Septorhinoplasty Surgery Research Articles

Effect of non-invasive bilateral sphenopalatine ganglion block on postoperative pain in patients undergoing septorhinoplasty surgery: a randomized controlled study.

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of preoperative sphenopalatine ganglion block (SPGB) on postoperative pain and assess intraoperative and postoperative analgesic consumption in patients undergoing septorhinoplasty. In this prospective, randomized controlled study, 72 patients were included and divided into two groups: group 1 (36 patients) received the sphenopalatine ganglion block (SPGB), while group 2 (36 patients) served as the control group. Patient assessments, using the numerical rating scale (NRS), were conducted at the postoperative first hour, fourth hour, and 24th hour. Additionally, intraoperative hemodynamics, analgesic requirements, and postoperative analgesic requirements were documented. The patients in group 1 exhibited significantly lower NRS scores at postoperative first, fourth, and 24th hour than those in group 2 (P<0.001 for all three time points). Additionally, the mean Riker Sedation-Agitation Scale (RSAS) scores were significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2 (P=0.006). Both intraoperative remifentanil use and postoperative analgesic consumption were significantly higher in patients in group 2 (P<0.001 and 0.004, respectively) than those in group 1. Analysis of intraoperative heart rate and mean arterial pressure (MAP) revealed that patients in group 1 had lower postoperative heart rates (P=0.040) than those in group 2, and MAP values after intraoperative block, at 30 min, and postoperatively were significantly lower (P=0.005, P=0.001, and P=0.034, respectively) than those in group 2. We advocate for the adoption of the noninvasive SPGB method in patients undergoing septorhinoplasty surgery. This approach significantly reduces the need for intraoperative analgesics, alleviates postoperative pain, and reduces the demand for postoperative analgesics. Moreover, it improves the overall surgical experience because of its ease of application, contributing to a more comfortable surgical process.

The effect of brochure-assisted education given before septorhinoplasty on surgical fear and anxiety: A randomized controlled trial.

This study is a randomized controlled interventional study aimed to determine the effect of preoperative brochure-assisted education on surgical fear and anxiety in patients scheduled for septorhinoplasty surgery. The study was conducted between May 2022 and February 2023 in the Otorhinolaryngology services and clinics of a training and research hospital in the southern region of Turkey. The study included 61 patients, with 29 in the education group and 32 in the control group. All patients received routine nursing care before surgery, with the education group receiving additional education through an informative brochure. The data were collected using the "Personal Information Form", "Surgical Fear Questionnaire", and "Surgical Anxiety Questionnaire". There was no significant difference in the mean scores of surgical fear between the groups on the morning of the surgery (p > 0.05). However, a significant difference was found in the mean scores of surgical anxiety between the groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, patients in the education group who received preoperative brochure-assisted education had lower anxiety compared with the control group.

Evaluation of Facial Asymmetry in Patients with Crooked Nose.

This study aims to explore the correlation between facial asymmetry and a crooked nose using objective methodologies. The cohort of 57 patients who underwent septorhinoplasty surgery for aesthetic reasons between 2019 and 2022. Patients were categorized based on the type of nasal axis deviation. The analysis involved reviewing patients' photographs and cone beam computed tomography images. We identified various anatomical landmarks and compared measurements across the groups. Among the study population, 21 (36.8%) exhibited Type-I (linear) and 15 (26.3%) demonstrated Type-C nasal axis deviation, while no deviation was detected in 21 (36.8%) patients. Upon evaluating the upper face area, significant differences were found in the glabella-lateral orbit (G-LO) and rhinion-lateral orbit (Rh-LO) parameters (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively). A statistically significant difference was discovered in all three parameters between the three groups in the middle face area [glabella-zygion (G-Zy) p = 0.04, rhinion-zygion (Rh-Zy) P < 0.001, anterior nasal spine-zygion (ANS-Zy) p < 0.001)]. Further, a statistically significant difference was noted in the soft tissue parameters gonion (Go) and LO (p = 0.008 and P = 0.005, respectively). Patients with crooked noses, in particular, exhibit asymmetries in the upper and middle faces. The glabella in the upper face and the anterior nasal spine in the middle face are stable points, and the fact that the parameters derived from these two reference points are significant, when considered in conjunction with other significant parameters, strongly supports the aforementioned statement. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Does being a healthcare professional affect satisfaction after septorhinoplasty?

