Sensitivity Pattern Research Articles

Comparative analysis of antibiotic sensitivity pattern in Streptococcus mutans isolated from dental caries of different age & sex group in Dhaka city, Bangladesh

Comparative analysis of antibiotic sensitivity pattern in Streptococcus mutans isolated from dental caries of different age & sex group in Dhaka city, Bangladesh

Prevalence of immunoglobulin E sensitisation to mites and pollens in 25,451 French dogs from 2016 to 2022.

Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a common skin disorder in dogs, wherein allergens are presumed to exert a significant influence. The prevalence of allergen sensitisation in dogs with suspected cAD remains inadequately investigated in France. This study aimed to analyse allergen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E test results from French dogs with suspected cAD, exploring potential risk factors influencing sensitisation. The study included 25,451 client-owned dogs presented with clinical signs of cAD between January 2016 and December 2022. The study population consisted of 226 pure breeds and 915 cross-bred dogs of both sexes, with a mean age of 4.4 (±2.8) years. Data collection involved the compilation of results from canine serological allergen-specific IgE ELISA tests, using a 23 allergen composite panel. The influence of breed, sex, age, geographical area and sampling season on IgE test outcomes subsequently was analysed. Of the 25,451 analysed samples, 75.6% exhibited significant serum IgE concentrations in response to at least one of the tested allergens, with 67.9% testing positive for mites and 39.8% for pollens. Breed, sex, age, geographical area and sampling season were identified as significant risk factors influencing sensitisation patterns. This study provides insights into the prevalence and risk factors associated with allergen sensitisation in dogs with suspected cAD. Understanding these factors is crucial for effective diagnosis and tailored management strategies in veterinary practice. The findings underscore the need for personalised approaches in addressing cAD, considering individual patient characteristics.

Revealing the spatial pattern of brain hemodynamic sensitivity to healthy aging through sparse DCM.

Age-related changes in the BOLD response could reflect neuro-vascular coupling modifications rather than simply impairments in neural functioning. In this study, we propose the use of a sparse dynamic causal model (sDCM) to decouple neuronal and vascular factors in the BOLD signal, with the aim of characterizing the whole-brain spatial pattern of hemodynamic sensitivity to healthy aging, as well as to test the role of hemodynamic features as independent predictors in an age-classification model. sDCM was applied to the resting-state fMRI data of a cohort of 126 healthy individuals in a wide age range (31 females), providing reliable estimates of the hemodynamic response function (HRF) for each subject and each region of interest. Then, some features characterizing each HRF curve were extracted and used to fit a multivariate logistic regression model predicting the age class of each individual. Ultimately, we tested the final predictive model on an independent dataset of 338 healthy subjects (173 females) selected from the Human Connectome Project Aging (HCP-A) and Development (HCP-D) cohorts. Our results entail the spatial heterogeneity of the age effects on the hemodynamic component, since its impact resulted to be strongly region- and population-specific, discouraging any space-invariant corrective procedures that attempt to correct for vascular factors when carrying out functional studies involving groups with different ages. Moreover, we demonstrated that a strong interaction exists between some specific hemodynamic features and age, further supporting the essential role of the hemodynamic factor as independent predictor of biological aging, rather than a simple confounding variable.Significance statement By inferring region-wise hemodynamic profiles at the individual level, this is the first study providing an exhaustive whole-brain characterization of the hemodynamic sensitivity to healthy aging, reporting further evidence of the vascular changes across the adult lifespan. Using a predictive framework, we analysed the statistical influence of advancing age on individual regional hemodynamic attributes, offering a quantitative evaluation of the diverse hemodynamic bias across different brain regions. We then unveiled a specific set of hemodynamic predictors to discriminate young from elderly people, mainly describing vascular properties of right-hemispheric areas. This suggests the asymmetric nature of vascular degeneration processes affecting the human brain at the latest stage of life, other than a potential biomarker that could be relevant for brain-age prediction.

