Sentimental Love Research Articles

‘More Love Letters, Please!’: Portuguese Love and the Literary Legacy of Sincere Feeling

ABSTRACT: This essay traces the formation of the myth of Portuguese Love, and demonstrates both its transcultural reach and its importance for literary history. Sparked by the tragic love of Pedro and Inês de Castro, the notion of Portuguese Love was crystallized in seventeenth-century France by Lettres portugaises , influenced European letters for centuries, and became an enduring myth in Portuguese culture. Anchored by Roland Barthes’s critique of the contemporary disparagement of sentimental love, the essay argues that Portuguese Love’s continued affirmation, from nineteenth-century literary iterations to current manifestations, demonstrates the power of a discourse of genuine feeling to counter ideological appropriation.

Approaching Saint Bernard’s Sermons on the “Song of Songs” through the Book of Odes (Shijing): A Confluence of Medieval Theology and Chinese Culture

This paper aims to decode medieval theology from the vantage point of ancient Chinese poetry, employing a cross-textual methodology that encourages a fusion of horizons. It highlights Saint Bernard’s profound and influential theological exegesis of the “Song of Songs”, particularly his comparison of the divine–human relationship to the conjugal bond. The present study posits that readers from Chinese culture can gain access to Saint Bernard’s mystical theology through the sentiment of love, as portrayed in the Book of Odes (Shijing). Initially addressing love as a core human sentiment, this study progresses by juxtaposing the representations of love in the Book of Odes with those in the “Song of Songs”. This comparative analysis culminates in an exploration of Saint Bernard’s theological perspectives, illuminated through these analogous depictions of love. The results affirm that engaging with Saint Bernard’s discourse on love via the Book of Odes is not only feasible but also instrumental in dispelling widespread misconceptions.

Внебогослужебное духовное пение в российском культурном пространстве XVIII – начала XIX вв.

Out-liturgical spiritual singing in the 18th and early 19th centuries was represented by genres that were formed at various times. In this context the problem of identifying the mechanisms of adaptation of samples created in the previous period to the changed realities of New Age culture is of interest. On the example of spiritual songwriting of the inhabitants of the Old Believers' Vygo-Leksinskoye settlement, the peculiarities of the traditional genres that had developed earlier and appeared after the church schism are presented. The authors of these genres used artistic techniques typical of the New Age culture in their creation. The hook collections of verses that emerged in the Old Believers' environment contributed to the consolidation and spread of the repertoire. The enrichment of the artistic system of non-denominational spiritual singing in the 18th century with new samples was caused by the appearance of verse arrangements of psalms by V. K. Trediakovsky, M. V. Lomonosov, A. P. Sumarokov, and M. M. Kheraskov. The arrangements penetrated both the Old Believer performing environment and the musical life of the townspeople. Russian songs and romances became popular in home and salon music from the late 18th century, among which there are samples of spiritual content, as well as works that transform the spiritual text into sentimental love lyrics. As an example, M. V. Zubova's song "Ya v pustynyu udalyayus’ [I am going away to the desert]", created in 1770 on the basis of the psalm of the same name, is presented. In the context of the unfolding cultural dialogue between the capital and remote territories during the formation of the Russian Empire, the territorial distribution of samples of extra-liturgical spiritual singing is of interest. In the province, the traditions that had developed earlier were mainly preserved. Their main performer was Old Believers. The migratory nature of the Old Believer movement contributed to the geographical spread of works, which formed local specificity at the level of repertoire, principles of functioning, stylistics, and performing manner. Romances with a spiritual content, which emerged at the turn of the 18th–19th centuries, at that time sounded in the space of home and salon musicmaking in capitals and large cities. Later they would become widespread in the provinces, which would contribute to their further popularisation and repertoire enrichment.

Seeking Love and Justice Amid Hong Kong’s Contentious Politics

Hong Kong women activists’ understanding of love and justice has shaped, and been shaped, by their political engagement under changing circumstances through two phases of mass protest: in 2014 and 2019. This article is focused on the sentiments of love and justice and how they evolved over time, from the peaceful protest of the Umbrella Movement in 2014 to the violent confrontations of 2019 in the context of the rise of ethno-nationalism. This shift reflects a changed understanding of justice – revenge against China – and a specific version of passionate love for Hong Kong and protective love for their comrades. Women activists’ experiences offer insights into how a social movement has engaged women’s emotional energies in particular gendered ways, while persistently marginalising gender issues. In the aftermath of the movement, when protest was effectively banned by both COVID-19 restrictions and the 2020 National Security Law, these women’s emotions have found a new object of their fierce love for Hong Kong: the boy band Mirror<i>,</i> which has come to symbolise Hongkonger pride, belonging and resistance.

