Separate Category Research Articles

Факторы самоэффективности педагогов в кросс-культурном контексте

<p>The article presents the results of a study where we tried to clarify the status of the category <em>self-efficacy</em> as a phenomenon that supposedly depends on a number of factors: the country of residence of teachers, the age and experience of their professional activities, indicators of mental burnout, and also (school teachers as a separate category of teachers) do they work with children with disabilities. 481 participants from Russia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, and the Kyrgyz Republic aged from 20 to 60+ years were recruited for this study, 96,7% of them were women. 182 participants were teachers, 110 of them were teachers of inclusive education. The following methods were used: the Professional Burnout technique, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, and statistical methods for processing the results. The results didn't show any difference in self-efficacy according to the country of residence. The age and associated work experience of teachers, working with children with disabilities also did not influence self-efficacy. Regression analysis showed a negative impact of the reduction of personal achievements on self-efficacy in all subgroups formed according to the country of residence. Based on the data obtained, it is concluded that the reduction of personal achievements has the greatest negative impact on teachers' self-efficacy; accordingly, it is assumed that work on the prevention of this component is effective when it is about forming teachers’ self-efficacy. We outline research prospects related to other possible self-efficacy factors.</p>

Representation of gender images of female military in the Ukrainian media

Based on developments in gender sociology, the theoretical foundations of patriarchal and egalitarian approaches to gender images via analysis of gender roles are defined. The patriarchal approach to gender roles is based on biological determinism and essentialism and creates a clear division into male and female roles that are often opposed. Appealing to the principles of sociobiology, this approach involves the gendered division of labor laid down into gender-role stereotypes; assigning different psychological and behavioral characteristics to women and men with the help of gender traits and a gendered perception of appearance. Accordingly, the main attributes of femininity are attachment to reproductive and caring work; softness and emotionality, and a canonically attractive appearance. The increase in the number of female military personnel since the beginning of the full-scale Russian invasion has led to an increase in their visibility in the media, which can be considered an egalitarian trend.The empirical basis of the article is a qualitative content analysis of selected 48 media materials published in the period from February 24, 2022, to April 25, 2024, which contain references to the participation of female military personnel in the Russo-Ukrainian war.Quotes conveying gender-role stereotypes, appearance stereotypes, and gender trait stereotypes were coded within the patriarchal approach. Gender-role stereotypes manifested themselves in narratives about the traditional division of roles, the exoticization of female military personnel, benevolent sexism, and protective paternalism toward military women.Within the framework of the egalitarian approach, two strategies were considered: gender neutrality and gender sensitivity. In the framework of the first, the identity of the “military person” came to the fore, as opposed to the gender identity. In the materials of the sample, this was reflected both in the phrases of the heroines that “there are no men and women at the front”, and from the side of the media, which used similar phrases for the titles of the materials. When applying the strategy of gender sensitivity, women in the Armed Forces of Ukraine (AFU) were discursively singled out in a separate category, in particular, on behalf of the media. It was said that women in the army occupy various positions, both rear and combat, and this is not an anomaly or an exception to the rules. At the same time, the issue of the fact that women face certain challenges (access to military equipment is still quite limited) and have unmet needs, such as the lack of women’s uniforms, equipment, and limitations in personal hygiene, was brought up.

Looking to see, listening to hear, learning to understand: centring Indigenous relationality to pursue a more-than-disciplinary academy

Indigenous scholars argue that the reciprocal relationality of life should be taken more seriously in scholarship responding to environmental crisis; however, much of orthodox academia analyses the environment as a separate category through the physical and social science disciplines. This article shows how human exceptionalism, human centrism, racial discrimination, and Euro-American centric privilege interweave in academic institutions and practices, often invisibly and thus insidiously, to dismiss Indigenous scholarship and lived experiences. We explore how to meaningfully address these problematics, presenting examples from our academic practices to overturn colonial and imperial privilege. We present a more-than-disciplinary approach to undiscipline nature, knowledge, and peoples. We argue that this paradigm shift is best led by Indigenous leaders in relationality, whose expert knowledge inheritance already holds nature with society. We present an Indigenous, pedological approach, to help destabilise orthodox academic disciplinary approaches and organisational structures through foregrounding Indigenous learning and knowledge systems.