Cross-continental comparison of plant reproductive phenology shows high intraspecific variation in temperature sensitivity

Abstract The success of plant species under climate change will be determined, in part, by their phenological responses to temperature. Despite the growing need to forecast such outcomes across entire species ranges, it remains unclear how phenological sensitivity to temperature might vary across individuals of the same species. In this study, we harnessed community science data to document intraspecific patterns in phenological temperature sensitivity across the multicontinental range of six herbaceous plant species. Using linear models, we correlated georeferenced temperature data with 23,220 plant phenological records from iNaturalist to generate spatially-explicit estimates of phenological temperature sensitivity across the shared range of species. We additionally evaluated the geographic association between local historic climate conditions (i.e. mean annual temperature and interannual variability in temperature) and the temperature sensitivity of plants. We found that plant temperature sensitivity varied substantially at both the interspecific and intraspecific level, demonstrating that phenological responses to climate change have the potential to vary both within and among species. Additionally, we provide evidence for a strong geographic association between plant temperature sensitivity and local historic climate conditions. Plants were more sensitive to temperature in hotter climates (i.e., regions with high mean annual temperature), but only in regions with high interannual temperature variability. In regions with low interannual temperature variability, plants displayed universally weak sensitivity to temperature, regardless of baseline annual temperature. This evidence suggests that pheno-climatic forecasts may be improved by accounting for intraspecific variation in phenological temperature sensitivity. Broad climatic factors such as mean annual temperature and interannual temperature variability likely serve as useful predictors for estimating temperature sensitivity across species’ ranges.

Sensitizations to pollen differ between Central European and Sub-Saharan African atopic dermatitis patients

Summary Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is often associated with allergic comorbidities, such as allergic asthma or allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC). Sensitizations to pollen can directly impact AD, as patients can experience exacerbation during pollen season. This study aims to gain more insights into the pollen sensitization patterns of AD patients in Central Europe compared with sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods We performed a case–control study involving a total of 90 participants: 20 AD patients and 10 healthy controls (HC) each from Switzerland (CH), Tanzania (TZ), and Madagascar (MD). We collected clinical data and serum samples and performed a multiplex IgE test (ALEX2 Allergy Explorer, MacroArray Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria). Results The prevalence of ARC and asthma in AD patients was similar in all countries (ARC: 60% TZ, 70% CH, 75% MD; asthma: 25% TZ, 30% CH, 20% MD). Total IgE levels were significantly higher in both SSA HC populations compared with the Swiss HC. The analysis of specific IgE levels revealed major differences in sensitization patterns between Africa and Europe, especially regarding grass pollen allergens. Swiss AD patients were sensitized to various grass pollen such as Bahia grass, Bermuda grass, common reed, perennial ryegrass, rye, and timothy grass. However, these allergens were irrelevant in the SSA population: no AD patient or HC subject was sensitized to the tested grass pollen. Conclusion The considerably different sensitization patterns between European and SSA AD patients warrant the development of allergy testing and desensitization therapies tailored to the African setting. Therefore, there is a need to characterize local pollen types and counts.

The Description of Microbial Pattern and Antibiotic Sensitivity Among Pediatric Patients at RSUP M Djamil Padang

Background Infection alludes to the invasion and multiplication of either microorganisms or parasites inside bodily tissues. The management of such infections is closely interrelated to the use of antibiotics. Ineffective use of antibiotics is contributed to the antibiotic resistance. Severe disease complications and lengthy hospital stays are among essential reasons why physicians may prescribe myriad types of antibiotics for longer durations. In effort to diminish resistance, the selection of antibiotics ought to be based on information about the bacterial spectrum causing the infection and the patterns of sensitivity to antibiotics. Annual reporting of microbial patterns and sensitivity testing is essential, particularly for pediatric ward patients, as it provides a guide for administering relevant antibiotics and preventing further spread of infections. Objectives This study evaluated microbial patterns, sensitivity test results, and antibiotic resistance among patients in the pediatric ward of RSUP M Djamil Padang from January-December 2020, with a total of 138 samples. Results The proportion of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria are 83.3% and 16.7%, respectively. The most prevalent gram-negative bacteria are Klebsiella pneumoniae (28.9%), Escherichia coli (26.1%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.9%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (7.2%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (3.7%) also present. These bacteria are predominantly found in samples of feces, urine, and blood. Gram-positive bacteria show notable resistance to the antibiotics such as erythromycin (22.2%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (19%), and ciprofloxacin (15.8%), while being sensitive to chloramphenicol (17.4%), vancomycin (15.1%), and tetracycline (12%). In contrast, gram-negative bacteria exhibit resistance to ampicillin (16.5%), ceftriaxone (12.1%), and ceftazidime (11.3%), but are sensitive to amikacin (19.8%), meropenem (19.4%), and gentamicin (10.9%). Keywords: microbial patterns, antibiotic sensitivity, pediatric ward

