Separate Domains Research Articles

Mixing small proteins with lipids and cholesterol.

Many ternary mixtures composed of saturated and unsaturated lipids with cholesterol (Chol) exhibit a region of coexistence between liquid-disordered (Ld) and liquid-ordered (Lo) domains, bearing some similarities to lipid rafts in biological membranes. However, biological rafts also contain many proteins that interact with the lipids and modify the distribution of lipids. Here, we extend a previously published lattice model of ternary DPPC/DOPC/Chol mixtures by introducing a small amount of small proteins (peptides). We use Monte Carlo simulations to explore the mixing phase behavior of the components as a function of the interaction parameter representing the affinity between the proteins and the saturated DPPC chains and for different mixture compositions. At moderate fractions of DPPC, the system is in a two-phase Ld + Lo coexistence, and the proteins exhibit a simple partition behavior between the phases that depends on the protein-lipid affinity parameter. At low DPPC compositions, the mixture is in Ld phase with local nanoscopic ordered domains. The addition of proteins with sufficiently strong attraction to the saturated lipids can induce the separation of a distinct Lo large domain with tightly packed gel-like clusters of proteins and saturated lipids. Consistent with the theory of phase transitions, we observe that the domain sizes grow when the mixture composition is in the vicinity of the critical point. Our simulations show that the addition of a small amount of proteins to such mixtures can cause their size to grow even further and lead to the formation of metastable dynamic Lo domains with sizes comparable to biological rafts.

Sustainable practices and household resilience: an empirical analysis of behavior change in times of crises

Understanding sustainability behavior is essential in tackling the global challenge of climate change. The importance of studying sustainability practices and their dynamics grows in light of recent global crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the energy crisis following the Ukraine war. These events both challenge and shape individual sustainable practices, offering opportunities for fostering individual sustainable practices and enhancing societal resilience. An online survey was conducted in Germany (n = 571, May 2023) to investigate sustainable behavior dynamics (mobility, energy-saving, and shopping habits) and to identify segments reflecting behavioral shifts. We found relative stability in sustainable mobility choices compared to pre-crisis times, with a tendency towards reduction, as well as an overall increase in energy-saving and sustainable shopping habits. Factor analyses revealed that sustainable mobility behavior (SMB) and sustainable consumer practices (SCP) formed two separate domains. Cluster analyses further identified four segments within each domain, each exhibiting unique behavioral patterns compared to pre-crisis practices. Examining individual variables, adopting more sustainable mobility practices was associated with sociodemographic factors (income, education, and area of living), higher levels of environmental awareness, institutional trust, and increased risk perceptions. Sociodemographic variables had less influence on sustainable consumer practices. Here, higher levels of knowledge, climate change awareness, trust, and risk perceptions played a significant role. Our findings highlight the importance of separately considering behavioral domains in understanding crises-induced changes in sustainability practices. Moreover, it is important to consider specific individual factors and to develop tailored interventions and policies to promote sustainable practices during volatile times.

Multi-secret Steganography in QR Codes

This paper presents a steganographic scheme that conceals two independent secrets in a single QR code. The method uses two embedding algorithms which operate in separate domains. The first algorithm embeds the secret information into segments. The resulting code is then passed to the second method which modifies some modules to hide another secret, exploiting the error correction feature of QR codes. In this way, the secret messages do not overlay and are both possible to recover. The secrets may be retrieved separately as their embedding areas are different. The presented approach is an example of multi-secret steganography which may be used for confidential data transfer.