This study aims to determine the differences in satisfaction levels after septorhinoplasty between patients who are healthcare workers and those who are not. The study includes patients who underwent primary septorhinoplasty surgery, divided into two groups: healthcare workers and non-healthcare workers. The Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE) questionnaire was administered to the patients at the 6th postoperative month. Among the 37 patients, 18 were healthcare workers, and 19 were non-healthcare workers. The mean Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation score for healthcare workers at the 6th postoperative month was 75.69 ± 16.06, while in the non-healthcare worker group, the ROE scores were 60.31 ± 27.69. The findings from our study indicated that individuals in the healthcare profession exhibited significantly greater satisfaction rates following septorhinoplasty in comparison to those in the non-healthcare worker group, with a statistically significant difference noted (p: 0.046). Having more knowledge about septorhinoplasty surgery and its complications among healthcare workers may allow for more realistic expectations regarding the surgical intervention. Simultaneously, it may facilitate better communication with the surgeon and the expression of expectations. Clinicians should pay attention not only to the patient's intellectual level but also to their health literacy in communication with the patient.

Efficacy of intravenous magnesium sulfate infusion on postoperative pain and quality of recovery for septorhinoplasty: a randomized controlled study

Background The pain that occurs after septorhinoplasty is an important factor affecting the comfort of the patient. Objectives To investigate the effect of perioperative intravenous magnesium sulfate infusion on postoperative pain and quality of recovery in patients underwent septorhinoplasty surgery. Material and methods One hundred twenty patients who underwent septorhinoplasty were randomly divided into two groups. Magnesium group received intravenous magnesium after induction of anesthesia (30 mg/kg), then infused until the end of the surgical procedure (9 mg/kg). The placebo group received the same volume of saline infusion. The VAS score was used for postoperative pain assessment, and the Quality of Recovery-40 (QoR-40) score was used for the assessment of recovery status. Results The postoperative 30 min, 1st, 2nd, 4th (p < .001) and 24th hour (p < .05) VAS scores of the patients in the magnesium infusion group were significantly lower compared to the placebo group. Also; in terms of physical comfort (p < .001), emotional state (p < .05), psychological support, pain and total score values (p < .001), patients in magnesium group had significantly higher QoR-40 scores than those in placebo group. Conclusion Intraoperative magnesium infusion, which is widely used in many surgeries to provide controlled hypotension, also contributes significantly to patient comfort with its positive effect on postoperative pain and recovery scores.

VALIDATION OF THE KURDISH LANGUAGE VERSION OF THE STANDARDIZED COSMESIS AND NASAL OUTCOMES SURVEY (SCHNOS), APPLICATION FOR SEPTORHINOPLASTY HEALTH

Background The Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS) questionnaire is a recent tool for evaluating patient satisfaction in both functional and cosmetic components of rhinoplasty. It is a reliable, steady, and corroborated patient-reported outcome measure that is not available in Kurdish.&#x0D; Objectives To evaluate the application of the Kurdish version of the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS) scale for Septorhinoplasty surgery and research.&#x0D; Materials and Methodsconducted four centre studies to validate The Kurdish version of the scale We adhered to a strict translation procedure, including a forward and back translation and reconciliation interviews, to ensure the original content and concepts were preserved compared for patients and control groups and tailored to the demographic the instrument was intended for.&#x0D; Resultsshowed that the Kurdish version of the SCHNOS was conceptually comparable to the original English version and demonstrated high internal consistency for nasal function as an aesthetic postoperative outcome. The Spearman rank correlation analysis indicated a weak to moderate correlation between the different items, indicating that the different items measure somewhat distinct aspects of nasal function and appearance. However, the high Cronbach’s alpha values suggested that the different items measure similar aspects of nasal function and appearance and can be considered a reliable scale for assessing SCHNOSE.The results of the paired samples t-test showed significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative obstructive and aesthetic SCHNOSE scores, indicating that the observed differences are likely to be real and not simply due to random variation in the data.&#x0D; ConclusionThe Kurdish form of the SCHNOS demonstrates virtuous reliability and validity, coherent with the original version. Thus, it can be used as a validated questionnaire for outcome measurements for rhinoplasty. This version should be recommended to evaluate both functional and cosmetic outcomes in daily practice and rhinoplasty-related examinations.