Olfactory Visualization Sensing Array Made with CelluMOFs to Predict Fruit Ripeness Using Deep Learning.

Developing a colorimetry-based artificial scent screening system (i.e., an olfactory visual sensing system) with high sensitivity and accurate pattern recognition for detecting fruit ripeness remains challenging. In this work, we construct a flexible dye/CelluMOFs-based sensor array with improved sensitivity for on-site detection of characteristic gases of fruits and integrate a densely connected convolutional network (DenseNet) into the sensor array, enabling it to recognize unique scent fingerprints and categorize the ripeness of fruits. In the system, CelluMOFs are synthesized through in situ growth of γ-cyclodextrin metal-organic frameworks (γ-CD-MOFs) on flexible fiber filter paper to fabricate a uniform, flexible and porous dye/CelluMOFs sensitive membrane. Compared to the pristine filter paper, the CelluMOFs exhibit increased porosity with a 62 times higher specific surface area and a 3-fold increase in dye loading capacity after 12 h of adsorption. The prepared dye/CelluMOFs sensing film shows outstanding mechanical and detection stability with negligible deviation after 100 cycles of rubbing. The colorimetric visualization arrays with multiple colorimetric dye/CelluMOFs chips, enable the sensitive recognition and detection of nine kinds of characteristic fruit odors and achieve a high response at 8-1500 ppm of trans-2-hexenal, showcasing remarkably low gas detection thresholds. On the basis of the ppm-level limit of detection with high sensitivity, the fabricated colorimetric sensor arrays are typically used for in situ assessment of fruit ripeness by integrating DenseNet. This approach achieves a satisfactory classification accuracy of 99.09% on the validation set, enabling high-precision prediction of fruit ripeness levels.

Bacterial Profile in Urine Culture and Amikacin Sensitivity and Emergence of Carbapenem-Resistant Pathogens in Tertiary Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common encounters both in the outpatient department and inpatient department. It is important to know the bacteriological etiology according to urine culture and to know the antibiotic sensitivity. Objective: Our study was carried out to observe the urine culture and sensitivity pattern to commonly used injectable antibiotics such as amikacin and to look for the emergence of carbapenem-resistant uropathogens.Materials and methods: A total of 150 patients of UTI being culture-positive were isolated and identified by random selection. Samples were collected throughout January 2022 to March 2022. Standard microbiological techniques were used to identify the bacteria and test for susceptibility to various antibiotics. Data were entered into MS Office Excel 2016 for analysis and visualization.Results: The most common urine culture positive was E. coli, 108 (72%) followed by Pseudomonas sp., 16 (11%) and staphylococcus saprophyticus, 15 (10%). The rest of 7% urine culture was positive were other bacterial species. Around 90% of the total cultured E. coli was sensitive to amikacin. Staphylococcus saprophyticus 8 cases (53%), E. coli 15 cases (14%) and Pseudomonas sp. single cases (6%) were resistant to carbapenem. Resistance to vancomycin was common among most of the pathogens, with 88 cases (81%) of E. coli and 12 cases (75%) of Pseudomonas sp. being resistant. In contrast, Staphylococcus saprophyticus had a higher sensitivity to vancomycin, with only 3 cases (20%) being resistant and 12 cases (80%) being sensitive.Conclusion: The study focused on the commonest uropathogens causing UTI and antibiotic resistance in urine isolates may be useful guidelines for clinicians initiating empirical antibiotic therapy as well as help in the formulation of antibiotic therapy strategy. KYAMC Journal Volume: 15, No: 01, April 2024: 16-19.