Women entrepreneurs’ negotiation of the work–family balance in patriarchal society

ABSTRACT Through the lens of boundary theory, we explore how women entrepreneurs in patriarchal societies display bounded agency through their boundary management strategies when negotiating their roles as entrepreneurs and as wives/mothers. We selected 75 highly educated, urban women entrepreneurs from both traditionally female-dominated and nontraditional sectors who started their businesses at home to explore possible differences in their boundary management strategies. Contrary to the prominent view that the work–family interface is problematic and the work and family domains are incompatible, we find that any conflict arising from the work–family interface disappears when work and family are not understood as separate domains and entrepreneurial work is instead embedded within family life. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis, our findings demonstrate how in a patriarchal society women entrepreneurs’ boundary management strategies, negotiated in a nonconfrontational way in congruence with cultural expectations, ensure that their work boundaries remain permeable while keeping their family role sacrosanct.

A Morphological Analysis of Polish Complex Nie-Nouns: A Case of a Morphosyntactic Hybrid

The aim of this paper is to explore the thus far unstudied territory of a class of Polish hybrid complex nouns with the initial negative morpheme nie. The study seeks to determine the morphological structure of what seems to be a case of “syntax-inside-morphology” in the domain of Polish word-formation. Among a rich array of morphological structures in which the negative morpheme in question can be found, there is one word-formation type whose derivational base is, as will be argued below, a syntactic phrase. I wish to demonstrate conclusively that what appears to be sheer concatenation of morphological building blocks is, in fact, a complex noun built on a phrasal unit. This atypical combination of seemingly incompatible categories in separate grammatical domains can be referred to as a morphosyntactic hybrid. I believe that the study may have far-reaching consequences for the descriptive adequacy of the Polish word-formation system and point to new directions in the discussion on the morphology-syntax interface.

Decolonizing Ukrainian Art History

Abstract In this article, we analyze the influence of the colonial policy of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union on Ukrainian art-historical writing. As we shall reveal, the mechanisms of knowledge production created during that period continued to operate after the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine in 1991. The limitations that were imposed on the art-historical community, which can be regarded as colonial, shaped the crucial narratives (of the “triune nation”) and dictated the thematic scope of Ukrainian scholarship. The new notion of “mysteztvoznavstvo,” introduced in 1937 instead of the previously established Theory and History of Art, eventually led to a profound rift between Soviet Russian and Ukrainian scholarship and the Western world more generally. “Mysteztvoznavstvo” was supposed to be an umbrella term for art history, theory, and art criticism but ended up doing a disservice to each domain. Art theory in Ukraine was virtually nonexistent, whereas art history was mixed with art criticism, resulting in writing that did not meet widely accepted academic standards. This led to the isolation of Ukrainian scholars, who were confined to the Russian-speaking community and had very limited access to foreign scholarship. We also analyze the decolonization processes in the history of Ukrainian art prompted by the invasion of the Russian Federation into Ukraine after 2013, such as The Revolution of Dignity and “decommunization.” We argue that horizontal art history and decolonial approaches cannot adequately be applied if colonial tools are still used by the discipline. Epistemic decolonization can only be achieved after challenging the standards of “mysteztvoznavstvo” and, thus, by dividing art studies into three separate domains: art history, art theory, and art criticism, as each discipline has its own goals and methods.

Magnetic Field Evolution of the Solar Active Region 13664

On 2024 May 10–11, the strongest geomagnetic storm since 2003 November occurred, with a peak Dst index of −412 nT. The storm was caused by NOAA active region (AR) 13664, which was the source of a large number of coronal mass ejections and flares, including 12 X-class flares. Starting from about May 7, AR 13664 showed a steep increase in its size and (free) magnetic energy, along with increased flare activity. In this study, we perform 3D magnetic field extrapolations with the NF2 nonlinear force-free code based on physics-informed neural networks (R. Jarolim et al.). In addition, we introduce the computation of the vector potential to achieve divergence-free solutions. We extrapolate vector magnetograms from the Solar Dynamics Observatory’s Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager at the full 12 minute cadence from 2024 May 5 00:00 to 11 04:36 UT, in order to understand the AR’s magnetic evolution and the large eruptions it produced. A decrease in the calculated relative free magnetic energy can be related to solar flares in ∼90% of the cases, and all considered X-class flares are reflected by a decrease in the relative free magnetic energy. Regions of enhanced free magnetic energy and depleted magnetic energy between the start and end times of major X-class flares show spatial alignment with brightness increases in extreme-ultraviolet observations. We provide a detailed analysis of the X3.9-class flare on May 10, where we show that the interaction between separated magnetic domains is directly linked to major flaring events. With this study, we provide a comprehensive data set of the magnetic evolution of AR 13664 and make it publicly available for further analysis.