Pain management following septorhinoplasty surgery: evidence from a systematic review.

We investigated recent evidence on the analgesics available for postoperative pain management among patients undergoing septoplasty or rhinoplasty surgery. Studies were retrieved from MEDLINE (through PubMed), Web of Science, and Embase up to 3 August 2022. Forty-seven studies including 3717 patients were included. There were 45 randomized clinical trials and 2 observational cohort studies. Most of the studies were recently published and conducted in Turkey (n = 27). The majority of the studies performed the intervention preoperatively (n = 26), 11 studies postoperatively, 6 studies intraoperative, 2 studies preoperative plus intraoperative, and 2 studies performed the intervention with preoperative plus postoperative timing. The most evaluated medication was lidocaine (n = 10), followed by levobupivacaine (n = 4), and gabapentin (n = 4). Regarding post-operative pain assessment, the most used scale was the visual analog scale (VAS) (n = 36). Compared to controls, almost all interventions showed a significant benefit in managing post-operative pain. Although it should be mentioned regarding the comparison between opioids and NSAIDs consumption after surgery for pain management, most studies did not show a significant difference between the groups. No major side effects except nausea and vomiting were observed among the reviewed studies. This study summarized the most recent options that are available to manage pain following septorhinoplasty surgery. Recent investigations showed local interventions vs pre/post-operative analgesic medications are highly suggested to be replaced with opioids and NSAIDs as they have shown prominent efficacy with no significant adverse events. Future research is advised to determine the best dosage and administration techniques.

EFFECTS OF BILATERAL INFRAORBITALAND INFRATROCHLEAR NERVE BLOCK ON EMERGENCE AGITATION AFTER SEPTORHINOPLASTY: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED STUDY

Aim: Emergence agitation is common after septorhinoplasty and postoperative pain is the main risk factor for this condition. Infraorbital and Infratrochlear nerve block have been reported to help pain management in patients after nasal surgical procedures under General Anaesthesia. Method: Our study was conducted randomly amongst sixty four pateints whose septorhinoplasty surgery was planned under general anaesthesia were included in study. Patients were randomly distributed to Group1(ION and ITN block) and Group2 (No block). Duration of surgery and anaesthesia, Riker Sedation-Agitation Scale(RSAS), EApresence, Duration of post-operative analgesia, Numerical rating scale(NRS) scores and cumulative Tramadol consumption were recorded. Result:Incidence of EAand NRS score of the patients in Group1 were statistically signicantly (p&lt;0.05) lower than the patients in Group2. In addition, total postoperative analgesia duration in Group1 was statistically signicantly (p&lt;0.05) higher than patients in Group2. Conclusion: Hence, management of Emergence agitation and Pain in early post-operative period after septorhinoplasty with bilateral ION and ITN block is a simple and efcient technique

Are the sinonasal outcome test and nasal obstruction symptom evaluation scale questionnaires suitable for assessing the quality of life after septorhinoplasty? A prospective case-control study

