Separate Bodies Research Articles

Engineering method for quantifying the coupling effect of transmission tower-line system under strong winds

For transmission tower-line (TL) systems, the coupling effect between line cables and towers under strong winds is significant. This paper presents a method to quantify the coupling effect. Assuming that effective separation of line cables and towers is attainable, this work transforms the coupling effect into the transferred load from the line cable to the target tower, the coupling participation mass of the line cable, and the additional damping. The effective separation conditions are defined through an optimization method minimizing the residual errors of the wind-induced response and dynamic characteristics between the separated bodies and the TL system. A typical TL system is considered and analyzed for its structural dynamic characteristics and wind-induced response. Particularly, the quantities associated with the coupling effect of the TL system are estimated. It reveals that the transferred dynamic load component parallel to the line cable which is overlooked in current codes is significant and highly sensitive to the separation boundary conditions of line cables. Furthermore, the coupling participation mass of the conductor is more prominent than that of the ground wire. The proposed method is feasible for quantifying the TL coupling effect and incorporating it into the wind-induced response analysis of transmission line structures.

Performance of Forensic Age Estimation by Aspartic Acid Racemization and DNA Methylation: A Systematic Review

Background Forensic age estimation is not difficult when the body is found in good condition, but in cases of severe decomposition or damage, such as burnt or separated body parts, then the analysis can only be done with bones and teeth. There has been abundant research and development in the field of related biochemistry over the years. Various molecular changes occur in hard tissues and long-lived proteins, such as those in bones and teeth during the physiological process of aging. Aspartic acid racemization and DNA methylation are still the most frequently used age estimation methods because of their advantages in accuracy. Method This study aimed to compare the accuracy of DNA methylation and aspartic acid racemization methods for age estimation. Journal articles were searched in the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Semantic Scholar of 2017-2022 according to PRISMA guidelines. Result Twelve journal articles were eligible for review. The DNA methylation method is quite simple to use because of commercially available methylation kits. Furthermore, the results can be obtained relatively quickly without requiring many samples, and the method is less sensitive to thermal and other damage than the aspartic acid racemization method. Conclusion The aspartic acid racemization method for age estimation has high accuracy, especially in determining age at death. However, temperature and the condition of the teeth affect the racemization of aspartic acid. Given that DNA methylation is generally stable in a wide range of temperatures, it provides a better approach to determining the chronological age even from charred remains.

Windows of opportunity for unrelated diversification: a patent data analysis of the field of neurotechnology

PurposeThis study investigates the potential of low-income countries to mitigate technological lock-ins by exploiting windows of opportunity (WOOs). Given their inherent inclination toward path dependency, these countries often face challenges in diversifying beyond their established technological trajectories. We examine the pivotal role of adopting shorter cycle times of technologies (CTTs) in opening technological WOO, triggering unrelated diversification and accelerating technological catch-up.Design/methodology/approachUsing fixed-effect regression models, we analyze country-level patent data within the neurotechnology domain from 1995 to 2021 – a period marked by significant technological change since 2010. Our focus lies in comparing diversification and catch-up trends between low-income and high-income countries, while evaluating the performance of CTT.FindingsOur findings reveal that as low-income countries increase their knowledge complexity (KC), they tend to be locked into existing technological paths. To mitigate lock-in risks, they can strategically adopt technologies with shorter CTTs. These technologies act as catalysts, opening up technological WOOs and stimulating unrelated diversification. KC presents a double-edged sword in the catch-up process, but unrelated diversification can eliminate this dilemma.Practical implicationsOur study introduces the KC-CTT framework, proposing practical strategies to enhance and sustain countries’ competitive advantages.Originality/valueDiversification and catch-up emerge from two separate bodies of literature but present a conceptual overlap. This research bridges the gap between the two literatures by investigating the impact of CTT as their predictor variable.

Caregiver-child Neural Synchrony: Magic, Mirage, or Developmental Mechanism?