The Principal’s Strategy in Forming an Attitude of Love For the Motherland in Immigrant Students in Malaysia (Case Study at Kampung Baru Guidance Center)

This study tries to outline the principal's approach to helping immigrant kids in Malaysia develop a sentiment of love for their country of origin. A descriptive qualitative strategy is used in this research methodology. The Kampung Baru Malaysia Guidance Workshop is where the research is being conducted. Using interviews, observation, and documentation as data-collecting methods. Data reduction, display, and conclusion-making are all parts of the data analysis stage. The study's findings indicate that: (1) pupils do not fully possess a love of the motherland; (2) there are not many activities carried out to promote this attitude; and (3) cultural arts classes have not been integrated into the learning process. Conclusions: The school principal should encourage students to sing the national song regularly, observe Indonesian independence day with flag ceremonies and competitions, and introduce Indonesian culture through extracurricular activities to help students develop a love of their country.

SUPERIORITY COMPLEX IN JANE AUSTEN’S EMMA

The aim of this research is to reveal Emma’s superiority complex in Jane Austen’s Emma. In conducting this research, the method used is qualitative. The main source of this research is the novel itself. The second sources are based on books, the internet, and articles to support the writers in conducting this study. In analyzing the data, the researchers use psychoanalysis theory. The result shows that the superiority complex is the one psychological disorder where the main character, Emma, feels superior compared to other characters. This attitude should not be allowed to develop because it can break other people's character. There is nothing indication of psychological or social changed. Emma is lavishly praised by her father and governess, that prevent her from realizing her flaws and ill prepared her for life in the real world. Emma's background is unclear, and she doesn't learn anything about herself. Emma's marriage is not a true match founded only on shared sentiments of love.

“Beauty and the Beast”: Romance, Reform, and Mystery in the Films of Lon Chaney

“Beauty and the Beast”: Romance, Reform, and Mystery in the Films of Lon Chaney

Of No One Born: Queering Motherhood in Marivaux’s La Vie de Marianne

Abstract This article proposes that, rather than a sentimental love story, Pierre de Marivaux’s unfinished novel, La Vie de Marianne ou les aventures de Mme la Comtesse de *** (1731–41), presents a form of queer motherhood that provides a counterpoint to the form of Republican motherhood and the ‘cult of domesticity’ championed by Jean-Jacques Rousseau (among others) and critiqued by feminists such as Adrienne Rich and Élisabeth Badinter. Grounding the maternal experience in discourses of traumatic memory, it argues that, contrary to Sigmund Freud’s assertion that repeating is an act of repression (rather than working through), in this novel we see the opposite. The article demonstrates how trauma brings women together into polymaternal communities based on mutual affection that bypass the patriarchal structure that tends to shape eighteenth-century sentimental novels. For Marianne, re-enacting childhood trauma with others allows her to share the burden of pain and strengthen intimate bonds between women. More than being just a unique literary experiment, the queer articulation of family throughout this novel might help us to imagine an ontology of motherhood that is unencumbered by patriarchy.

That “Willful” Migrant Adulteress: Female Embodiment and Diasporic Melancholia in Chandani Lokugé’s Softly, as I Leave You

ABSTRACT Sri-Lankan Australian writer Chandani Lokugé’s novel Softly, As I Leave You (2011) presents a female troublemaker: she is a narcissistic woman, an unfaithful wife, an ungrateful migrant, and a controlling migrant mother. Drawing on Sara Ahmed’s notion of the “willful,” this article examines the gendered and raced embodiment in the novel, considering how the migrant woman’s willfulness is precisely a reflection of her lack of will power in the social field. By applying the concept of the gaze, the article unpacks the phenomenology of the female migrant subject that is fragmented by discursive tropes of exotic erotica, sentimental love, and diasporic melancholia, illustrating the ways in which the willful woman’s imaginary means of empowerment actually perpetuates her subordination. Lokugé’s dramatization of an individual’s failed imaginary defiance, I argue, involves mobilizing willful bodies as a political narrative strategy that offers possibilities for not only minority resistance, but also reclaiming diasporic femininity and cultural hybridity through social roles and place-attachments that express minority self-creation.