Can't Contracting Be Relational? Comment on "Alignment in the Hospital-Physician Relationship: A Qualitative Multiple Case Study of Medical Specialist Enterprises in the Netherlands".

Ubels and van Raaij provide a valuable account of the operation of novel hospital/medical specialist enterprise (MSE) contracts in a Dutch healthcare system shaped by market reform. However, their analytical distinction between the separate domains of contractual and relational governance frames the contractual domain more narrowly than does the relational contract theory widely deployed in socio-legal studies. The authors' conclusion that contract plays little or no part in governing relations between hospitals and MSEs leads them to underplay a wider realm of contractual practices that develop in the shadow of the written contract. Apparent non-use of contracts in favour of shared planning, compromise and extra-legal solutions only takes the form it does because of the potential application of the available legal framework. Larger qualitative field studies involving a more extensive combination of interviews and observations may be needed to gain fuller insights into the relational dimensions of the contracting process.

Dynamical properties of two coupled quantum cavities with single-mode amplification.

Coupled optical cavities provide one of the simplest possible schemes to engineer the interaction of bosonic modes. This paper investigates a two-mode model where, in addition to the usual mode coupling, the presence of an amplification term associated to one of the modes triggers an unexpectedly rich dynamical scenario. The resulting nontrivial model is diagonalized by implementing the dynamical-algebra method, a group-theoretic approach which allows one to determine the stability diagram of the model Hamiltonian in terms of the two mode frequencies for given values of the interaction and amplification parameters. The mode interaction significantly modifies the simple amplification effect of the noninteracting model causing the separation of the unstable domain (where the amplification takes place) into two subdomains, one of which is stable, features no amplification effect, and exhibits an extension controlled by the interaction parameter. The analysis of stability properties is corroborated by the fully analytic study of the energy spectrum which exhibits the transition from a discrete to a continuous structure whenever the system undergoes the transition from a stable region to an unstable region where the amplification effect occurs. This scenario is further confirmed by the calculation of the time evolution of the mode populations.

Inhomogeneous strain partitioning in the Cenozoic Bohai Bay Basin controlled by pre-existing crustal fabrics and oblique subduction: Insights from the Jizhong and Huanghua subbasins

The tectonic features and geodynamics of the Bohai Bay Basin (BBB) have been extensively studied over several decades. It is generally accepted that the Cenozoic BBB was subjected to a superimposed extensional and strike-slip stress field. However, the specific basin-forming mechanism remains ambiguous. Basin-scale studies with high spatial and temporal resolution reveal how strain migrates and localizes during multiphase rifting. Understanding these strain-related processes is crucial for deciphering the formation mechanisms and controlling factors of rift basins. This study investigates the rift-related evolution and strain partitioning in the Jizhong and Huanghua subbasins, the western half of the BBB. Using high-resolution 3D and 2D seismic datasets and well data, we present detailed geological sections, residual thickness maps, and fault systems, showing two distinct patterns of strain partitioning in the Cenozoic. In the Jizhong Subbasin, strain migrated inwards from the NE-trending boundary faults and finally became localized along the NE-trending rift axis; in the Huanghua Subbasin, strain migrated northeastwards from the southern part and then was largely localized along the near E–W-trending faults in the northeastern part. By integrating our results with previous studies of other subbasins, we identify two separate extensional domains within the Cenozoic BBB. The suborthogonal extensional domain in the Jizhong Subbasin is dominated by relatively stable NW–SE extension. In contrast, the extended areas to the east (i.e., the Huanghua, Bozhong, and Liaohe-Liaodongwan subbasins) comprise the oblique extensional domain, characterized by asymmetric transtensional pull-apart deformation and subjected to a clockwise-rotated extensional stress field from NW–SE to NNW–SSE. We suggest that the spatially inhomogeneous strain partitioning in the BBB has developed since the middle Eocene, and was controlled by the interaction of pre-existing crustal fabrics (e.g., the Tan-Lu Fault Zone) and the oblique subduction of the Pacific Plate. The boundary between the two domains may represent a transition zone where the margin-parallel residual velocity component of the oblique convergence decreased considerably landwards. Our study highlights the Cenozoic strain evolution and the associated geodynamics in the BBB, emphasizing the strain complexity within the back-arc rift basin under the oblique subduction background.