Young children transition in and out of more and less synchronous states with their caregivers across physiology, behavior, and brain activity, but what do these synchronous periods mean? One body of caregiver-child two-brain studies using fNIRS finds that individual, familial, and moment-to-moment behavioral and contextual factors are correlated with caregiver-child neural synchrony, while a separate body of literature finds that neural synchrony is associated with positive child outcomes. Taken together, it is tempting to conclude that caregiver-child neural synchrony may act as a key developmental mechanism linking children’s experiences to their healthy development, but many questions remain. In this brief review, we synthesize key findings and open questions from two-brain caregiver-child studies using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), which is uniquely well-suited for use with caregivers and children, but also laden with unique constraints. Throughout, we highlight key questions and best practice recommendations to optimize two-brain fNIRS to examine these critical developmental mechanisms from assumptions guiding study design to final analysis. We particularly emphasize the need to consider immediate and global stressors as context for interpretation of neural synchrony findings, and the need for full inclusion of socioeconomically and racially diverse families in future studies.

Do All Victimization Types Cluster? Assessing the Co-Occurrence of Hate Speech With Criminal and Bullying Victimization at School.

Evidence indicates that poly-victimization relates to greater victim impacts than single-type victimization. A separate body of research finds that victimization motivated by bias is associated with elevated harm. However, little empirical work has assessed whether youth who experience biased victimization are poly-victims, and studies have not sufficiently examined the potentially deleterious effects of experiencing both types of victimization. This study uses nationally representative data to examine the prevalence of school-based crime and bullying victimization among hate speech victims. I then assess the odds of experiencing fear and avoiding places at school across victimization types. The findings reveal that a considerable number of hate speech victims are also bullied and that experiencing any two types of victimization is associated with increased odds of fear and avoidance. These results highlight the importance of targeting biased victimization in anti-bullying programming.

Exploring age-related changes in motor function: insights from the peak decline found in Koji Awareness screening test

The KOJI AWARENESS (KA) screening test assesses motor function in humans. We aimed to analyze the correlation between age and KA screening scores and to identify the specific age at which a significant decline occurs. A total of 793 healthy participants (234 females) were interviewed for basic information on age and sex and completed the KA screening test. In addition to calculating the total score from the KA test, the scores were calculated for the neck-scapula-upper extremity-complex (NSU), trunk, and lower extremity (LE) segments. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to assess the validity of the test. Additionally, Bayesian linear regression was employed to estimate the change point in KA scores, facilitating the identification of a critical age associated with a notable decline in motor function. KA screening total and separate body segment scores were negatively correlated with age in both gender (for female and male, KA total score, ρ = − 0.443, ρ = − 0.344; NSU segment, ρ = − 0.431, ρ = − 0.427; trunk segment, ρ = − 0.210, ρ = − 0.473; LE segment: ρ = − 0.43, ρ = − 0.507). Furthermore, a change-point analysis using linear regression analysis showed that KA screening total scores declined sharply at the age of 49.1(95% credible interval: 37.503, 68.366). The result show that total KA scores decrease − 0.196 (95% credible interval: − 0.335, − 0.049) for every 1 year of age increase, and for ages over 49.1, total KA scores additionally decrease − 0.255 (95% credible interval: − 0.485, − 0.054) for every 1 year of age increase. In the NSU segment, females showed a more rapid decline than males from the age of 50 years. KA screening test total scores declined sharply at the age of 49.1. These results may be useful in setting treatment goals, exercise, and lifestyle programs for age-related decline in motor function.

The law for mini-organ prototypes in a dish. Mapping the legal status options for organoids in Swiss law.

Advances in generating human mini-organ prototypes will further improve fundamental research, disease modeling, drug screening and the development of personalized medicine. Currently, there is no legal definition, identified legal status, or existing regulatory framework for organoids. Ethical discussions regarding brain and embryo-like mini-organ models leave researchers uncertain about the extent to which work on any organoids is legally permissible. The legal protection of human embryos, many other separated human body parts as well as organoids is more complex than the application of the traditional rules of rights in rem or of the law of personality alone. The paper's focus is to examine whether the legal status of organoids or lack thereof, could influence their concrete regulatory framework, or whether a legal status in private law is necessary for their regulation. This paper deliberately chooses not to attempt a unifying theory of law but rather to argue for a possible regulation of organoids using the example of Swiss law. While, at present, there is no comprehensive research addressing either the status or the regulation of organoids, we believe that the argumentation presented could improve the overall understanding of how a potential organoid regulation could be set out within national legal frameworks.

