Separation Of Immiscible Liquids Research Articles

Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation of Two Non-Dissolving Liquids—A Mini Review

The separation of immiscible liquids is critical in many industrial processes, such as water treatment, different extraction processes, the petroleum industry, food production, and medicine. This work provides an overview of present research on the separation of liquid mixtures. A brief summary of the thermodynamic basis is provided, covering phase equilibrium, phase diagrams, and thermodynamic properties of phases. Additionally, the fundamentals of dispersion, necessary for discussing liquid–liquid separation, are presented. Subsequently, different liquid–liquid separation methods are discussed, highlighting their advantages and limitations. These methods include decanters, coalescers, centrifugal separators, membranes and electro-coalescers for liquid–liquid separation. Phase properties, dispersion formation, and time and space constraints specify the most efficient separation method. Phase recycling is also briefly discussed as a method to reduce the environmental impact of liquid–liquid extraction with subsequent phase separation. In summary, liquid–liquid separation methods are compared and future perspectives of liquid–liquid separation are discussed.

Compositional boundary layers trigger liquid unmixing in a basaltic crystal mush

The separation of immiscible liquids has significant implications for magma evolution and the formation of magmatic ore deposits. We combine high-resolution imaging and electron probe microanalysis with the first use of atom probe tomography on tholeiitic basaltic glass from Hawaii, the Snake River Plain, and Iceland, to investigate the onset of unmixing of basaltic liquids into Fe-rich and Si-rich conjugates. We examine the relationships between unmixing and crystal growth, and the evolution of a nanoemulsion in a crystal mush. We identify the previously unrecognised role played by compositional boundary layers in promoting unmixing around growing crystals at melt-crystal interfaces. Our findings have important implications for the formation of immiscible liquid in a crystal mush, the interpretations of compositional zoning in crystals, and the role of liquid immiscibility in controlling magma physical properties.

Cellular Automata Models of Chemical Systems

This paper describes the use of kinematic, asynchronous, stochastic cellular automata to model liquid properties, solution phenomena and kinetic phenomena encountered in complex biological systems. Cellular automata models of dynamic phenomena represent in silico experiments designed to assess the effects of competing factors on the physical and chemical properties of solutions and other complex systems. Specific applications include solution behavior, separation of immiscible liquids, micelle formation, diffusion, membrane passage, first- and second-order chemical kinetics, enzyme activity and acid dissociation. Cellular automata is thus considered as providing an exploratory method for the analysis of dynamic phenomena and the discovery and understanding of new, unexpected phenomena.

Studies in Lithium Oxide Systems: VIII, Application of Silicate Liquid Immiscibility to Development of Opaque Glazes

Recent studies have shown that opaque white glasses can be obtained in the systems Li2O‐TiO2‐SiO2 and CaO–TiO2–SiO2, owing to the separation of immiscible liquids. The two phases in the lime system are easily observed under the petrographic microscope, but the dispersion of spheres in the matrix glass in the lithia system can be seen only with the higher resolutions available with the electron microscope. The two systems have been combined to yield a base for opaque glaze compositions which can be fired in the usual maturing range of vitrified whiteware bodies around 1250°C. The thermal expansion behavior of four‐component oxide glazes is discussed in the light of some glaze‐fit problems which might arise. A brief picture of the effect of other oxides such as Na2O, ZnO, BaO, and ZrO2 on the texture and opacity of these immiscible liquid glasses is presented.

Separation of Immiscible Liquids by Means of Porous Membranes

Abstract In the process industry, porous media are generally associated with filtration and diffusion. However, porous membranes also can be utilized for the separation of immiscible fluids—liquids from gases—gases from liquids—liquids from liquids. The phenomenon of interfacial tension separation as applied to liquid-liquid separatory systems is explained, together with a description of the porous membranes employed. Basic design data and operational features of liquid separatory units and systems are presented. Interesting applications and installations in the process industries are included.