyes. The experimental setup provided the necessary data for the characterization of DAHOM. A fourth order polynomial equation provided excellent fit (R square >0.999). DAHOM demonstrated high repeatability (Cronbach's alpha ≥0.997; intraclass correlation coefficient ≥0.987) and an adequate level of agreement with a standard Schiotz tonographer. This study presents the development, characterization, and validation of a prototype digital tonographer. DAHOM demonstrates high repeatability and a sufficient level of agreement with a typical Schiotz tonographer, while its digital design remedies known vulnerabilities of conventional tonographers.

Characterization of a water‐equivalent fiber‐optic coupled dosimeter for use in diagnostic radiology

This work reports on the characterization of a new fiber-optic coupled (FOC) dosimeter for use in the diagnostic radiology energy range. The FOC dosimeter was constructed by coupling a small cylindrical plastic scintillator, 500 microm in diameter and 2 mm in length, to a 2 m long optical fiber, which acts as a light guide to transmit scintillation photons from the sensitive element to a photo-multiplier tube (PMT). A serial port interface on the PMT permits real-time monitoring of light output from the dosimeter via a custom computer program. The FOC dosimeter offered excellent sensitivity and reproducibility, allowing doses as low as 0.16 mGy to be measured with a coefficient of variation of only 3.64%. Dose linearity was also excellent with a correlation coefficient of 1.000 over exposures ranging from 0.16 to 57.29 mGy. The FOC dosimeter exhibited little angular dependence from axial irradiation, varying by less than 5% over an entire revolution. A positive energy dependence was observed and measurements performed within a scatter medium yielded a 10% variation in sensitivity as beam quality changed due to hardening and scatter across a 16 cm depth range. The current dosimetry system features an array of five PMTs to allow multiple FOC dosimeters to be monitored simultaneously. Overall, the system allows for rapid and accurate dose measurements relevant to a range of diagnostic imaging applications.

Software Engineering: A fundamental Approach to Automate and Interface Medical Electronic Systems with Computers in Healthcare Systems

The cost for application software and propriatry standards (i.e. data structure and formats) required for storing clinicaldatasets from electronic device cause the use of time-consuming paper-based documentation and/or the transfer ofelectronic lab records manually to the PC database systems in Mother-Offspring Malaria Study (MOMS) LaboratoryUnit located in Morogoro Regional Hospital, Tanzania. We have explored the ability to extract laboratory results fromHaematology analyzer machine for easy management, access and storage. The methodology and tools used during thestudy includes; site survey and hands-on practice for requirement engineering, visual basic 6.0 for interface design andMicrosoft Access for relational database design. The study has developed a model “ CO mpose- TRA ansmit- CO nvent-CO mpose” convention (acronym COTRACOCO) to implements an open serial port interface that required only a driverclass to execute the labs outputs for storage in database with at run-time with less programming knowledge. The studydemonstrated that the COTRACOCO convention presented is general and may promote a new paradigm for establishingthe robust serial port communication systems for any digital device.

A multi-frequency impedance analysing instrument for eddy current testing

This paper presents the design of a high-performance multi-frequency impedance analysing instrument (MFIA) for eddy current testing which has been developed primarily for monitoring a steel production process using an inductive sensor. The system consists of a flexible multi-frequency waveform generator and a voltage/current measurement unit. The impedance of the sensor is obtained by cross-spectral analysis of the current and voltage signals. The system contains high-speed digital-to-analogue, analogue-to-digital converters and dual DSPs with one for control and interface and one dedicated to frequency-spectra analysis using fast Fourier transformation (FFT). The frequency span of the signal that can be analysed ranges from 1 kHz to 8 MHz. The system also employs a high-speed serial port interface (USB) to communicate with a personal computer (PC) and to allow for fast transmission of data and control commands. Overall, the system is capable of delivering over 250 impedance spectra per second. Although the instrument has been developed mainly for use with an inductive sensor, the system is not restricted to inductive measurement. The flexibility of the design architecture is demonstrated with capacitive and resistive measurements by using appropriate input circuitry. Issues relating to optimizing the phase of the spectra components in the excitation waveform are also discussed.

A DSP-Based Mixed-Signal Waveform Generator

As it currently stands, waveform generators are being employed in many diverse areas, such as radar applications, communication systems, simulation, and testing. There is considerable interest in exploring the beacon of opportunity posed by using digital signal processor (DSP)-based systems to replace costly and inadequate conventional waveform generators. The availability of high performance DSPs allows for the design of highly flexible equipment capable of real-time processing. The arbitrary waveform generator introduced in this paper consists of a DSP, a FIFO memory, a video palette, and a PC interface. A program running on the PC creates a digital representation of a waveform according to user parameters and sends it to the DSP's RAM. The DSP algorithmically converts the digital representation to a point-by-point representation of the desired analog signal. The data points are sent to the FIFO buffer, which latches the data to a video palette that serves a three-channel digital-to-analog converter. The system employs a high-speed serial port interface to communicate with a PC, to allow for readily programmed signals. In addition to the production of traditional signals, such as sinusoids and squarewaves, a mathematical tool known as splines is employed to aid in the development of customized arbitrary waveforms. Finally, a picture of our new device is presented in the paper.

GPS time synchronization in school-network cosmic ray detectors

The QuarkNet DAQ card for school-network cosmic ray detectors provides a low-cost alternative to using standard particle and nuclear physics fast pulse electronics modules. The board, which can be produced at a cost of less than $500.00 (USD), produces trigger time and pulse edge time data for 2- to 4-fold coincidence levels via a universal RS232 serial port interface, usable with any PC. Individual detector stations, each consisting of four scintillation counter modules, front-end electronics, and a GPS receiver, produce a stream of data in form of ASCII text strings in identifiable set of formats for different functions. The card includes a low-cost GPS receiver module, which permits time-stamping event triggers to about 50 nanosecond accuracy in UTC between widely separated sites. The technique used for obtaining precise GPS time employs the 1PPS signal, which is not normally available to users of the commercial GPS module. We had the stock model slightly custom-modified to access this signal. The method for deriving time values was adapted from methods developed for the K2K long-baseline neutrino experiment. Performance of the low-cost GPS module used is compared to that of a more expensive unit with known quality.

A 12-bit integrated analog front end for broadband wireline networks

An integrated transceiver for broadband wireline networks is presented. The transceiver includes a receive data path, a transmit data path, and auxiliary functions including serial port interface, clock and reference generation blocks, and voltage regulator control circuitry. The receive data path provides constant input impedance and is composed of two variable gain amplifier (VGA) blocks, a tuned analog 4-pole filter, a 12-b analog-to-digital converter (ADC) sampling at 32 MHz, and a digital high-pass filter. Filter tuning using switched-capacitor arrays occurs in the background, with no effect on signal reception. The transmit data path contains digital interpolation filters and a 12-b digital-to-analog converter (DAC) sampling at 128 MHz. The chip was implemented in double-poly triple-metal 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. Measured performance for both receive and transmit data paths meets target specifications with no noticeable crosstalk.