Sensor Network Based Monitoring System Research Articles

Wireless Sensor Network-based Monitoring System for Health Structure of Rail-tracks: An Efficient Design for Communication

The paper introduces a monitoring system for the health structure of rail-tracks. The slab track system is highly demanded due to its quality for safety measures and highly sustainable quality for high-speed railway infrastructure, particularly in India for the Bullet-train project. Previously, the system used to monitor the health of slab-tracks was costly and not done regularly, but the evolution of digitalization and wireless sensor networks is doing tremendous work for monitoring the health of infrastructure and other activities. In rail-track systems, wireless sensors can provide us with information, detection, and prediction of the health-infrastructure of rail-tracks. An efficient design for communication systems is needed for such safety-critical railway tracks. The paper proposes an accurate and efficient design for communication.

Wireless Sensor Network Based Monitoring System: Implementation, Constraints, and Solution

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a collection of sensors communicating at close range by forming a wireless-based network (wireless). Since 2015 research related to the use of WSN in various health, agriculture, security industry, and other fields has continued to grow. One interesting research case is the use of WSN for the monitoring process by collecting data using sensors placed and distributed in locations based on a wireless system. Sensors with low power, multifunction, supported by a combination of wireless network, microcontroller, memory, operating system, radio communication, and energy source in the form of an integrated battery enable a monitoring process of the monitoring area to run properly. The implementation of the wireless sensor network includes five main parts, namely sender, receiver, wireless transmission media, data/information, network architecture/configuration, and network management. Network management itself includes network configuration management, network performance management, network failure management, network security management, and network financing management. The main obstacles in implementing a wireless sensor network include three things: an effective and efficient data sending/receiving process, limited and easily depleted sensor energy/power, network security, and data security that is vulnerable to eavesdropping and destruction. This paper presents a taxonomy related to the constraints in implementing Wireless Sensor Networks. This paper also presents solutions from existing studies related to the constraints of implementing the WSN. Furthermore, from the results of the taxonomy mapping of these constraints, new gaps were identified related to developing existing research to produce better solutions.

Vibration safety evaluation model and sensor network-based monitoring system for coke drums in operation

ABSTRACT Repetitive and severe thermal loads and load changes affect not only the physical properties of the coke drum but also its dynamic properties, possibly leading to structural failure. In particular, the operation weight of the drum, which increases up to 10 times or more, affects the dynamic properties of the structure and may threaten safety. Therefore, a vibration safety evaluation model for coke drums in operation is proposed to provide critical feedback on damage accumulation and to evaluate the vibration stability. A monitoring system was also developed to validate the model predictions by measuring the vibration patterns and corresponding modal parameters of the coke drums in operation. The proposed technique was applied to two coke drums in operation, and the vibration safety and factors causing vibration in the target structures were analyzed. The maximum vibration pattern was observed in the target structures at a feeding ratio of 71%. It exceeded the vibration criteria of the vibration safety evaluation model by up to 406%. Moreover, the analysis determined that the rapid increase in operating weight of the coke drums due to the influx of heavy crude oil, and the down-shift in their mode frequency induced superimposition and resonance with the structural mode, causing vibration.

Distributed Event-Triggered Estimation Over Sensor Networks: A Survey.

An event-triggered mechanism is of great efficiency in reducing unnecessary sensor samplings/transmissions and, thus, resource consumption such as sensor power and network bandwidth, which makes distributed event-triggered estimation a promising resource-aware solution for sensor network-based monitoring systems. This paper provides a survey of recent advances in distributed event-triggered estimation for dynamical systems operating over resource-constrained sensor networks. Local estimates of an unavailable state signal are calculated in a distributed and collaborative fashion based on only invoked sensor data. First, several fundamental issues associated with the design of distributed estimators are discussed in detail, such as estimator structures, communication constraints, and design methods. Second, an emphasis is laid on recent developments of distributed event-triggered estimation that has received considerable attention in the past few years. Then, the principle of an event-triggered mechanism is outlined and recent results in this subject are sorted out in accordance with different event-triggering conditions. Third, applications of distributed event-triggered estimation in practical sensor network-based monitoring systems including distributed grid-connected generation systems and target tracking systems are provided. Finally, several challenging issues worthy of further research are envisioned.