Isolation and Identification of Urinary Tract Infectious Bacteria and their Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern in Different Age Group

Isolation and Identification of Urinary Tract Infectious Bacteria and their Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern in Different Age Group

Experts consensus on standard items of the cohort construction and quality control of temporomandibular joint diseases (2024)

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases are common clinical conditions. The number of patients with TMJ diseases is large, and the etiology, epidemiology, disease spectrum, and treatment of the disease remain controversial and unknown. To understand and master the current situation of the occurrence, development and prevention of TMJ diseases, as well as to identify the patterns in etiology, incidence, drug sensitivity, and prognosis is crucial for alleviating patients'suffering.This will facilitate in-depth medical research, effective disease prevention measures, and the formulation of corresponding health policies. Cohort construction and research has an irreplaceable role in precise disease prevention and significant improvement in diagnosis and treatment levels. Large-scale cohort studies are needed to explore the relationship between potential risk factors and outcomes of TMJ diseases, and to observe disease prognoses through long-term follw-ups. The consensus aims to establish a standard conceptual frame work for a cohort study on patients with TMJ disease while providing ideas for cohort data standards to this condition. TMJ disease cohort data consists of both common data standards applicable to all specific disease cohorts as well as disease-specific data standards. Common data were available for each specific disease cohort. By integrating different cohort research resources, standard problems or study variables can be unified. Long-term follow-up can be performed using consistent definitions and criteria across different projects for better core data collection. It is hoped that this consensus will be facilitate the development cohort studies of TMJ diseases.

In vivo perturb-seq of cancer and microenvironment cells dissects oncologic drivers and radiotherapy responses in glioblastoma.

Genetic perturbation screens with single-cell readouts have enabled rich phenotyping of gene function and regulatory networks. These approaches have been challenging in vivo, especially in adult disease models such as cancer, which include mixtures of malignant and microenvironment cells. Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal cancer, and methods of systematically interrogating gene function and therapeutic targets in vivo, especially in combination with standard of care treatment such as radiotherapy, are lacking. Here, we iteratively develop a multiplex in vivo perturb-seq CRISPRi platform for single-cell genetic screens in cancer and tumor microenvironment cells that leverages intracranial convection enhanced delivery of sgRNA libraries into mouse models of GBM. Our platform enables potent silencing of drivers of in vivo growth and tumor maintenance as well as genes that sensitize GBM to radiotherapy. We find radiotherapy rewires transcriptional responses to genetic perturbations in an in vivo-dependent manner, revealing heterogenous patterns of treatment sensitization or resistance in GBM. Furthermore, we demonstrate targeting of genes that function in the tumor microenvironment, enabling alterations of ligand-receptor interactions between immune and stromal cells following in vivo CRISPRi perturbations that can affect tumor cell phagocytosis. In sum, we demonstrate the utility of multiplexed perturb-seq for in vivo single-cell dissection of adult cancer and normal tissue biology across multiple cell types in the context of therapeutic intervention, a platform with potential for broad application.

Characterization of Candida species isolated from clinical specimens: insights into virulence traits, antifungal resistance and molecular profiles

BackgroundCandida species have emerged as a significant cause of opportunistic infections. Alongside the expression of various virulence factors, the rise of antifungal resistance among Candida species presents a considerable clinical challenge.AimThis study aimed to identify different Candida species isolated from clinical specimens, evaluate their antifungal sensitivity patterns, identify key genes regulating virulence mechanisms using multiplex PCR and to assess any correlation between their virulence profiles and antifungal resistance patterns.MethodA total of 100 Candida spp. was isolated from 630 different clinical specimens and identified to the species level. Their antifungal susceptibility was phenotypically evaluated in accordance with CLSI guidelines using the Vitek-2 Compact System. Virulence markers, including biofilm formation capacity, protease production, melanin production, coagulase production and hemolysin production, were also phenotypically detected. The genetic determinants for biofilm formation and extracellular hydrolytic enzymes were assessed using a multiplex PCR assay.ResultsThe prevalence of Candida spp. was 15.9%, with C. albicans (48%) and C. glabrata (16%) being the most common. C. albicans showed the highest virulence, with strong biofilm formation, and high proteinase and melanin production. Multiplex PCR revealed Hlp in 22.0%, Hwp in 80.0%, Als in 56.0%, and Sap genes in 56.0% of isolates. Virulence genes were more common in C. albicans than in non-albicans Candida (NAC). Resistance patterns significantly correlated with virulence profiles, with notable associations between flucytosine resistance and the presence of Hlp and Hwp genes.ConclusionThe significant correlation between virulent markers such as germination, coagulase, hemolysin production and resistance patterns among different Candida isolates is crucial for predicting the severity and outcomes of Candida infections. This understanding aids in guiding tailored treatment strategies.