Association between arterial oxygen tension with clinical outcomes in patients undergoing VA-ECMO support: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis

Abstract Background Arterial hyperoxia has been associated with a worse prognosis in critically ill patients. However, studies conducted in patients undergoing Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VA-ECMO) used inconsistent and arbitrary thresholds for defining hyperoxia, which impeded the determination of the optimal target for arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) in this population. Purpose To investigate and visualise the dose-response relationship between post-ECMO level of PaO2 with early mortality (in-hospital and 1-month) and poor neurological outcomes in adult patients undergoing VA-ECMO support, including Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (ECPR). Methods A systematic search was conducted through Pubmed and Embase to include studies that stratified patients based on PaO2 levels and evaluated relevant outcomes. We utilised either adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) when available, or unadjusted OR against the lowest exposure category. The median, mean, or midpoint value of PaO2 was assigned as the corresponding dose. A random-effects one-stage dose-response meta-analysis was performed to assess linear association for every 10 mmHg increase in PaO2, while potential non-linear relationship was explored with restricted cubic splines at 3 knots (10th, 50th, and 90th percentile). Non-linearity was assessed by using Wald test with p value <0.05 considered significant. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA 17.0. Results Fourteen eligible records were identified (cardiogenic shock/CS = 5 records; ECPR = 8 records; both = 1 record). Only four studies classified a separate category for hypoxemic patients (<60 mmHg). PaO2 levels were measured within 24-72 hours of VA-ECMO initiation, except in one study. PaO2 level was not associated with early mortality (9 studies; OR 1.021 [95% CI 0.988–1.055]; p for non-linearity = 0.893), but found to have a linear association with composite poor neurological outcomes (6 studies; OR 1.016 [1.009–1.024]; p for non-linearity = 0.346). Subgroup analysis of CS patients revealed a linear association between PaO2 >100 mmHg and early mortality (4 studies; OR 1.025 [95%CI 1.018–1.032]; p for non-linearity = 0.255). For ECPR patients, a J-shaped relationship was observed between PaO2 and early mortality (5 studies; p for non-linearity = 0.004), with the lowest odds being at PaO2 level of 110-210 mmHg, while PaO2 level >110 mmHg showed a linear trend towards higher odds of poor neurological function (4 studies; OR 1.091 [95%CI 0.938–1.269]; p for non-linearity = 0.257). Conclusion Pooled data from observational studies suggest that PaO2 >100 mmHg should be avoided in CS patients on VA-ECMO support, given its linear association with mortality, but it cannot be extrapolated to hypoxemic patients. In ECPR patients, PaO2 level around 110-210 mmHg conferred the best clinical outcomes. However, these findings should be confirmed through randomised controlled trials.

The decline of feminine gender: a cross-dialectal study of seven Norwegian dialects

This paper presents a cross-dialectal study of grammatical gender in Norwegian nominal phrases. Specifically, we investigate the decline of the feminine gender in three age groups across seven different dialects. The dialects vary in their morphological richness of gender marking: some dialects traditionally have more distinctive marking of the feminine gender. With an elicited production experiment, we investigate gender marking on the indefinite determiner and the definite suffix. We find that feminine gender is in decline in all dialects, but there are clear differences between the locations and between age groups. The feminine indefinite determiner ei is replaced by the masculine en at different rates and to a different degree in the various dialects. We furthermore find that the feminine definite suffix -a is retained in all locations except for Stavanger. We argue that the decline of the feminine gender can be explained by an interplay between the morphological richness of the given dialect and dialect contact. The former helps to retain the feminine as a separate category, while the latter accelerates the loss of the feminine.

Key themes of community-oriented primary care projects from a longitudinal, rural interprofessional health professions curriculum (1997–2023)

BackgroundThe Community Oriented Primary Care Project Model (COPC) has been well studied globally as well as in the United States as a way to provide both community-centered primary care and to engage in community based research. Rural trainees through the University of Illinois College of Medicine’s Rural Medical Education Program (RMED) and Rural Pharmacy Education Program (RPHARM) students through the University of Illinois Chicago College of Pharmacy have participated in a COPC project as a capstone to a four month longitudinal, immersive community-based experience in a rural primary care setting. The purpose of this study was to assess the type of projects implemented through a rural health professions curriculum over a 30 year project period. .MethodsA research team reviewed projects on 30 elements; including topic and demographics. Patterns in COPC topics and rurality of the location in which the COPC project were also examined by using 2021 U.S. Census Bureau population data and Rural Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) Code.ResultsCOPC projects were categorized into 31 main topic areas with mental health being the most prevalent topic area covered by projects (n = 67, 15.7%) followed by 43 (10.1%) projects that focused on nutrition/exercise, and 41 (9.6%) focused on substance use (presented as a separate category from mental health in this analysis).ConclusionsFor three decades, COPC themes reflect priority health issues in rural communities while providing a scholarly activity for health profession student trainees Past projects have also been implemented in highly rural areas where research is not often conducted. The COPC research process can be easily replicated in other trainee models such as to fulfill ACGME requirements of scholarly activity and can provide a template for trainees of this model to implement community-engaged research in the future.