Wireless sensor network based monitoring system for precision agriculture in Uzbekistan

The last decades the WSN technology has been adopted by more and more scientific fields for accurate and effective monitoring of climate phenomena like air pollution, destruction phenomena like landslides, etc. It has been widely used in agriculture for field monitoring. WSN is an emerging technology, which through the research in the labs and the real deployments has been proved to be a significant and valuable tool for scientists to explore another world which is behind the various environmental phenomena using tiny sensor nodes In this article, "Expert Advisory System" was developed to improve the productivity of farmers, save their time and improve the efficiency of the crops. The system monitors real-time crop fields using wireless sensor networks and provides the necessary information to farmers via the Internet. The farmer will be required to undertake the necessary remedial action on the basis of the information received. It’s also provided that the simulation of WSN in Contiki Simulator tool. Moreover, the queing model for WSN to also considered in this work.

A wireless sensor network-based monitoring system for freshwater fishpond aquaculture

Cabled intelligent systems bring with them the complexities of structures, the complications of data measurements and transmission, and a limited scale of application. A wireless sensor network is used to eliminate these disadvantages, however reliability of data transmission and energy saving in a wireless sensor network are two challenges that still need to be addressed. The design information on three types of nodes in a wireless sensor network is described in detail. Tree topology for WSN is adopted to decrease the packet loss rate and improve reliability of data transmission. Allowing sensor nodes to sleep and reorganising the data frames are the two approaches used to achieve energy-saving. The experimental results demonstrate the usefulness of these approaches in solving the challenges.

A wireless sensor network-based monitoring system with dynamic convergecast tree algorithm for precision cultivation management in orchid greenhouses

The orchid industry in Taiwan has established large-scale orchid greenhouses to achieve high-precision cultivation of orchids, especially for Phalaenopsis. The wireless sensor network (WSN) technology has been shown to be able to play an important and useful role for effectively acquiring environmental parameters in real-time. However, the mobile benches equipped with different sensors used in an orchid greenhouse create a problem of susceptible dynamic network topology. To meet the requirements of reliable data acquisition in the monitoring of orchid growth, a novel dynamic convergecast tree algorithm (DCTA) based on a tree-like topology was designed and implemented in the WSN-based monitoring system. The proposed WSN algorithm uses the information of the received signal strength indication and hop count to dynamically adjust the routing path of each sensor node. The proposed algorithm includes a flexible scheduling-based design for the medium access control protocol to guarantee higher transmission reliability of the sensor data. An extensive series of experiments, including tests in the lab and an orchid greenhouse, were conducted to examine the performance of the proposed DCTA. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can reliably collect environmental data; average successful data delivery rates up to 92.5 % of the entire tested networks with multiple mobile nodes in the greenhouse can be achieved. The WSN-based monitoring system equipped with the proposed DCTA provides environmental measurements with better spatio-temporal resolution to achieve precision cultivation management for orchids.

Wireless sensor network based monitoring system for a large-scale indoor space: data process and supply air allocation optimization

Wireless sensor network (WSN) for building applications has been considered by many HVAC experts as an efficient tool to promote building energy efficiency and indoor thermal comfort. This paper, therefore, proposes a strategy of using WSN to monitor the temperature distribution in a large-scale indoor space, which aims to (i) improve the quality of the measurements transmitted by wireless signals, (ii) identify the temperature distribution pattern of the large-scale space, and (iii) optimize the allocation of supply air rated flow rate to multiple supply air terminals that serve the space according to the identified temperature distribution pattern. The developed strategy is illustrated by applying it to a real WSN test bed, installed in a typical large-scale space in Hong Kong. Results are presented and discussed, which shows that the phenomenon of temperature uneven distribution was commonly existent in a large-scale space and the developed strategy was able to efficiently improve the quality of measurements by WSN and improve the temperature homogeneity in the large-scale space.