The epidemiology and microbiology of central venous catheter related bloodstream infections among hemodialysis patients in the Philippines: a retrospective cohort study

BackgroundDespite efforts to improve the management of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) in literature, temporary CVCs continue to be used for maintenance hemodialysis outside of acute care settings, particularly in the Philippines.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study to investigate the incidence, outcomes, risk factors, and microbiological patterns of CRBSI among adult kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis at the Philippine General Hospital, the country's largest tertiary referral center. We included all adult patients who received a CVC for hemodialysis from January 1, 2018, to August 31, 2019, and followed them for six months to observe the occurrence of CRBSI and its outcomes.ResultsOur study documented a CRBSI incidence rate of 6.72 episodes per 1000 catheter days, with a relapse rate of 5.08%, a reinfection rate of 15.74%, and a mortality rate of 6.09%. On multivariable regression analysis, we identified autoimmune disease, dialysis frequency of > 3 × per week, use of CVC for either blood transfusion or IV medications, renal hypoperfusion, drug-induced nephropathy, and hypertensive kidney disease as significant risk factors for CRBSI. Gram-negative bacteria, including B. cepacia complex, Enterobacter, and Acinetobacter spp, were the most common organisms causing CRBSI. Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) comprised almost half of the isolates (n = 89, 44.5%), with Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species having the highest proportion among gram-positive organisms and Acinetobacter spp. among gram-negative isolates.ConclusionOur findings emphasize the need for more stringent measures and interventions to prevent the propagation of identified pathogens, such as a review of sterile technique and adequate hygiene practices, continued surveillance, and expedited placement and utilization of long-term access for patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Furthermore, CVC use outside of hemodialysis should be discouraged, and common antibiotic regimens such as piperacillin-tazobactam and fluoroquinolones should be reviewed for their low sensitivity patterns among gram-negative isolates. Addressing these issues can improve hemodialysis patients' outcomes and reduce the CRBSI burden in our institution.

Allergen sensitization patterns concerning different governorates in Egypt: a retrospective study

Background Allergic disorders afflict 22% of the world’s population. Treatment and prevention of allergic diseases are dependent on correctly identifying the causal allergens and implementing appropriate avoidance approaches. We aimed to assess the variation in patterns of allergen sensitization among patients with allergic disorders in different Egyptian governorates. Methods This retrospective study included patients with allergic disorders attending an allergen immunotherapy outpatient clinic. Demographic data, diagnosis of allergic disorders, and skin prick test results of enrolled patients were retrieved from the medical records. Also, patients’ place of residence was recorded by the governorate. Results This study included 5024 patients with allergic disorders. Most of the studied patients were sensitized to mold (94.3%) followed by house dust mites (74.7%) and hay dust (69%). There was no statistical difference in allergen sensitization patterns in different Egyptian governorates. However, there was a statistically significant relation between allergic rhinitis and mixed pollen 1 (P value 0.02) and mite (P value 0.001). For bronchial asthma, both dog hair and chicken feather sensitization patterns showed a strong association with P values 0.02 and 0.03, respectively. Atopic dermatitis had a significant association with both mites (P value 0.001) and barely (P value 0.02). Conclusion The sensitization patterns did not significantly differ between the Egyptian governorates. However, it is significantly associated with allergic disorders. The most prevalent sensitization pattern in Egypt was mold.