Exploration of Tragic Soul in Abhijnanashakuntalam

This article explores the tragic tones in Abhijnanashakuntalam (AS) from Aristotelian theory of tragedy. As per this theory, characters confront obstacles, external or from within. It contains characteristics like hamartia, catharsis, consistency, etc. AS too contains all those characteristics. So, this paper explores how Shakuntala confronts tragedies as Aristotle propounds. Karuna rasa suffuses over AS because the farewell scene of Shakuntala predominantly consists of this rasa. The malfeasance and injustices she meets in Dushyanta’s court further justify the pathos in the play. Thus, the concept of tragic soul dominates throughout the play. The West comes to know the dramatic composition of Kalidasa more after William Jones’ translation of AS into English in 1789. The hero and the heroine in it accept their ill fates, dib ‘ring’ as a source of their long separation. The coupling of the two gives a chirpy ending to the play, but the soul of it is full of commiserations. In Sanskrit, the ‘curse’ is one of the agencies evolving into a tragedy. Numerous reviewers and commentators make a study of AS, a drama chiefly of Shringar rasa or the sentiment of love. However, this paper finds it predominantly a drama of pathos or Karuna rasa. To explore these issues, this article applies the qualitative approach to the research. It is exploratory.

Brief Mention

Brief Mention

Sisters Under the Skin: The Great Gatsby as Jazz and Racial History

Abstract In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald uses a technique of “narrative syncopation” to deliver key information on the off-beat, away from the emphasis of a scene or a sentence, slipping it under the reader’s attention. This is both a “jazz” style and a strategy for concealing potentially scandalous material, such as the racial secret of the novel: the family relationship between Daisy and Jordan Baker. In the same way a jazz band can transform a sentimental pop song, Fitzgerald takes a sentimental love story and weaves it into a racial and social history of “The Jazz Age.” Daisy’s “low, thrilling” voice holds the reader on the romantic theme, while in the background, off the beat, Fitzgerald constructs and deconstructs a jazz history of the world, that is, the New World: America.

Unrequited Love in the Selected Novels of Orhan Pamuk

Certainly, Love is one of the most unmistakable natural sentiments of the individual, so the psychologists have attempted to characterize the word 'love' in various manners, for instance,Freud, in his book, (Civilization and Contents)illuminates the sentiment of love according to mental perspective. As he would like to think, a limit between the 'object' and'ego' is degraded, so he stated that "Against to all proof of his feelings, a person, who is in love utters that 'you' and 'I' are one and begins carrying on as if it was a reality" (Freud, 13). 'Self' of the individual, who falls in love is totally degraded into 'oneself' of the other, so Love assumes an important role in bliss or despondency in human life, in which, the fruitful love makes life upbeat and on the contrary, its disappointment changes life into a hopeless wreck, so unfortunately, Unrequited Love is a one imbalance in which you may love someone with all your heart, but you don’t receive these feelings in return. In other words, it is love that isn’t reciprocated. For example, you may love someone deeply, but this person simply doesn’t love you back.
 This paper will discuss the characters’ suffering as a result of the one-sided love and explain how they behaved during the events of the love stories, as well as delineate the tragic ending of their unrequited love, furthermore, it will give some examples from some of Pamuk’s novels.

Más allá de las cualidades: una aproximación al sentimiento amoroso desde el lenguaje poético

Se expone la idea de que las cualidades valiosas de la persona amada son el fundamento del sentimiento amoroso (“teoría de las cualidades”). Se señala en qué medida esta idea permitiría explicar ciertos rasgos centrales del sentimiento amoroso: sus aspectos supuestamente racionales, su orientación al descubrimiento de la belleza y la excelencia de la persona amada, así como su tendencia a singularizarla y distinguirla entre todas las demás personas. Se presentan algunas objeciones a la teoría de las cualidades, especialmente en relación con su sesgo racionalista y su concepción de las personas como agregados de cualidades. Se sugiere restringir la teoría de las cualidades, pero conservando la idea de que el sentimiento amoroso permite una percepción del valor y la excelencia de la persona amada. Se muestra que el lenguaje de las cualidades es un “juego del lenguaje” inadecuado al sentimiento amoroso. Finalmente, a través de un ejemplo de la poesía de Pablo Neruda, se indica cómo el “lenguaje del amor” puede referirse al valor y la belleza de la persona amada sin recurrir al lenguaje de las cualidades.