Safe speeds for a heavy articulated vehicle when passing a floating bridge tower under crosswind

This paper recommends safe speeds for a heavy articulated vehicle when passing by Bjørnafjorden floating bridge tower under two constant crosswind speeds (65 km/h and 100 km/h). The analysis is based on the tractor-semitrailer (TS) model with fifth-wheel (FW) coupling in roll and free in yaw. Comparison of safe speeds assessments has been made with two TS models differ in FW coupling. Aerodynamic forces and moments for TS models as function of their position relative to the bridge tower and time were computed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. For TS model coupled in roll and free in yaw, no rollover risk is noticeable for both crosswind excitations. For TS model free in roll and in yaw, roll-over risk is noticeable at lower vehicle velocities (at 36 km/h and 54 km/h). TS with rigid connection in FW stays in the traffic lane for every considered vehicle velocity. TS model which is roll and yaw moment free in the FW overestimates rollover risk assessment at lower vehicle velocities. TS model with rigid connection in the FW underestimates traffic lane departure assessment at higher vehicle velocity. Appropriate mathematical modelling of a heavy articulated vehicle that considers tractor and semitrailer units as two separate bodies coupled in roll and free in yaw is of importance for accurately assessing safe speeds when a vehicle passing by the bridge tower.

(Mis-)Perceptions, information, and political polarization: A survey and a systematic literature review

Numerous studies have documented that misperceptions about society, e.g. related to inequality, are widespread among voters. Simultaneously, a separate body of literature demonstrates increasing political polarization. Against this background, it is intuitively appealing to hypothesize that information provision can be useful not only to correct misperceptions, but also to create a common ground that can bridge divisiveness. In a general population survey, conducted in the United States, we show that beliefs in the power of information to reduce polarization are indeed widespread. To investigate the empirical relationship between information provision and polarization, we conduct a systematic literature review. We focus on papers that study the effect of information treatments on redistributive policy preferences, exploiting the fact that they often investigate heterogeneities in the reaction to information treatment. Our review shows that while it is certainly possible for information to decrease polarization, the effect is frequently the opposite. The reason is that different groups react differently to truthful and accurate information, in ways that often reinforce existing preference.

Unlocking circular supply chain 4.0: identifying key barriers through bibliometrics and TISM-MICMAC

PurposeThis paper examines the dynamic interplay between Circular Economy (CE) and Supply Chain (SC). Further, this paper develops a framework indicating the transition from conventional SC to SC 4.0. As it addresses the separate bodies of literature on CE and SC 4.0, the study attempts to bridge the gap by examining barriers to SC 4.0 adoption in CE.Design/methodology/approachThe article integrates bibliometric analysis with Total Interpretive Structural Modeling (TISM) and MICMAC analysis, thereby enriching the methodological rigour in investigating the barriers to SC 4.0 adoption within the CE context.FindingsThe paper provides insights into research trends, influential scholars, journals and prominent institutions through bibliometric analysis. Also, the findings identify four broad areas of driving, autonomous, linkage and dependent barriers to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of their impact and interdependencies.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings imply that effective policy interventions, enhanced management practices, and the adoption of technological innovations are essential for overcoming barriers to SC 4.0. The research recommends that stakeholders focus on fostering collaborative networks, building competencies in line with CE requirements, and leveraging big data for strategic supply chain decision-making.Originality/valueThis work contributes to the advancement of the circular digital supply field by consolidating research streams, uncovering innovation prospects, and shaping a well-informed research agenda. The distinct contribution lies in its categorization of these barriers into driving, autonomous, linkage, and dependent barriers, offering a novel perspective on the structural dynamics impeding the integration of SC 4.0 in CE.

Universal and cultural factors shape body part vocabularies

Every human has a body. Yet, languages differ in how they divide the body into parts to name them. While universal naming strategies exist, there is also variation in the vocabularies of body parts across languages. In this study, we investigate the similarities and differences in naming two separate body parts with one word, i.e., colexifications. We use a computational approach to create networks of body part vocabularies across languages. The analyses focus on body part networks in large language families, on perceptual features that lead to colexifications of body parts, and on a comparison of network structures in different semantic domains. Our results show that adjacent body parts are colexified frequently. However, preferences for perceptual features such as shape and function lead to variations in body part vocabularies. In addition, body part colexification networks are less varied across language families than networks in the semantic domains of emotion and colour. The study presents the first large-scale comparison of body part vocabularies in 1,028 language varieties and provides important insights into the variability of a universal human domain.

Whole body sweat rate prediction: outdoor running and cycling exercise.