In the evaluation after septorhinoplasty (SRP), the surgeon's plan and the patient's expectations may not always be realised. Therefore, in our prospective case-control study, we aimed to investigate whether the Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) and Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation Scales (NOSE), which have been validated in different patient populations in Turkish, are appropriate for evaluating SRP cases and their relationship with each other. Preoperative and postoperative data of NOSE and SNOT-22 questionnaires of 125 cases diagnosed with traumatic septum deviation and external nasal deformity and decided to be operated were analyzed. It was calculated that the SNOT-22 score of those with high/low preoperative NOSE scores was also high/low with a 53.6% probability and that the SNOT-22 score of those with high/low postoperative NOSE scores was also high/low with a 69.9% probability, indicating a positive and high-level relationship between postoperative NOSE and SNOT-22 measurements. When the answers given to all questions in SNOT-22 were evaluated separately, it was observed that the most disturbing symptoms of the cases were nasal obstruction at 78.4% and the need to blow the nose at 46.4% in the preoperative period, and nasal obstruction with 64.8% and the need to blow nose with 37.6% in the postoperative period. The most dramatic changes in the answers to SNOT-22 questions were observed in the patient's feelings of frustrated/restless/irritable, sadness, and embrassed. SNOT-22 and NOSE questionnaires can be used interchangeably to evaluate the functional status of patients undergoing SRP surgery.

Litigation in Septorhinoplasty Surgery: A Pan-Specialty Review of National Health Service (the United Kingdom) Data.

Success in septorhinoplasty surgery can be difficult to assess due to a lack of objective and measurable outcomes. If patients' expectations are not met, it places surgeons performing septorhinoplasty at risk of litigation which can be stressful and costly. The National Institute of health (NHS) Resolution is a government-funded organization in the United Kingdom that provides expertise to the NHS on resolving patient concerns. Data were requested from NHS Resolution for claims involving septorhinoplasty surgery over a period of 5 years between April 2015 and April 2020. Rhinoplasty claims performed by all specialties were included. Data included the claim status, incident details, alleged injury, damages claimed, and damages paid. A total of 31 claims were identified by the study, equating to a total cost of £1,347,336.10. Of the 31 claims for rhinoplasty or septorhinoplasty, 9 cases were open (29%, £962,361.00) and 22 cases were closed (71%, £384,975.10). The common causes for claims were "intraoperative problems (32%)," "failure to warn-informed consent (19%)," and "foreign body left in situ (13%)." The most common injuries were "cosmetic disfigurement (39%)," "unnecessary pain (29%)," and "additional/ unnecessary operation (29%)." This study highlights the need for improved awareness of clinical negligence claims among surgeons who perform septorhinoplasty. Results are applicable to all specialties who perform the procedure. The study highlights the importance of assessing patients' motives and expectations prior to surgery and emphasizes the need for a well-documented rigorous consent process.

Are Antibiotics Needed in Septorhinoplasty? An Evidence-Based Approach.

The use of prophylactic antibiotics in the context of septorhinoplasty (SRP) is a frequently debated topic among plastic surgeons. Most surgeons routinely use antibiotics to prevent the dreaded physical and psychological morbidity of postoperative infections, although this practice is controversial. With antimicrobial resistance becoming a global threat, however, optimizing antibiotic prescribing is essential. The current evidence would suggest that the rate of postoperative infection is low and routine antibiotic use is unnecessary in SRP surgery. Rates range from 0.5 to 2% in simple SRP surgery, majority of which are minor nasal infections which respond to oral antibiotics and do not require hospital admission. In cases of complex SRP, defined as revision cases or where grafts or implants have been utilized, infection rates can be much higher with an incidence of 7 to 11%, and as such utilization of antibiotics is reasonable. When considering the regime to be utilized, a single preoperative dose of intravenous antibiotics has the same efficacy in reducing the incident of postoperative infection as a postoperative 7-day course of oral antibiotics. In the authors' practice, all patients receive a single intravenous dose of antibiotics on induction, and in the case of utilization of a graft from a nonnasal site, this is complimented with an oral course of postoperative antibiotics. With this approach, infections rates are at the lowest range of available published literature.

Investigation of ideal ointment combination to use in septorhinoplasty or nasal flap surgeries.