Design of a holonic remote monitoring and diagnosis system for fleet management

The main challenges in sensor network based monitoring systems are the control and management of complex modules and elements interacting among them and with the environment. This work presents and validates a design model for monitoring and diagnosis systems based on sensor networks exploiting potentialities of the holonic approach. The holonic structure is designed with the final goal to guarantee the performances and the functionalities required by the application scenario of road and work vehicles rental companies. Actually they are interacting and geographically distributed systems. The capabilities of cooperation among modules, hierarchical organization, modularity and reliability of holonic design are exploited. Diagnosis of monitored events is coded and validated through an ad hoc ontology. The design does not give assumption on the physical architecture of holons but only on their capacities/properties, therefore it can be reused in different physical and hardware resources. The case studies confirm the capability of our design to be quickly transferred to programmers and coded in firmware and software.

Hammerstein-Wiener model for the prediction of temperature variations inside silage stack-bales using wireless sensor networks

Animal forage plays an important role in agriculture. To maintain the silage quality during storage, preserving it from decomposition by wrapping the harvested crop with plastic stretch film is crucial. Any failure in the preserving process permits the infusion of oxygen, which allows the growth of undesirable aerobic microorganisms and silage decomposition. To study the state of the silage, temperature inside the stack could be used as indicator of decomposition. However, no previous study has developed a model that can detect decomposition based on abnormal temperature variations inside a silage stack. The first objective of this paper was to develop a structured nonlinear model to estimate the dynamics of temperature variations measured by a wireless sensor network-based monitoring system (nRF95E) inside a silage bale and stack prior to the decomposition process. The requirement of a robust nonlinear model is that sensor nonlinearities that are inherent in nature are considered. The results showed that a Hammerstein-Wiener (HW) model with sigmoid network performed the best in terms of percentage of fit (91.70%) between the measured and simulated output. The second objective was to estimate the length of time required to detect the decomposition process after the airtight seal was punctured using the model. The error between the predicted model output and the sensor readings exceeded a preset threshold interval 17 days after the cover film was punctured and 9 days after the decomposition process was detected due to the odour released.

Energy generation for an ad hoc wireless sensor network-based monitoring system using animal head movement

The supply of energy to electronics is an imperative constraining factor to be considered during the design process of mobile ad hoc wireless sensor networks (MANETs). This influence is especially important when the MANET is deployed unattended or the wireless modules within the MANET are not easily accessible. Therefore, exploring novel sources of energy generation rather than operating electronics only on limited power supplies such as batteries is a major challenge. Monitoring free-ranging animal behavior is an application in which the entities (animals) within the MANET are not readily accessible; however, animal movement can be potentially used to generate energy. In this study, the head movements of individual sheep in a flock during grazing were monitored in order to investigate the amount of energy that can be generated by these movements. By applying the Lagrange–d’Alembert Principle to this problem, the equations of motion from each neck-mounted sensor as well as the amount of mechanical energy generated per time instant (each second) during upward and downward head movements were calculated. This resulted in the production of 857 mW and 1660 mW during the downward and upward movements, respectively. Furthermore, the energy consumption of each wireless node within the MANET was estimated to be 117.8 mW per second. Conversion of energy from mechanical to electrical requires miniature electromechanical generators that can currently provide between 25% and 50% conversion efficiency. Even using the worst conversion efficiency (25%), a minimum of 214 ± 25 mW of electrical energy per second could be generated. This amount exceeds the energy consumed by the wireless sensors that can be used to gather parameters describing animal behavior such as neck and head movement. This study suggests that the amount of energy generated by the vertical neck–head movement of sheep during grazing can be converted to useful electrical power adequate to provide power for operation of wireless sensor nodes on a continuous basis within a MANET-based animal behavior monitoring system.

Reputation as optimality measure in Wireless Sensor Network-based monitoring systems

In this paper we propose a new optimality measure for Wireless Sensor Network-based structural monitoring systems. First, we present the results of experiments showing the reasons for random effects in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) functioning. Then, the formulas for calculating a network’s reputation measure are given. Finally, we conclude with arguments for the application of the reputation-based optimality measure in WSNs. We propose significantly new recommendations for the design and usage of WSNs.