Sensitivity Pattern Of Organisms Research Articles

Epidemiological and Bacteriological Profile of Urinary Tract Infection and the Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Causative Organisms in National Medical College and Teaching Hospital - A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infectious conditions seeking treatment. There are varieties of microorganisms associated. The bacteriological investigations are incomplete without antibiotic sensitivity test of the isolate. Our aim is to determine age and sex distribution of UTI, bacteriological profile, and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the organisms.
 Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional observational study of records of patients with clinically suspected UTI from Kartik 2076 to Magh 2076 was conducted at National Medical College and Teaching Hospital (NMCTH). It included both inpatient and OPD visit patients who submitted their clean-catch midstream urine sample for culture and antibiotic sensitivity at Microbiology lab of NMCTH.
 Result: Out of 385 patients, 103 (26.75%) showed bacterial growth. Escherichia coli (47.58 %) was the most common organism followed by Staphylococcus sps. (18.45%) and Klebsiella sps.(17.47%) respectively. There was female dominance (62.13%) but male were predominantly affected in children and older population. The most common age group for UTI was 21-30 years (mean age 25 years) and females were more affected than males. The most common pathogen was Escherichia coli, followed by Staphylococcal sps. and Klebsiella. All the organisms showed best sensitivity to tigecycline (100%).
 Conclusion: This study highlights the common pathogens causing UTI and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns which could help clinicians in starting rational empirical antibiotic therapy for such patients while awaiting urine culture reports.

Microbiological Profile of Infections of the Hip Joint: An Indian Perspective

AbstractBackground: Knowledge of the local microbiological epidemiology helps in formulating protocols for appropriate treatment of hip infections. The aim of this study was to profile the organisms cultured from infected hips. Methods: The microbiological profile and sensitivity pattern of organisms in eighty infected hips were reviewed. Results: Infection was secondary to arthroplasty in 35, fracture surgery in 34 and primary septic arthritis in 11. Twenty percent of the infections were polymicrobial, whereas the rest were monomicrobial. Fifty-five percent were Gram-positive, of which 45% were Staphylococcus species (36% methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, 20% methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and 44% coagulase sensitive Staphylococcal species). All Staphylococcus species were sensitive to vancomycin, but 20% of Enterococcus species were resistant to vancomycin. One-third of the Enterococcus species and 2% of Staphylococcus species were resistant to teicoplanin. Escherichia coli (n = 10) and Pseudomonas sp. (n = 13) were the most common Gram-negative organism. Although 18% of the Gram-negative organisms were carbapenem resistant, all were sensitive to colistin. Conclusion:Staphylococcus sp. was the most common pathogen found in hip infections. However, the high incidence of Gram-negative infection requires that prophylactic antibiotics cover these organisms as well. The high resistance to first-line antibiotics should be taken into consideration while making protocols. The knowledge of the microbial profile is especially important when considering arthroplasty for arthritis secondary to hip infections.

Urinary tract infection in children with protein-energy malnutrition in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano, Northwest Nigeria

Background: Determining the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of urinary tract infection (UTI) in malnourished children in a community will help the clinician in decision-making regarding suitable first-line antibiotics. Materials and Methods: We performed a prospective cross-sectional study from July to November 2011 at the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital to determine the prevalence of UTI and evaluate the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of organisms isolated from the urine of children with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and normal controls. In total, 169 children with PEM aged 6–59 months were enrolled consecutively as subjects and 169 well-nourished age and sex-matched children as controls. Results: The prevalence of UTI was found to be 16.0% in the subjects; this was significantly higher than 2.4% in the controls. The most common isolate was E. coli in both the subjects and controls. All isolates were sensitive to gentamycin and ciprofloxacin, whereas about half of the isolates were resistant to commonly used antibiotics such as amoxicillin, cotrimoxazole, and cefuroxime. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the organisms differs from other reports. Conclusion: There is high a prevalence of antibiotic resistance to the commonly used antibiotics for UTI. It is recommended that ciprofloxacin or gentamycin be considered as empirical antibiotic of choice in children with PEM and proven UTI. It is advised that regular surveillance of urinary tract pathogens should be carried out to evaluate antibiotic sensitivity pattern to guide empirical treatment.

PO-0521 Audit Of Management Of Neonates Presenting With Suspected Sepsis And/or Meningitis

Introduction Sepsis is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in neonates. Diagnosis can be challenging as clinical features are nonspecific and the diagnostic tests have poor predictive accuracy. Objectives To identify incidence of sepsis, risk factors and clinical presentation, sensitivity pattern of organisms, management and compare with local guidelines. Project methodology Retrospective case notes analysis of babies up to 28 days age and presenting with features of sepsis during August 2011 to July 2013. Data collected on risk factors, clinical presentation, management and outcome. Results 23 out of 88 babies had blood, urine or CSF positives for viral or bacterial organisms of which 11 were true positives. Significant number of babies presented with nonspecific symptoms. Risk factors for neonatal sepsis were not always documented. A significant number did not have urine or CSF cultures prior to starting antibiotics (urine 54% and CSF 77%). The total number of contaminants was 12/23 of which Coagulase negative staph was predominant. Of the 12 true positives 3 had bacteraemia (1 died),1 had positive Group B streptococcus both in blood and CSF (died), 5 had urinary tract infection and 2 had CSF viral PCR positive (1 died). Of the 9 various antibiotic combination used the most commonly used combination was Cefotaxime/Amoxicillin/Gentamicin (73%). Conclusion The audit identified following areas for improvement: · documentation of perinatal events, · performing vital investigations like CSF and urine culture before starting antibiotics and ensuring strict aseptic technique in blood and CSF culture.