We aimed to create an ideal ointment combination to provide fast wound healing with the highest patient comfort after nasal surgery and nasal flap surgery. Twenty-one male Wistar rats were included. The flap survival method was used. The rats' healing process was evaluated in all groups. After having the same surgical procedure, the following ointments were applied to flap borders twice a day for seven days in each of the groups. In group 1 (Control, n=7), Dexpanthenol 5% (Dex); in group 2, Dex, Ciprofloxacin 0.5 % (Cip) and Ephedrine hydrochloride 1% (Eph); in group 3, Dex+Cip+Eph and Ketoprofen 2.5% (Ket) was applied. On the seventh postoperative day, the size of the necrosis on the flap was evaluated. Median necrotic areas on skin flaps were 36.00% sq mm in group 1, 23.00% sq mm in group 2, and 5.00% sq mm in group 3. Flap necrosis areas on skin flaps were group 3 <group 2 <group 1 (p adjusted <0.0175). The necrosis areas of groups 2 and 3 were significantly lower than the control group, and the necrosis areas of group 3 were significantly lower than group 2 (p adjusted <0.0175). For the postoperative healing process and to prevent flap necrosis, the Dex+Cip+Eph+Ket combination was recommended in the first order. Dex+Cip+Eph combination also reduced skin necrosis in the flaps as the second order. Only Dex treatment is not enough for the completion of the healing process. The best results were provided by the Dex+Cip+Eph+Ket combination and recommended its usage after septorhinoplasty surgeries or nasal flap surgeries to prevent flap necrosis.

Assessment of Patients and Surgeons Satisfaction from Nasal Function and Appearance Following Closed Reduction

Introduction: Nasal fracture is the most common fracture of the maxillofacial region, so surgeons’ and patients’ satisfaction after closed reduction from aesthetic and functional (including the effects of respiration and olfaction) perspective is important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction of surgeons and patients with the appearance and function of the nose after closed reduction surgery during 6-12 months after surgery to improve the outcomes of this procedure.&#x0D; Materials &amp; Methods: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was performed on 90 patients in Alzahra and Kashani hospitals of Isfahan during the years 1397-1398 who underwent a closed reduction of nasal fracture within 6-12 months after surgery. All patients and surgeons answered questions about aesthetic and functional outcomes and the need for septorhinoplasty after closed reduction. Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test and paired-sample t-test were used to analyze the data. P value less than 0.05 was considered as a significant level.&#x0D; Results: About 55% of patients were satisfied with the aesthetic outcome and 38.8% expressed they would consider further surgery to correct the residual nasal deformity. The mean score of surgeons’ satisfaction for nasal aesthetics and function was 3.74 and 3.50. Surgeons expressed that the patients’ requirement for septorhinoplasty is low to moderate.&#x0D; Conclusion: Satisfaction of the patient and the surgeon with the nasal closed reduction was in high-medium range. Also, according to both patients’ and surgeons’ opinions, requirement for septorhinoplasty surgery has a significant and direct relationship with aesthetic issues and also obstruction of the airway following a nasal bone fracture.

How Safe Is Airline Travel 48 Hours After Open Septo-Rhinoplasty Surgery?

Objective: The aim of this study was to find out if patients can travel safely on a plane 48 hours after open septo-rhinoplasty (SRP) surgery. Also, to compare analgesic need, mobilization time, readmission rate, side effects, time out of work and routine life between travelling and nontravellingpatients. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at Istanbul Florence Nightingale Hospitals in Istanbul/Turkey and Group Florence Hospitals in London/United Kingdom. A total of 120 patients who had SRP were included in the study. Sixty patients who traveled from London to Istanbul by plane (approximately 3 hours 40 minutes, 2520 km) for SRP surgery and returned home 48 hours after surgery were compared with 60 local patients. All patients were observed at 8, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hour intervals after surgery. Additionally, all patients who travelled from London to Istanbul were reviewed after 6 days, 14 days, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year. The analgesia need, mobilization time, readmission rate, early and late complications patterns and incidence, time out of work and daily routine was compared between the two groups. Early onset side effects include pain, discomfort, bruising, ecchymosis, edema, oozing, bleeding, septal haematoma, and late onset complications like delayed septal haematoma, delayed bleeding, infection, excess edema, breathing problems were compared between travelling and nontravelling patients. Results: The hospital stay was 24 hours for all patients. No further analgesia was needed in both groups during their hospital stay, Mobilization time was in 8 hours in both groups and none of the patients needed readmission in both groups. Common early complications in travelling patients like pain, edema, bruising, ecchymosis, minor oozing, blocked nose, and pain after 48 hours were similar to the local patients and all travelling patients felt confident and strong enough to travel after 48 hours without additional medication or treatment during or after the surgery. Conclusion: People with no underlying medical conditions, who want to travel abroad for surgery and cannot or do not want to stay longer than 48 hours due to their personal or business lives, can consider travelling back to their countries, following SRP surgery, which is as safe as having the surgery locally without travelling abroad.