Decipher 'Em All: A Profiling Study on the Effects of Acyl Groups in O-Acyl-ω-hydroxy Fatty Acids.

The O-acyl-ω-hydroxy fatty acids (OAHFAs) are an intriguing class of surface-active lipids which can be found in the human tear film lipid layer (TFLL). Recent studies have suggested that OAHFAs exist in the polar lipid layer and play a central role in TFLL function. Surprisingly, biophysical profiling studies have only shed light on the properties of OAHFAs bearing an oleate acyl group and insights on species with other acyl groups are scarce. Herein, we seek to address this issue through (1) focusing on the synthesis and characterization of a representative library of OAHFA analogues bearing a palmitate, palmitoleate, stearate, and linoleate acyl group, and (2) performing an in-depth mapping of their biophysical properties. Our results indicate that NMR-spectroscopic techniques can be utilized for rough estimation of the amounts of distinct acyl groups in a sample and more importantly, how the subtle variations in both parent chains and acyl groups influence the core properties of the OAHFAs. We reach the conclusion that the correlation between melting points and film properties is not as clear-cut as previously thought. Nevertheless, grouping of OAHFA species into three separate categories which display distinct behavior seems to be possible utilizing the melting points as a guiding parameter. Altogether, our study suggests that the properties of OAHFAs need to be assessed from a viewpoint which combines both the parent chain and acyl group instead of independent analysis based on either fragment alone.

Математическая модель выкладки товаров на полочном пространстве складского стеллажа с одновременной горизонтальной и вертикальной категоризацией товаров

The organization of the product allocation on the shelf space of the warehouse rack with the creation of separate categories allows for a more rational use of available resources. This allows for optimization of warehouse space by ensuring a compact and logical product arrangement, making them easy to find and retrieve. This approach also reduces the amount of time spent on processing orders and reduces the likelihood of picking errors. As a result, the overall efficiency of warehouse operations and inventory management is improved. The purpose of the study is to develop a mathematical model of product allocation on a warehouse rack with simultaneous categorization of goods and shelves vertically and horizontally. The study is important for warehouse logistics.

What is wrong with gentrification-related displacement?

Recently a number of theorists argue that physical displacement as a result of gentrification ought to be morally rejected on the basis of the principle of personal autonomy: displacement violates the option to exercise “place-based” or “located life-plans.” What is adversely violated is the neighborhood as a spatial background condition for the ability to realize embedded pursuits. I argue that this attempt to morally value social attachments to a particular place as means (or resources) to realize plans, is unconvincing and subject to moral risk because it instrumentalizes social attachments instead of recognizing their intrinsic significance for those concerned. The paper provides an alternative account of urban justice that is able to accommodate respect for social attachments as a separate moral category, distinct from respect for personal autonomy.

Effect of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption on Human Health: An Update of the Literature

Several meta-analyses have consistently demonstrated that the consumption of an adequate level of fruit and vegetables (F&V), along with other food groups, is associated with a low risk of all-cause mortality, and, as such, represents one of the major modifiable risk factors related to the growing burden of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). The aim of the present narrative review was to provide an up-to-date analysis of systematic reviews and meta-analyses published in the past five years, dealing with the effects of F&V consumption on human health, focusing on specific pathologies, such as total mortality, cancer, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), type 2 diabetes, intestinal inflammation, and bone and respiratory illnesses. The results of our evaluation confirmed and consolidated the protective role of F&V consumption against the development of NCDs, especially CVDs. However, the need to corroborate existing evidence and clarify the role of confounding factors by performing additional randomized control trials and adopting more standardized approaches and study designs also emerged. Moreover, evaluating the protective role of fruit and vegetables as separate food categories appeared to be one of the most interesting areas to investigate in the near future. Overall, these outcomes could help in addressing future research to better establish a causal relationship between F&V consumption and human health.