Our aim was to develop and validate separate whole body sweat rate prediction equations for moderate to high-intensity outdoor cycling and running, using simple measured or estimated activity and environmental inputs. Across two collection sites in Australia, 182 outdoor running trials and 158 outdoor cycling trials were completed at a wet-bulb globe temperature ranging from ∼15°C to ∼29°C, with ∼60-min whole body sweat rates measured in each trial. Data were randomly separated into model development (running: 120; cycling: 100 trials) and validation groups (running: 62; cycling: 58 trials), enabling proprietary prediction models to be developed and then validated. Running and cycling models were also developed and tested when locally measured environmental conditions were substituted with participants' subjective ratings for black globe temperature, wind speed, and humidity. The mean absolute error for predicted sweating rate was 0.03 and 0.02 L·h-1 for running and cycling models, respectively. The 95% confidence intervals for running (+0.44 and -0.38 L·h-1) and cycling (+0.45 and -0.42 L·h-1) were within acceptable limits for an equivalent change in total body mass over 3 h of ±2%. The individual variance in observed sweating described by the predictive models was 77% and 60% for running and cycling, respectively. Substituting measured environmental variables with subjective assessments of climatic characteristics reduced the variation in observed sweating described by the running model by up to ∼25%, but only by ∼2% for the cycling model. These prediction models are publicly accessible (https://sweatratecalculator.com) and can guide individualized hydration management in advance of outdoor running and cycling.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We report the development and validation of new proprietary whole body sweat rate prediction models for outdoor running and outdoor cycling using simple activity and environmental inputs. Separate sweat rate models were also developed and tested for situations where all four environmental parameters are not available, and some must be subsequently estimated by the user via a simple rating scale. All models are freely accessible through an online calculator: https://sweatratecalculator.com. These models, via the online calculator, will enable individualized hydration management for training or recreational cycling or running in an outdoor environment.

Attentional, anticipatory and spatial cognition fluctuate throughout the menstrual cycle: Potential implications for female sport

Current research suggests that menstruating female athletes might be at greater risk of musculoskeletal injury in relation to hormonal changes throughout the menstrual cycle. A separate body of work suggests that spatial cognition might also fluctuate in a similar manner. Changes in spatial cognition could, in theory, be a contributing risk factor for injury, especially in fast-paced sports that require precise, millisecond accuracy in interactions with moving objects in the environment. However, existing theories surrounding causes for increased injury risk in menstruating females largely focus on biomechanical mechanisms, with little consideration of possible cognitive determinants of injury risk. Therefore, the aim of this proof-of-principle study was to explore whether menstruating females exhibit fluctuations in cognitive processes throughout their cycle on a novel sport-oriented cognitive test battery, designed to measure some of the mental processes putatively involved in these sporting situations.A total of 394 participants completed an online cognitive battery, a mood scale and a symptom questionnaire twice, 14 days apart. After exclusions, 248 eligible participants were included in the analyses (mean: 28 ± 6 years) (male = 96, female(menstruating) = 105, female(contraception) = 47). Cycle phase for menstruating females was based on self-reported information. The cognitive battery was designed to measure reaction times, attention, visuospatial functions (including 3D mental rotation) and timing anticipation. Three composite scores were generated using factor analysis with varimax rotation (Errors, Reaction Time, Intra-Individual Variability). Mixed model ANOVAs and repeated measures ANOVAs were performed to test for between and within-subject effects.There was no group difference in reaction times and accuracy between males and females (using contraception and not). However, within subject analyses revealed that regularly menstruating females performed better during menstruation compared to being in any other phase, with faster reaction times (10ms c.ca, p < 0.01), fewer errors (p < 0.05) and lower dispersion intra-individual variability (p < 0.05). In contrast they exhibited slower reaction times (10ms c.ca, p < 0.01) and poorer timing anticipation (p < 0.01) in the luteal phase, and more errors in the predicted ovulatory phase (p < 0.01). Self-reported mood, cognitive and physical symptoms were all worst during menstruation (p < 0.01), and a significant proportion of females felt that their symptoms were negatively affecting their cognitive performance during menstruation on testing day, which was incongruent with their actual performance.These findings suggest that visuospatial and anticipatory processes may fluctuate throughout the menstrual cycle in the general population, with better performance during the menstrual phase and poorer performance during the luteal phase. If these extend to associations between phase-specific cognitive performance and injury incidence, they would support a cognitive theory of determinants of injury risk in cycling female athletes, opening an opportunity to develop mitigation strategies where appropriate.