What’s love got to do with it? The emotional language of early Zionism

ABSTRACT This article looks to European Jewry between the mid-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to illuminate the role of love in a modern nationalist movement. In the third quarter of the nineteenth century, the political activist Moses Hess (1812–1875) and the historian Heinrich Graetz (1817–1891) professed a sentimental love of Jews and of the land of Israel. In the 1880s, the hovevei tsion (Lovers of Zion) movement produced poetry in which attachment to Zion and the Jewish people was more romantic than sentimental, oscillating between a passive, mournful yearning for the land and an active, muscular striving to rebuild it. With the advent of Herzlian political Zionism, the Zionist labor movement, and the Zionist-Palestinian conflict, the more dynamic variety of romanticism became dominant, and it assumed more explicitly erotic and militant dimensions than had previously been the case. Older forms of sentimental love did not disappear, however. Until the end of his life, the Zionist leader Nahum Sokolow (1859–1936) remained convinced that sentimental love was Zionism’s overarching organizing principle.

Sensory Borderland

Sensory Borderland Theresa Rojas (bio) Meditación Fronteriza: Poems of Love, Life, and Labor Norma Elia Cantú The University of Arizona Press www.uapress.arizona.edu 129 Pages; Print, $16.95 Sense memory is when a recollection is evoked by one or more of the senses. When we voluntarily or involuntarily experience a memory triggered by a sight, smell, sound, touch, or taste, we are encountering sense memory. Smell and taste are particularly powerful catalysts in this regard. In fact, evoking sense memory is a technique used in method acting to convincingly reproduce the original emotion in order to deliver a more realistic performance. Sense memory is a way that we experience emotional recall. Norma Elia Cantú's documentation of the sensory world of the US-Mexico border turns her memories into our own. In Meditación Fronteriza, Cantú records a changing world of beauty, humanity, violence, and art. Through Cantú's chronicling of border spaces, people, and body politics, we experience her deep sense of what is lost over time and geography. It is in the celebration of the beauty of this landscape, its people and traditions, many now lost to violence, that the author also celebrates freedom and the possibilities of art. This collection of poetry and occasional prose is divided into six sections, the last of which is a collection of prose in three short, reflective episodes. In the last section, Cantú writes "En esta frontera estoy atrapada. No, situada. No, desplegada. No, estacionada. No, aparcada. No, parqueada. No nada de atrapada o parqueada estoy como el río, siempre y nunca el mismo." The translation is "I am trapped on this border. No, I am situated. No, deployed. No, stationed. No, parked. No, parked (slang). No none of this trapped or parked, I am like the river, always and never the same." The autobiographical collection of works of "love, life, and labor" feels deeply politically, artfully, and geographically charged with reverence, longing, and anger. The collection's first section, SONG OF THE BORDERLANDS, launches the poems "CANTO A LA TIERRA" and "SONG OF THE BORDERLAND," its translation. Many of the poems in this section have Spanish and English versions translated by the author. We see from these first pages that these are indeed poems of love, but not just among people. Cantú expresses love of history, country, tierra, topography, and ancestry, among others. Embedded in these works are also sentiments of love toward family and language. The flow between Spanish and English gives these pieces depth and fluidity. This peaceful contemplation is followed up by the shocking "SHE WAS A BOBOLO GRANDMOTHER," documenting the self-immolation of a grieving grandmother in the 1700s. The poem marks the death of the Bobolo grandmother, just as the end proclaims, "No marker honors her death / and no one knows her name, / but the historian chronicled her death, / and thereby she lives." This piece and the two that follow serve as critical histories of border violence that pay homage to those lost. Likewise, "SOUTH TEXAS—JULY 2014" records two terrible deaths—one of the narrator's friend's father, "He was sixty-five. A loving father. / A businessman. / A husband. / An uncle" and The eleven- or fourteen-year-old boy from Honduras,wearing Angry Birds pants, had his uncle's telephone number on his belt. The uncle in Chicago They found the boy's decomposing body in the brush.Alone. He wandered off away from the others.Lost. To die. Alone. [End Page 10] As with the Bobolo grandmother, this chronicling of senseless deaths brings awareness and thus life to their stories. Section IV, MIEL DE MESQUITE, includes mediations on food, celebrations, and vignettes of life. In particular, "LA LLORONA CONSIDERS THE STATE OF TORTILLAS" stands out for its mix of mythology and modern concerns. The poem begins "She knows they sell them in neat packages / Cellophaned and counted." The visual is immediate and familiar. The reader is deeply immersed in the sense memory of flour tortillas, "The familiar smell of dough cooking on the comal / The puffing up one must, simply must, pat down / To hear the pooof [sic] of air escaping / The...