Evaluation of Analgesic Effectivity of Infra Orbital Nerve Block in Open Septorhinoplasty Surgery: A Retrospective Study

This retrospective study was conducted in order to demonstrate the clinical benefit of infraorbital regional anesthesia performed with intraoperative bupivacaine injection in postoperative pain scores during open septorhinoplasty operations. Postoperative 12-hour pain scores (Visual Analogue Scales) and data obtained from patient files of analgesic consumption of 60 (33 female; 27 male) participants aged 18-45 years who underwent open septorhinoplasty, ASA group I-II, were analyzed.d. The patients were divided into two groups; the control group (group C) included the participant who underwent open septorhinoplasty surgery and did not undergo intraoperative regional anesthesia. Patients who underwent open septorhinoplasty surgery and underwent regional anesthesia with 3 mL (15 mg) of bupivacaine hydrochloride in both infraorbital foramen intraoperatively were included in the bupivacaine group (group B). Patients in group B had lower pain scores at 1 hour postoperatively compared to group C. It was observed that the effective postoperative analgesia continued consistently at the 6th and 12th hours in the patients in group B. At the same time, the need for IV analgesics at the postoperative 12 hours was significantly lower in group B compared to group C. Intraoperative infraorbital regional bupivacaine anesthesia is an effective procedure that reduces postoperative pain levels in septorhinoplasty operations and increases the postoperative comfort of patients.

Postoperative Clinical and Radiological Analysis of Deviated Noses.

Anatomical deformities can greatly alter nasal function, which can be largely corrected during septoplasty and septorhinoplasty operations. In this study, we aimed to objectively measure the results of septoplasty surgeries of deviated noses with radiological analysis and compare the results with clinical evaluations. Forty patients who were undergoing septorhinoplasty were included in the study. Patients were evaluated with preoperative and postoperative paranasal computed tomography scan measurements and satisfaction surveys. Preoperative and postoperative mean ± SD septal deviation angle measurements were 11.9 ± 5.3 degrees and 6.5 ± 3.1 degrees, respectively. Preoperative and postoperative mean ± SD septal deviation distance measurements were 7.3 ± 4 and 3 ± 1.3 mm, respectively. Preoperative and postoperative mean ± SD oblique conchal measurement on the deviated side was 17.3 ± 3.2 and 13.4 ± 2.8, respectively. Preoperative and postoperative mean ± SD patient satisfaction survey scores were 17 ± 1.9 and 4.5 ± 1.9 points, respectively. To obtain a nose with a greatly improved functional gains, especially in heavy deviated noses, is an important goal in septorhinoplasty surgery. It is essential to apply the technique that will benefit the patient. The most important success criterion seems to be the regression of the clinical complaints of the patients, which can be proven objectively with computed tomography scan measurements.

The Use of Auricular Cartilage Grafts in Septorhinoplasty: A Dual-Centre Study of Donor Site Patient-Reported Outcome Measures.

ObjectivesThe use of autologous grafts is a key aspect of contemporary septorhinoplasty. When septal cartilage is deficient, auricular cartilage serves as a biocompatible, readily accessible alternative. Our study aimed to assess donor site patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) where auricular cartilage has been harvested for use in septorhinoplasty, adding to the limited existing literature on this topic.DesignA dual-centre, single-surgeon retrospective analysis of patients undergoing septorhinoplasty surgery with augmentation using auricular cartilage grafts was conducted. Grafts were harvested using an anterior anti-helical approach. Patients were followed up at one week, three months and 12 months post-operatively. Donor site outcomes were assessed across several physical and psychological domains by adapting the EAR-Q questionnaire, which was administered via telephone consultation. Responses were quantified using a Likert scale.ResultsA total of 22 patients met our inclusion criteria. Four were lost to follow-up, five were non-responders and one case was excluded due to documentation of body dysmorphic disorder. A significant proportion of patients reported no reduction in quality of life (QOL) or confidence attributed to donor site cosmesis. High satisfaction was noted with anti-helical donor site scars. Although noticeable differences in shape and symmetry were reported, these had negligible effects across psychological domains.ConclusionsPreliminary results suggest high levels of patient satisfaction, with minimal physical and psychological donor site sequelae following auricular cartilage harvest in septorhinoplasty. Subsequent studies should involve the use of validated questionnaires, coupled with larger patient cohorts in order to provide further data for statistical analysis.