Evaluation of Autoconversion Representation in E3SMv2 Using an Ensemble of Large‐Eddy Simulations of Low‐Level Warm Clouds

AbstractIn numerical atmospheric models that treat cloud and rain droplet populations as separate condensate categories, precipitation initiation in warm clouds is often represented by an autoconversion rate , which is the rate of formation of new rain droplets through the collisions of cloud droplets. Being a function of the cloud droplet size distribution (DSD), the local is commonly parameterized as a function of DSD moments: cloud droplet number and mass concentrations. When applied in a large‐scale model, the grid‐mean must also include a correction, or enhancement factor, to account for the horizontal variability of the cloud properties across the model grid. In this study, we evaluate the Au representation in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 2 (E3SMv2) climate model using large‐eddy simulations (LES), which explicitly resolve cloud droplet spectra, and therefore the local , as well as its spatial variability. The analysis of an ensemble of warm low‐level cloud cases shows that the E3SMv2 formulation represents the reasonably well compared to the horizontally averaged explicitly computed rate from LES. The agreement, however, comes from a combination of an underestimated E3SM‐tuned local rate and an overestimated subgrid cloud variability enhancement factor. The latter bias is traced to neglecting the horizontal variability of and its co‐variability with in parameterizing the grid‐mean .

THE ROLE OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL DISCOURSE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SCIENTIFIC LANGUAGETRAINING OF ENGINEERS

In this article the content analysis of the concept “scientific and technical discourse” is carried out and various aspects of this concept are systematized. Based on foreign and domestic practices, the main components that characterize scientific and technical discourse as a separate category have been revealed. The key characteristics and properties of scientific and technical discourse are identified, the knowledge and use of which will ensure successful communication in the scientific and technical environment. The specific influence of the identified characteristics on the effectiveness of scientific training has been clarified, since their correct use can significantly increase the quality of language education and training of technical specialists as a whole, improve their professional knowledge and language skills, as well as make them more competitive in the labor market.This scientific work is the result of research obtained in the process of project implementation “Intensification of scientific and professional language training of technical specialists in the context of digital transformation of education” (IRN AP19678460) by the grant funding of Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

“When men were men”: the effects of Gender Nostalgia on bias against trans men and women

ABSTRACT In recent years, many people have expressed opposition to the increased public representation of trans men and women. This opposition often includes a sentimental longing for a bygone past wherein ‘men were men, and women were women’. Across three studies (N = 860), we investigated the causes and consequences of this longing, herein called Gender Nostalgia. In Study 1, we developed a measure of Gender Nostalgia, and found it to be a uniquely strong predictor of extreme forms of anti-trans bias such as acceptance of anti-trans violence. Critically, Gender Nostalgia predicted acceptance of anti-trans violence above-and-beyond other direct measures of anti-trans bias and relevant demographics. Study 2 replicated Study 1 and investigated predictors of Gender Nostalgia, finding that Gender Nostalgia was strongly predicted by participants’ self-reported gender essentialism (e.g. the belief that men and women are discretely separate social categories). Study 3 experimentally manipulated participants’ perceptions of the degree to which traditional masculinity/femininity has changed over time. Results indicated that among participants high, but not low, in gender essentialism, considering eroding traditional masculinity/femininity increased Gender Nostalgia and acceptance of anti-trans violence. Discussion surrounds the importance of considering Gender Nostalgia when investigating people’s bias against trans men and women.

Jednostranná nebo konkludentní? Problematické aspekty volby práva (nejen) v zajišťovacích instrumentech ve světle aktuální judikatury

This article deals with cases of <i>unilateral</i> and <i>tacit</i> choice of law, as less common examples of choice of law. These are entirely separate categories. Unilateral choice reflects the fact that it is the result of the will of only one person, and typically appears in unilateral legal acts (such as a financial guarantee in Czech law). Tacit choice, on the other hand, indicates that the intent to choose the law was expressed in a non-explicit way. Choice of law can be at the same time both unilateral and tacit, although this will not occur very often in practice. In the case of unilateral legal acts in the field of contract and tort law, there is a debate whether their conflict of laws regime falls under the EU’s unified conflict of laws rules (Rome I or Rome II Regulation) or under national law. There is no clear decision on the issue by the CJEU. The Czech Supreme Court has recently been given the opportunity to comment on this and some other issues of unilateral and implied choice of law. However, the Court rather missed this opportunity. It avoided the question of whether the national law or the Rome I Regulation applies to unilateral legal acts similar to a declaration of guarantee by (unfortunately incorrectly) applying the Rome Convention. The Court also applied the rules for a bilateral choice of law to an apparently unilateral choice of law in a rather complex manner. Moreover, its conclusion that the choice subjecting the declaration in question to “Danish statutes” is only an implied choice and not an express one is at least questionable. The article critically assesses this decision and shows in what respects a different (and more correct) course of action should be followed.