تأثیر القرآن الكريم في شعر أمير مينائي

Al-Madih Al-Nabavi is a popular Islamic poetry composition among the Muslim poets because the prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is beloved personality of all Muslims and the respectable to be followed in every movement of life. The poets in every era of Islamic History said their poetry verses in the praise of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in the subjective means including the various topics of Al-Madih Al-Nabavi. The poets of other nations like Persian and Urdu nations started expressing their emotions and sentiments of love to the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Ameer Meenai was a great poet of Urdu literature in sub-continent. He was born in Lucknow, India in 1826. He started poetry in his early age. His chapter on Eulogistic Poetry has great fame and published in 1916 with the title of “Mahamid Khatam-ul-Nabiyyeen (PBUH)”. He was impressed by teachings of the Holy Quran. In this article, we will discuss the impact of the Holy Quran in his poetry. This is very important topic of research in literature, especially in Muslim Literature in the world. With the hope that this work will be beneficial for the further researches and for the new scholars as well. This article, basically, focuses upon poetical works of Ameer Meenai, especially on “Mahamid Khatam-ul-Nabiyyeen (PBUH)” and highlights the topics of Holy Quran, its causes and effects of teachings of Holy Quran on his poetry. To find out the results in this field, this research comparatively analyzed the poetical works of Ameer Meenai. After conducting the study of his poetical works, the researcher came to know that there is a remarkable impact of Holy Quran on the poetry of Ameer Meenai. For example, he was interested in miracles and Seerat-ul-Nabi (PBUH) among the other topics of Holy Quran. Similarly, in his Eulogistic poetry there is explanation and justifications of Quranic topics. However, finest of his works are those in which he used, word by word, Quranic verses in his poetry composition that shows distinctions of both languages and highlights the limitations of poetry and prose. &nbsp

Leadership through love and fear: an effective combination

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how employees’ sentiments of fear and companionate love toward their leaders relate to leader effectiveness and follower loyalty. Design/methodology/approach The analysis uses multi-level survey data (n=728) from a professional services firm. Proposed relationships are examined using multi-level modeling, polynomial regression and response surface analysis. Findings Companionate love moderates the relationship between fear of a leader and leader effectiveness and follower loyalty. At high levels of companionate love, leader effectiveness and loyalty increase with fear, but at low levels of companionate love, fear negatively relates to leader effectiveness and loyalty. There are diminishing returns at relatively high levels of love and fear or when love becomes relatively much greater than fear. Research limitations/implications Findings suggest that employees may incorporate sentiments of love and fear into their implicit leadership theories (ILTs), though the authors do not measure ILTs. Practical implications Leaders may consider incorporating behaviors that elicit sentiments of both love and fear for greatest follower loyalty and effectiveness. Originality/value This study is the first to examine the combination of sentiments of love and fear. In contrast to the extant literature, which posits that fear has primarily negative effects, the results suggest that fear may have a more nuanced relationship with perceptions of the leader.

The Vulnerable Spectator

FQ Columnist Amelie Hastie offers a unique and personal meditation on cinema's affective qualities, particularly the sentiment of love. She traces Cuarón's exploration of cinema's fundamental humanism back to Jean Renoir and continues through the Italian Neo-Realists, particularly Vittorio de Sica. She discusses Cuarón's intellectual formation as a student of cinema, and finds a consistent emphasis on women's experiences throughout his films. Introducing Cuarón's description of Roma as an “inquiry” into the relation between “foreground” and “background,” she delves into scenes where character and social environment converge.

She is no Desdemona: a Syrian woman in Samar Attar’s Shakespearean subversions

ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes the significance of appropriating three plays by William Shakespeare—Macbeth (1606), Romeo and Juliet (1597), and Othello (1604)—in Samar Attar’s Lina: A Portrait of a Damascene Girl. The Syrian novelist, Attar, finds in Shakespeare powerful sites for the expression of exile, rejection of sentimental love, and resistance of patriarchy in Arab societies. Attar’s reading of Shakespeare is both constructive and deconstructive. Her novel shows simultaneously identification with and challenges to the British Bard. The main female protagonist, Lina, renounces Shakespeare’s dramatization of the concept of love in Romeo and Juliet and Othello, which requires the female submission to the authority of the male lover. In Macbeth, Attar identifies with its concepts of exile and homeland when one’s country becomes polluted by political conspiracies and chaos. Lina, in Attar’s novel, is a new Arab Desdemona/Juliet, who is subversive and revolutionary to the atrocities of gender marginalization.