Impact of pre-fermentative maceration techniques on the chemical characteristics, phenolic composition, in vitro bioaccessibility, and biological activities of alcoholic and acetic fermented products from jaboticaba (Plinia trunciflora)

The jaboticaba is a fruit with a highly promising chemical profile for producing fermented products with biological activity. In this context, evaluating pre-fermentative maceration techniques in jaboticaba fermentations is essential to optimize the extraction of phenolic compounds and other metabolites of interest, imparting antioxidant characteristics to the product and offering potential health benefits. This study evaluated the impact of two pre-fermentative maceration techniques on the phenolic composition, bioaccessibility, and biological activities (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and ACE inhibition) of alcoholic and acetic fermented products from jaboticaba. Three treatments were performed: one without pre-fermentative maceration and two with maceration, one cold (4 °C for 24 h) and the other thermal maceration (50 °C until 16 °Brix). The resulting musts were subjected to alcoholic and acetic fermentation. The results showed that the fermented products obtained after thermal maceration had higher concentrations of phenolic compounds, with ellagic acid (5,393.78 µg/L) standing out for thealcoholic beverage and 2.5-DHBA (1,552.33 µg/L) and 3.4-DHB (863.15 µg/L) acids for the vinegar. Regarding bioaccessibility, both pre-fermentative maceration techniques contributed to more bioaccessible compounds (with indices above 20 %) compared to the samples without maceration. A more significant inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase was observed in the samples subjected to thermal maceration, along with notable ACE inhibition. Additionally, the sensitivity of E. coli, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, and S. Enteritidis to the fermented jaboticaba products was verified, with distinct sensitivity patterns for each type of bacteria. In summary, this study offers a new perspective for valorizing fermented jaboticaba products through pre-fermentative techniques, enriching the understanding of this technique and its potential nutritional and bioactive contributions.

Microbial Sampling and Analysis taken from Laboratory white Coats Staff Working at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital

Lab coats are protective elements to people working in health care and researches that separates them from pollutants. However, if not properly used, it can be a source of multiple microbiological contaminations. This study was done at AL-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital-Baghdad, during from 15th November 2023 to 15th March 2024. It was designed to find the most common bacteria, fungi and yeasts that might be present on staff lab coats. 53 samples (106 swabs) were cultured after collected from the sleeves and pockets of staff Lab coats and observed the antimicrobial susceptibility in lab swabs culture for 14 isolates out of 106 swabs belonged to Gram positive bacteria and sensitivity patterns against 16 antimicrobials. Gram positive bacteria found to be the most common organisms in lab coats represented by Microbiology unit with 71.4%, followed by Phlebotomy units 21.4% , which represented by Coagulase-negative Staphylococci(CoNS) Staphylococcus epidermidis (43.9%),Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus warneri (21.4% ,14.3%) respectively. , It turns out, higher bacteria growth in female Lab coats )85.7%( than in male )14.3% (and in sleeves )15.1%( than in pockets(11.3%) ,in addition , increased response to sensitivity test for antibiotics , especially Tigecycline antibiotic 100% ,Gentamycin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Teicoplanin and Rifampicin (92.9%),as well others but in varying degrees , and not any type of fungi were isolated. In conclusion, Gram positive bacteria population was the most common organisms, higher prevalence of microbial infection in female than in men and increased of antibiotic sensitivity specially Tigecycline antibiotic, however, should proper maintenance and educational practices must be applied to minimize contamination.