Culture of safety in an adult and paediatric emergency department before and after the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundThe WHO recognises patient safety as a serious public health problem. The COVID-19 pandemic affected adult EDs (AEDs) and paediatric EDs (PEDs) differently. We compared the culture of safety in...

Impact of N-Terminal Domain Conformation and Domain Interactions on RfaH Fold Switching.

RfaH is a two-domain metamorphic protein involved in transcription regulation and translation initiation. To carry out its dual functions, RfaH relies on two coupled structural changes: Domain dissociation and fold switching. In the free state, the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RfaH adopts an all-α fold and is tightly associated with the N-terminal domain (NTD). Upon binding to RNA polymerase (RNAP), the domains dissociate and the CTD transforms into an all-β fold while the NTD remains largely, but not entirely, unchanged. We test the idea that a change in the conformation of an extended β-hairpin (β3-β4) located on the NTD, helps trigger domain dissociation. To this end, we use homology modeling to construct a structure, H1, which is similar to free RfaH but with a remodeled β3-β4 hairpin. We then use an all-atom physics-based model enhanced with a dual basin structure-based potential to simulate domain separation driven by the thermal unfolding of the CTD with NTD in a fixed, folded conformation. We apply our model to both free RfaH and H1. For H1 we find, in line with our hypothesis, that the CTD exhibits lower stability and the domains dissociate at a lower temperature T, as compared to free RfaH. We do not, however, observe complete refolding to the all-β state in these simulations, suggesting that a change in β3-β4 orientation aids in, but is not sufficient for, domain dissociation. In addition, we study the reverse fold switch in which RfaH returns from a domain-open all-β state to its domain-closed all-α state. We observe a T-dependent transition rate; fold switching is slow at low T, where the CTD tends to be kinetically trapped in its all-β state, and at high-T, where the all-α state becomes unstable. Consequently, our simulations suggest an optimal T at which fold switching is most rapid. At this T, the stabilities of both folds are reduced. Overall, our study suggests that both inter-domain interactions and conformational changes within NTD may be important for the proper functioning of RfaH.

Viral ecologies: Resurgent nature, COVID-19 and the discourse of transgender contagion

During the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, popular narratives of a ‘resurgent nature’ and portrayals of the virus as a form of ‘revenge’ prompted geographical reflection on the promises and limitations of ecological perspectives on the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Revisiting these reflections in the light of what we have learned from the pandemic, this article asks what is to be gained by attempting to think critically with the virus about human space as multispecies composition. Thinking ecologically with the virus can become a method for critically reconsidering naturalised and dualistic orders of exclusion and inclusion, health and unhealth, or belonging and unbelonging. Specifically, we focus in this article on the overlap of immunological and trans-antagonistic discourses with viral imaginaries of the pandemic, exploring the paradox of vulnerability that arises at this point of intersection. COVID-19 simultaneously highlights humans’ mutual vulnerability as a horizontalising force and amplifies differential social vulnerabilities. In examining this paradox of vulnerability as it relates to viral discursive constructions of transness, we explore tensions between different modes of engaging, identifying and thinking with the virus in recognition that the social and the ecological cannot properly be considered as separate domains. The aim is not simply to propose an extended epidemiology that takes into account the complex human–nonhuman entanglement, but to explore the social, cultural and political implications of pandemic vulnerabilities and of thinking ecologically with the virus. We trace the shared conceptual underpinnings of ecological and immunological thought, showing that these same conceptual lineages manifest in political responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and exploring how they are expressed in queer- and trans-antagonistic discourse and policy. Building on these analyses, we develop a proposal for ‘transing’ the virus and a model for ‘thinking ecologically’ that is simultaneously liberatory, messy and agnostic.