Investigating the Reasons behind Companion Animal Relinquishment: A Systematic Content Analysis of Shelter Records for Cats and Dogs, 2018-2023.

The relinquishment of companion animals to shelters presents significant challenges for animal welfare organizations and has substantial implications for the well-being of both the animals and their owners. This study aims to investigate the reasons for voluntarily relinquishing animals to shelters, to examine species-specific differences (cats and dogs), to compare initial relinquishments to returns (re-relinquishments or readmissions), and to identify potential changes over a 6-year period framing the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. A retrospective analysis of owner relinquishment records from an open admission shelter in the US was conducted using content analysis, a novel approach in this area of research. A total of 13 relinquishment reason categories were identified, as well as 9 separate categories for specific behavioral issues. Among 2836 randomly selected records, the most frequent reasons cited were Behavior Issues (28%), Housing/Moving (18%), Unable to Care (16%), Too Many Pets (10%), Financial (6%), and Owner Allergies (5%). The most common behavioral reasons reported were Aggression (32% of behavioral surrenders), Social Conflict (28%), and Soiling (13%). However, differences were observed in the pattern of relinquishment reasons based on statistical analyses of species, type of relinquishment, and year. Regarding temporal trends, Housing/Moving and Financial reasons were not found to have changed significantly since the pandemic, but the relative frequency of the category Unable to Care increased significantly in 2022 and 2023. Collectively, these findings partially replicate those from research spanning the past several decades in this area that has employed less systematic methodology and can further be used to help identify and understand the primary drivers of owner relinquishments.

Maternal Vascular Malperfusion and Anatomic Cord Abnormalities Are Prevalent in Pregnancies With Fetal Congenital Heart Disease.

Impairments in the maternal-fetal environment are associated with adverse postnatal outcomes among infants with congenital heart disease. Therefore, we sought to investigate placental anomalies as they related to various forms of fetal congenital heart disease (FCHD). We reviewed the placental pathology in singleton pregnancies with and without FCHD. FCHD was divided into separate categories (transposition physiology, obstructive left, obstructive right, biventricular without obstruction, and others). Exclusion criteria included other prenatally known structural malformations and/or aneuploidy. The significance threshold was set at p<0.05 or False Discovery rate q<0.05 when multiple tests were performed. The cohort included 215 FCHD and 122 non-FCHD placentas. FCHD placentas showed increased rates of maternal vascular malperfusion (24% vs. 5%, q<0.001) and cord anomalies (27% vs. 1%, q<0.001). Placentas with fetal TGA demonstrated a lower rate of hypoplasia when compared with other FCHD types (1/39 vs. 51/176, Fisher's exact p=0.015). Placental maternal vascular malperfusion is increased in FCHD. The prevalence of vascular malperfusion did not differ by FCHD type, indicating that CHD type does not predict the likelihood of placental vascular dysfunction. Further investigation of the placental-fetal heart axis in FCHD is warranted given the importance of placental health.

Dietary and Lifestyle Strategies for Obesity.

The prevalence of obesity globally has tripled over the last half century, and currently affects around 650 million adults and 340 million children and adolescents (ages 5-19 years). Obesity contributes towards >50 co-morbidities and premature mortality. Obesity is a highly stigmatised condition that is associated with much mental and emotional distress and dysfunction. Thus, obesity is a major contributor to healthcare expenditure globally. Traditionally, the management of obesity stratifies into three major groups that include metabolic (bariatric) surgery, pharmacotherapies, and lifestyle (primarily dietary) strategies. Although listed as a separate category, dietary strategies for obesity remain a central component of any management plan, and often complement other surgical and pharmacotherapeutic options. Indeed, the effectiveness of any management approach for obesity relies upon successful behavioural changes, particularly relating to eating behaviours. In this concise review, we explore the foundational pillars of dietary strategies for obesity: sleep, listening, routine, de-stressing and optimisation of social conditions. We then discuss the importance of balancing dietary macronutrients (including dietary fibre, carbohydrates, protein and ultra-processed foods [UPFs]) as a key dietary strategy for obesity. Although we focus on general principles, we should provide bespoke dietary strategies for our patients, tailored to their individual needs. Rather than judging the utility of a diet based simply on its associated magnitude of weight loss, we should adopt a more holistic perspective in which a dietary strategy is valued for its overall health benefits, including the nurturing of our gut microbiota, to enable them to nurture and protect us.