Association Between Satisfaction with Nasal Appearance and Olfactory Function in Patients Undergoing Septorhinoplasty Surgery

Any surgery has some complications, and septorhinoplasty is not an exception. The aim of this study was to highlight the relationship between satisfaction with nasal appearance and olfactory function in patients undergoing septorhinoplasty. This is a cohort study. In this study, 384 patients aged 18 to 45 years who referred to the Ear, Nose and Throat department at Rasoul Akram hospital and private clinics in 2019 underwent septorhinoplasty. All patients were tested by the Persian Smell Identification Test (PSIT) or Rapid Smell Test (RST) before surgery. They were also reassessed one and three months after surgery. Those patients with dissatisfaction with olfactory function after surgery were also followed up for three months and assessed by PSIT or RST to determine their olfactory dysfunction. One month after surgery, 73.5% of patients who were not satisfied with their nasal appearance also complained about the olfactory sense. In addition, 1.5% of patients who were satisfied with their nasal appearance also complained about the olfactory sense. There was a significant difference regarding complaints of the olfactory sense between patients satisfied with their nasal appearance and those not satisfied with their appearance (P<0.05). Three months after surgery, 78.9% patients who were not pleased with their nasal appearance also had an olfactory complaint. Besides, 0.9% of patients who were pleased with their nasal shape also had an olfactory complaint. There was a significant difference regarding olfactory complaints between patients who were pleased with their nasal shape and those who were not (P<0.05). One and three months after septorhinoplasty, most patients who are satisfied with their nasal appearance have no complaints about their olfactory sense, and most patients who are not satisfied with their nasal appearance complain about the olfactory sense. An appropriate outcome of septorhinoplasty with regard to improving olfactory functional status is accompanied by patients' satisfaction level of achieving good nasal appearance.

Is Paranasal Sinus Computed Tomography Required before Every Septorhinoplasty Surgery?

Is Paranasal Sinus Computed Tomography Required before Every Septorhinoplasty Surgery?

The Effectiveness of Rein Flap Technique in the Cosmetic Outcomes of Rhinoplasty

Background: The beauty of nasal tip is very important in septorhinoplasty surgeries. Unstable tip rotation may lead some problems in the outcome of this surgery or performing a repair surgery. Hence, using an appropriate method to save the tip rotation for the long term is considered. Materials and Methods: We studied 30 patients who underwent rhinoplasty in Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex of Tehran and Razi Hospital of Tehran and divided them equally into two groups of rein (case) and septocolumellar (control), randomly. Then, we evaluated the rotation and projection of the nasal tip (nasolabial, columellar-labial, and nasofacial angles) after 2 weeks and 6 months of the surgery. Results: In both groups, 80% and 20% of the patients were female and male, respectively. The reduction of the nasal projection (columellar-labial and nasofacial angles) and nasal rotation (nasolabial angle) was significant in both groups during 6 months after the surgery (P &gt; 0.001) that showed reduction in the nasal projection and rotation after 6 months in both group. This reduction was not significant in the nasofacial and columellar-labial angles (nasal projection) among two groups. However, in the case of nasolabial, we found less reduction in the case group that explains significant relation (P = 0.03). Discussion: Using rein flap can be used as a proper way to save the tip rotation in the long term and could be used in the patients with droopy tip noses. Conclusion: Using rein flap in nasal tissue seems to be effective in providing a stable rotation and projection. This method can be considered as a good option for providing proper projection and rotation.