Impedimetric Characterization of NanA Structural Domains Activity on Sialoside-Containing Interfaces.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a pathogenic bacterium that contains the surface-bound neuraminidase, NanA. NanA has two domains that interact with sialosides. It is hard to determine the contribution of each domain separately on catalysis or binding. In this work, we used biochemical methods to obtain the separated domains, applied electrochemical and surface analysis approaches, and determined the catalytic and binding preferences toward a surface-bound library of sialosides. Impedimetric studies on two different surfaces revealed that protein-surface interactions provide a tool for distinguishing the unique contribution of each domain at the interface affecting the substrate preference of the enzyme in different surroundings. We showed that each domain has a sialoside-specific affinity. Furthermore, while the interaction of the sialoside-covered surface with the carbohydrate-binding domain results in an increase in impedance and binding, the catalytic domain adheres to the surface at high concentrations but retains its catalytic activity at low concentrations.

Fault domain separation networks: A cross-domain diagnostic method for variable operating conditions in the elevator guidance system

High-speed elevators play a critical role in vertical transportation. However, they may exhibit different working conditions under varying operating conditions, posing challenges for fault diagnosis. We propose a model named fault domain separation networks (FDSN) to tackle the cross-domain diagnostic problem of guidance system by leveraging transfer learning techniques. FDSN comprises three distinct modules that extract invariant fault features and variable operating condition features, and use orthogonal loss function for feature decoupling, achieving effective feature allocation, and mitigating the impact of variable operating conditions on fault diagnosis. To evaluate and demonstrate the efficacy of FDSN, a high-speed elevator platform is constructed, and fault vibration data under various working conditions are simulated to form a comprehensive dataset. The proposed FDSN achieved an average diagnostic accuracy of 92.7% in cross-domain diagnostic tasks, outperforming other comparative methods and demonstrating the remarkable superiority.

Consumers’ quest for justice: a multi-actor analysis of formal legal complaints

ABSTRACT Third-party consumer complaints are relatively under-studied despite being the most effortful variant of consumer complaining behavior (CCB). We address this gap by performing a qualitative thematic analysis on adjudicated legal claims selected through multiphase sampling. Through a mix of the inductive and deductive approaches, under-emphasized themes of the phenomenon are extracted from the perspectives of the disputants, adjudicator(s), and the system at the macro level and then summarized into an actionable grievance continuum. We contribute to theory, practice, and policy by linking the hitherto separate domains of market-shaping and consumer complaints and delineating systemic challenges in managing consumer claims.

The Impact of Your Leadership in Human Resource Management: An Exploratory Study on the Oil Marketing Company

The importance of the marketing function at board level is often underestimated and its role in driving change in HR is often undervalued. This research examines how marketing can partner with organizational leadership for a mutually beneficial exchange of marketing skills and capabilities to be able to realign human resources quickly enough to deal with shifts in the external business environment and create a sustainable future for the business. The current research explores the concept of “marketing leadership” from an interpretive perspective that challenges the traditional view of marketing and leadership as two separate domains and offers a comprehensive approach to human resource management. The descriptive survey method was used for this research, and the research population was the oil marketing company. The current research assumed that marketing leadership affects human resources management. The research concluded that marketing leadership greatly affects human resources management and its dimensions, with an average effect of (0.52). This indicates a high and significant impact of marketing leadership on human resources management.