Asymptomatic Group B Streptococcal infection, Antibiotic Sensitivity, Risk Factors and Pregnancy Outcome among Pregnant Women at the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria

Background Streptococcus agalactiae or group B streptococcus (GBS), although a normal commensal, it is a leading cause of both maternal and neonatal sepsis. Objectives The study assessed the prevalence and sensitivity pattern of Group B Streptococcus, as well as the risk factors for infection and pregnancy outcome among pregnant women at the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria. Methods A prospective study among 152 pregnant women at the antenatal care clinic of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, selected by simple random sampling technique and relevant information was obtained using semi structured interviewer questionnaire. Swab samples were collected from the vagina and rectum for culture and further evaluation. The data was managed using SPSS software version 26 and the variables were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, and P- value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result The prevalence of Group B Streptococcal infection among respondents was 4.6%. The mean age was 26.97± 5.6 with a range of 16 to 39 years. The organism was 100 % sensitive to Levofloxacin, Gentamycin and Clindamycin, but 57.1 %, 28.6 % and 14.3 % sensitive to Erythromycin, Augmentin and Penicillin respectively. The spousal educational status was statistically associated with GBS infection at a P- Value 0.04. There was 1(0.7%) each of spontaneous miscarriage and a preterm birth at 36 weeks’ gestation. Conclusion Group B Streptococcal infection is relatively common in our environment, with a contrary susceptibility pattern. It is association with spousal educational status.

A Study Of Bacteriological Profile And Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern OfDiabetic Foot Ulcer Patients In A Tertiary Care Hospital Of West Bengal

A Study Of Bacteriological Profile And Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern OfDiabetic Foot Ulcer Patients In A Tertiary Care Hospital Of West Bengal

Study of Bacterial Contamination in the Operating Room and Newborn Intensive Care Unit: Effects of the Predominantly Used Antibiotics at Sabratha Teaching Hospital

Contamination by bacteria in the operating room (OR) and newborn intensive care units (NICU) has continued to increase the incidence of nosocomial infections and a center point of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. This study was to examine the spread of bacteria isolated from inanimate surfaces in the operating room and neonatal intensive care units at Sabratha Teaching Hospital and find out the effectiveness of the most antimicrobial used. Methods: At the Sabratha Teaching Hospital in Sabratha, Libya, a cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in the OR and NICU from February to May 2024. A total of 22 swab samples were collected from high-contact environmental surfaces. Isolation, identification, and antibiotic sensitivity patterns were performed via standard techniques. Results: After 48 hours of incubation, (54.5 %) of the swabbed surfaces showed positive bacterial growth and 45.5% showed no bacterial growth, of which 25% had gram-positive bacteria and 75% had gram-negative bacteria. Staphylococcus saprophyticus 3 (25%) was the identified gram-positive bacterial isolate, and Klebsiella spp. 5 (55.5%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4 (44.4%) were the probable gram-negative bacterial isolates. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of clinical pathogens tested Staphylococcus epidermides and Klebsiella spp showed similar patterns which were sensitive to most antimicrobials used, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa was highly resistant to Cotrimoxazole, Cefatoxime, Cefixitin, Ceftazidime, Ceftricillin, and Calvu amoxicillin. Conclusion: This study confirms the need for rigorous disinfection protocols and hand hygiene to reduce the spread of these pathogens in the OR and NICU.

Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of uropathogens in men with prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia from Southwestern Nigeria

BackgroundEpidemiological investigations have revealed an important association between infection, inflammation and prostate cancer. Certain bacterial species, such as Klebsiella spp, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp, Proteus mirabilis, Chlamydia trachomatis have been linked to prostate cancer. This study aimed to examine the microbiota; specifically bacterial species that have been linked to prostate infections in the urine of individuals diagnosed with prostate cancer.ResultsSixty-six prostate cancer patients and forty controls provided midstream urine samples. The urine samples were grown on suitable medium, and bacterial isolates were detected by standard microbiological methods. Additionally, the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the bacterial isolates was analysed. A total of number of 72 bacterial isolates were obtained from the urine of study participants. The results showed the presence of Escherichia coli (50.0%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.1%), Klebsiella spp (15.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (8.3%), Enterobacter spp (4.2%), and Proteus mirabilis (2.8%) in the urine. The most common bacterial species isolated from prostate cancer patients was Escherichia coli, which was susceptible to levofloxacin (100%), tobramycin (91.7%), and amikacin (62.5%).ConclusionsThis study’s findings established the presence of bacteria previously linked to prostatitis. This report indicates a high prevalence of pro-inflammatory bacteria and uropathogens in the urinary tract of men diagnosed with prostate cancer.