THE REFERENCE GAREVKA GRANITE (YENISEI RIDGE, WESTERN MARGIN OF THE SIBERIAN CRATON): THE FINAL ATTEMPT TO VERIFY PALEOPROTEROZOIC Pb/U ISOTOPIC AGE BY M.I. VOLOBUEV

The article unravels a confusing history of ideas about the age of the Garevka granite pluton, which is considered as a reference object for the Precambrian of the Yenisei ridge. Initially, the Paleoproterozoic (1750 Ma) age of granite was determined by M.I. Volobuev and co-authors half a century ago using Pb/U isotope analyses of zircons and orthites. This dating is widely used up to recent to substantiate the Early Precambrian age of the metamorphic rocks of the Trans-Angara region. In 2003, V.A. Vernikovsky and his colleagues published data on the Neoproterozoic (752±3 Ma) age of the massif, obtained with modern technique of isotopic analysis. However, some of experts on the geology of the Yenisei ridge considered both isotopic ages correct, believing that the eastern part of the massif comprises Paleoproterozoic gneissic granite. Our investigation revealed the following: V.A. Vernikovsky and M.I. Volobuev indeed have collected their granite samples at the western and at the eastern parts of the pluton correspondingly. Krasnoyarsk geologists map the Garevka pluton as part of the Neoproterozoic Glushikha granite suite, but use to apply its Paleoproterozoic dating to substantiate the early Precambrian age of the host rocks. M.I. Volobuev obtained ten mainly discordant Pb/U analyses of the Garevka granites, and six of them form an explicable combination consistent with the age of 1750 Ma. The only concordant analysis with a known sampling point is decisive for the entire system. Thus, to fix the problem, it was necessary to reproduce this analysis using modern isotope techniques. We have dated (SHRIMP) a granite sample collected at the same point. In addition, three more samples from different parts of the massif were analysed to exclude the possible presence of ancient domains in it. The isotope ratios of all analysed zircons form a concordant cluster with an age of 762±7 Ma. The Garevka pluton comprises a separate mappable body composed of biotite leucogranites with fluorite. Granites do not replace some older rocks, but crystallized from the melt, ascended from deep crust. The question about possible Paleoproterozoic age of the Garevka granite pluton or any part of it is closed. Ideas about the wide distribution of Archean and Paleoproterozoic gneisses in the Trans-Angara region require additional geochronological verification. To date, the presence of such rocks has been reliably established here only at two local points.

Why the long face? Experiences and observations of bullying behaviour at equestrian centres in Great Britain

This study explored the experiences and observations of equestrians and industry professionals (N = 11) to verify the nature and extent of mistreatment and harassment at equine centres in Great Britain. Guided by conceptions from the social ecological model, thematic analysis of the data from semi-structured interviews was conducted, which confirmed the omnipresence of bullying by underscoring themes that represent personal factors of those involved such as different acts of negativity and autocratic tendencies of influential figures. Themes denoting social-environmental factors comprised the involved parties’ background characteristics, specific locations of occurrences, and subsequent responses in victims that confirm a discontinuation of involvement. Through the adoption of a macroscopic understanding, equestrian associations are encouraged to revise the implementation and regulation of policies that would prevent mistreatment and abuse to foster a safe and inclusive environment. Future research into separate member bodies within the association, gender differences, and barriers in the implementation of strategies could deepen understanding and inform equestrian associations’ efforts to implement positive change where needed.

Dynamics Analysis of Separation Mechanism for Rotating Projectiles at the End of Trajectory

Spin separation technology is a key technology for realizing the detection function at the end of the rotational trajectory. It is also a necessary condition for the fuse control system to adjust its control strategy according to actual combat needs. To explore a new type of proximity fuse detection method, this article first designs a detection separation mechanism for the end of the trajectory. An interior ballistic model of the separation mechanism was then established through closed bomb tests and equivalent interior ballistic equations, and the aerodynamic parameters of the front-stage separation body at the moment of separation were obtained based on computational fluid dynamics numerical simulation. Finally, a separation dynamics model of the separation mechanism was established to analyze the motion state after the separation action of the front-stage separation body. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed separation mechanism. The discrepancy between the simulation and experiment of the velocity increment for the front-stage separation body is about 1.07%. The attack angle for the front-stage separation body is below 2°, and the period with a displacement between two stage bodies greater than 3 m is around 0.365 s. This research can provide new ideas and theoretical references for the design of a similar fuse detection separation mechanism.