Some aspects of consıderable models of oıl and gas ındustry development

The article examines some assumptions and problems of the world economic theory, it is pointed out that these assumptions are based on the characteristics of the economic structure in different parts of the world where the distribution of world production and the global exchange of goods, services and other results of human activity take place, of course the oil and gas industry is not left out in this matter shown. Moreover, taking into account the importance of its impact on world politics, it has been pointed out that the field is one of the most relevant objects of economic analysis today. The characteristic features of modern globalization are given in the article. In such a situation, it was suggested that since the real scale of the application of methods that increase oil production in Azerbaijan is not able to prevent the deterioration of the structure of reserves, it will not be possible to make a big positive change in the exploitation of extractable reserves. The article also discusses the application of econometric models in economic research on the oil and gas industry. As a means of research and prediction of natural processes, the mathematical modeling method has been shown to be very widespread in oil and gas extraction. The observations made were summarized and it was shown that there is a systematic progress in the dynamics of the world economic system in the conditions of modern globalization, the main characteristic features of modern globalization were classified and given by the author, the creation of optimal conditions for the operation of the oil and gas industry as a result of the administrative and fiscal regulation of the state in the conditions of globalization was noted, and also the oil and gas industry some aspects of the theoretical models of the future development of the field have been studied and shown, taking into account its specific characteristics and in the context of the natural decrease of the volume of production. In the article, it was determined that one of the most important issues is the correct determination of the oil and gas reserves of the field, its calculation by separate reserve categories. Experience shows that it is very important to calculate these resources in different ways, to analyze the indicators of field development in detail, and to compare them with real indicators in order to implement one or another project indicators. The basis of these methods is the determination of reserves and their role in the technical-economic justification of the options for field development. This gives special relevance to such issues in the oil and gas industry and considers their constant improvement in the conditions of the market economy appropriate. The developed article is dedicated to the study of such issues.

Fluoroquinolone resistance and clinical characteristics of acute bacterial prostatitis in Japan: A multicenter study by the Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection

ObjectiveThis multicenter study aimed to analyze the risk factors for fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance and to clarify the clinical characteristics of acute bacterial prostatitis (ABP) in Japan. MethodsA total of 124 patients clinically diagnosed with ABP at 13 medical institutions participating in the Japanese Research Group for Urinary Tract Infection between January and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. ResultsOf the 124 patients included in this study, 37 were outpatients, and 87 were inpatients. The main underlying medical conditions before the onset of ABP were severe dysuria, urinary retention, transurethral manipulation, indwelling urinary catheter, and transrectal prostate biopsy (TRBx). The main symptoms were fever (≥ 37.5°C), prostate tenderness, dysuria, micturition pain, urinary retention, and macrohematuria. Bacteremia was observed in 14 patients. Prostatic abscess was observed in three patients. Escherichia coli was the predominant organism, accounting for 48% (51/106). FQ-resistant E. coli was detected in 33% (17/51), and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing E. coli in 12% (6/51). TRBx (odds ratio [OR] = 48.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.49–430.00, p < 0.001) and inpatient status (OR = 29.00, 95% CI: 1.95–430.00, p = 0.014) were risk factors for the detection of FQ-resistant bacteria. ConclusionsThe detection rate of FQ-resistant bacteria was significantly higher with TRBx ABP and inpatient status. These findings have important implications for the management of ABP and antimicrobial treatment, especially for TRBx ABP, which should be considered a separate category.

The Roles of Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System US and Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System MRI in the Evaluation of Adnexal Lesions.

The Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS) is an evidence-based clinical support system for ovarian and adnexal lesion assessment in women of average risk. The system has both US and MRI components with separate but complementary lexicons and assessment categories to assign the risk of malignancy. US is an appropriate initial imaging modality, and O-RADS US can accurately help to characterize most adnexal lesions. MRI is a valuable adjunct imaging tool to US, and O-RADS MRI can help to both confirm a benign diagnosis and accurately stratify lesions that are at risk for malignancy. This article will review the O-RADS US and MRI systems, highlight their similarities and differences, and provide an overview of the interplay between the systems. When used together, the O-RADS US and MRI systems can help to accurately diagnose benign lesions, assess the risk of malignancy in lesions suspicious for malignancy, and triage patients for optimal management.