The Archaeal Cell Cycle.

Since first identified as a separate domain of life in the 1970s, it has become clear that archaea differ profoundly from both eukaryotes and bacteria. In this review, we look across the archaeal domain and discuss the diverse mechanisms by which archaea control cell cycle progression, DNA replication, and cell division. While the molecular and cellular processes archaea use to govern these critical cell biological processes often differ markedly from those described in bacteria and eukaryotes, there are also striking similarities that highlight both unique and common principles of cell cycle control across the different domains of life. Since much of the eukaryotic cell cycle machinery has its origins in archaea, exploration of the mechanisms of archaeal cell division also promises to illuminate the evolution of the eukaryotic cell cycle.

Composition Dependence of Flow-Induced Crystallization in High-Density Polyethylene/Isotactic Polypropylene Blends.

Polyolefins, including high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and isotactic polypropylene (iPP), account for over half of the worldwide plastics market and have wide-ranging applications. Recycling of these materials is hindered due to separation difficulties as co-mingled blends of HDPE and iPP often exhibit brittle mechanical behavior because phase separated domains detach under stress due to low interfacial adhesion. Motivated to improve mechanical properties of mixed recyclates during processing, this work examines the effect of shear on the crystallization kinetics and rheological properties of HDPE-iPP blends utilizing a combination of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheo-Raman spectroscopy, polarized optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the quiescent experiments, the crystallization temperature as a function of blend composition exhibits a distinct decrease when the iPP forms the droplet phase, as expected, due to fractionated crystallization. In the presence of shear, we find elongated domains due to high capillary number. Unexpectedly, we find a compositional dependence to the flow-induced crystallization (FIC) of iPP: stronger FIC is observed in all blends compared to the pure iPP. Moreover, the flow completely counteracts the reduced crystallization arising from fractionated crystallization, indicating that the flow is able to induce nucleation in droplets to an extent such that it offsets the reduction in active nucleating agents in finite size droplets. We attribute these effects to differing microflow fields in the various morphologies as the iPP domains deform under shear.

Uncovering Intermolecular Interactions Driving the Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of the TDP-43 Low-Complexity Domain via Atomistic Dimerization Simulations.

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43), which exerts multiple functions in the splicing, trafficking, and stabilization of RNA, mediates the formation of membraneless condensates with crucial physiological roles, while its aberrant LLPS is linked to multiple neurodegenerative diseases. However, due to the heterogeneous and dynamic nature of LLPS, major gaps remain in understanding the precise intermolecular interactions driving LLPS and how specific mutations alter LLPS dynamics. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the LLPS of the TDP-43 low-complexity domain (LCD) by simulating the dimerization process using all-atom discrete molecular dynamics with microsecond-long simulations. Our results showed that the TDP-43 LCD was intrinsically disordered, with helical structures consistent with prior nuclear magnetic resonance studies. Phase separation propensity was assessed by simulating the dimerization of the TDP-43 LCD and four mutants, showing that A321G, W334G, and M337V inhibited self-association, while G335D promoted it, fully consistent with experimental reports. During the dimerization process, two peptides experienced both elastic and nonelastic collisions, and the self-associated dimer featured both high- and low-contact states. These results suggested that the dimerization process of the TDP-43 LCD was accordingly dynamic and heterogeneous. Additionally, we identified crucial regions containing hydrophobic clusters and aromatic residues in the N-terminus, central region, and C-terminus that were essential for the self-association of the TDP-43 LCD. These residues with high binding affinities can act as stickers to form peptide networks in LLPS. Together, our simulation provides a comprehensive picture of the intermolecular interactions driving the phase separation of the TDP-43 LCD, offering insights into both physiological functions and pathological mechanisms.