Hyperpartisan, Alternative, and Conspiracy Media Users: An Anti-Establishment Portrait

ABSTRACT While there is growing academic attention to readers of hyperpartisan, alternative, and conspiracy (HAC) media, our understanding of these sites has developed in separate bodies of work. We make a case for studying HAC media in unison, recognizing them as different information sources that share the same underlying anti-establishment sentiment. We do so by painting a detailed portrait of HAC media users, detailing 1) who consumes HAC media; 2) how they access it; and 3) how its consumption relates to public opinion. This is made possible by the unique combination of panel surveys taken before and after the first COVID-19 lockdowns in Germany and Switzerland, and webtracking data capturing participants’ actual online behavior. Our results show that those exposed to HAC media have a strong distrust of government and place themselves at the ideological extremes. While social media was a quintessential entry point for such media, most visits were registered by a small percentage of repeat visitors. Lastly, we show that those who consumed HAC media developed distinct opinions about the threat posed by COVID-19, mirroring the sentiments expressed in HAC media that the danger of the virus was exaggerated and that the real threat was to individual freedoms. With this case study, we showcase the theoretical utility of taking an integrated approach to HAC media, while providing nuanced insights into their audience.

Seismic scattering regimes from multiscale entropy and frequency correlations

SUMMARY Seismic-wave scattering is observed, to variable degrees, on Earth, its moon and Mars. Current scattering models and data processing typically rely on two end-member phenomena: weak, single- or multiple-scattering events (ballistic) on the one hand, or intense scattering such that the wavefield retains no path information or bearing on its origin (diffuse).This study explores the existence of scattering behaviour intermediate between these end-members, as well as the properties of heterogeneous media that facilitate a transition between them. We apply multiscale entropy and frequency-correlation analysis to seismic coda, and observe a distinct transitional behaviour is present within a part of the investigated parameter space. Analysis of terrestrial, lunar and Martian seismograms further demonstrate the applicability of these new methods across a wide range of scattering behaviours, while also highlighting their shortcomings. Results from the planetary data indicate partially non-diffuse behaviour and low complexity within specific bandwidths of lunar wavefields, potentially contradicting the current paradigm that lunar wavefields are diffuse, and require continued study. Furthermore, Martian seismograms are shown to possess greater statistical entropy than lunar seismograms and diffuse energy properties, yet still display distinct phase arrivals, suggesting substantial scattering and transitional scattering behaviour on Mars. The robust, comparative nature of multiscale entropy and frequency-correlation analysis, applied to idealised simulation as well as three separate planetary bodies, provides a promising framework for future exploration of scattered wavefields across ballistic, transitional and diffuse regimes, that complements existing methods.

Experiences of stress and social safety among sexual and gender minority youth by disability status

BackgroundThough separate bodies of research have shown sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth, and youth with disabilities, separately, face distinct social and health disparities, little is known about youth who both identify as SGM and have disabilities. ObjectiveThe current study examined differences in wellbeing among SGM youth by disability category (i.e., physical, developmental, psychiatric) across victimization, bullying, dating violence, school safety, and experienced stress. MethodsUsing self-reported data from 9418 SGM youth aged 13–17 in the United States, multivariate linear regressions were conducted to examine how stress and social safety experiences varied across disability status. ResultsCompared to SGM youth without a disability, SGM youth across all disability categories (physical, developmental, psychiatric) had greater odds of LGBT- and disability-based victimization, greater average stress, as well as lower levels of school safety. SGM youth with any disability, physical disability, or psychiatric disability also had greater odds of dating violence compared to SGM youth without a disability. ConclusionSGM youth with disabilities may be in particular need of targeted programs that address both disability and sexual/gender identities, and may benefit from increased supports across developmental contexts (e.g., against bullying in school). Stakeholders should consider how such support can be improved, tailored, and implemented, for SGM youth and the diversity of disabilities they have.

How to use literature in political theory: five questions of methodology in ‘politics and literature’

Two influential but strangely separate bodies of research have emerged in the field of Politics and Literature. Either political theorists write about literature in a theoretical way by describing how literature enriches our understanding of politics, or they interpret individual works of literature. Comprehensive methodological accounts that aim to connect these two research literatures do not exist. In order to start such a methodological debate, the article will ask what methodology means in Politics and Literature. It will identify five methodological questions, ranging from how to read literary elements of style and how to deal with fictionality to what else to do with literature apart from interpretation. Any set of answers to these questions can be called a methodology in the field, and every methodology must find answers to all five questions.