Sensitivity Of Sputum Cytology Research Articles

Sensitivity and Specificity Sputum Cytology Examination to Histopathology Examination of Lung Malignancy Suspect Patient in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang

Introduction: Incidence of lung cancer highest in Indonesia and the fifth most abundant in female after breast cancer. Lung cancer is first cause of cancer related mortality in male (21.8%) and second cause of cancer related mortality in female (9.1%) after breast cancer (21.4%). The result of study in 100 hospitals in Jakarta showed that lung cancer was the most abundant in male and forth in female. The sputum cytology in lung cancer is an initial examination for diagnosis. The sputum cytology examination is a simple, accurate, cheap and non-invasive for initial diagnosis of lung disease including lung cancer.
 Methods: This study targeted lung malignancy suspect patient with sputum cytology examination in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang. The inclusion criteria were patients who will have a surgery and histopathology examination, patient >17 years old, patient that willingly take part in this research. The exclusion criteria were patient with sputum that can’t be retrieved. This study was using Cross Sectional method. The measurement of sensitivity and specificity of sputum cytology to histopathology examination calculated with Thornier-Remain formula.
 Results: The lung cancer patient found most in category of > 40 years (63.6%), male and smoking (77.3%). The sputum cytology’s result highest in non-malignancy (86.4%) and the histopathology examination’s result highest in malignancy (72.7%). Sensitivity of sputum cytology in this study is 28.75% and the specificity 100%
 Conclusion: The sensitivity of sputum cytology in 28.75% shown accuracy of sputum cytology method and specificity in 100% shown how often the sputum cytology method diagnoses the malignancy

DNA Replication Licensing Proteins for Early Detection of Lung Cancer

Background:To identify and characterize malignant and premalignant cells in sputum and matched tissue samples with reference to expression of minichromosome maintenance proteins (MCM2, MCM5) and cell division cycle protein 6 (CDC 6) and to assess their potential as biomarkers of premalignant and malignant lesions of the lung and associations with clinicopathological features.Methods:Expression of MCM2, MCM5 and 6 proteins in sputum samples and corresponding tissues was assessed by immunocytochemistry, and correlated with histological findings.Results:For characterization of malignant, metaplastic or dysplastic cells, CDC6 protein had the highest sensitivity of 87.7%. All the three markers together had a sensitivity of 94.4%. Furthermore these proteins could be employed to assess the proliferative potential of precancerous or atypical cells, as overexpression increasing with the stage of disease and degree of metastasis.Conclusion:The assessed markers can be utilized in routine cytopathology laboratories to supplement conventional morphological evaluation so that the sensitivity of sputum cytology can be enhanced. Potential applications in predicting the clinical behavior of lung lesions and predicting prognosis and survival deserve further attention.

Analysis of sensitivity and specificity of sputum cytology screening for lung cancer with different positive criteria

To discuss the effect of different positive criteria on the sensitivity and specificity of sputum cytology screening for lung cancer among Yunnan tin miners. 9223 Yunnan tin miners who received at least one annual sputum cytology screening for lung cancer during the period between 1992 and 1999 were recruited in the study. At time of enrollment, all participants were aged over 40 years old, had at least 10 years of employment as an underground miner and(or) smelter, and had not been diagnosed with malignancy. In our study, a true positive was categorized as having at least one prior positive sputum screening and a diagnosis of lung cancer, while a true negative, by our definition, signified negative sputum examinations and no diagnosis of lung cancer during the follow up time. Based on different positive criteria, sensitivity and specificity of sputum cytology were computed and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted. Z statistic was used to test the differences of the area under ROC based on Hanley and McNeil method. By the end of following up on December 31, 2001, a total 500 lung cancer cases were diagnosed among 9223 participants: most were squamous cell carcinoma (55.8% (222/398)) and central lung cancers (68.5% (316/461)). 150 lung cancer cases had a previous positive sputum screening result. When positive criteria were taken as grave atypical metaplasia, moderate atypical metaplasia and slight atypical metaplasia, the corresponding sensitivities were 30.0% (150/500), 36.4% (182/500), 53.0% (265/500) respectively; while the corresponding specificities were 98.9% (8628/8723), 95.1% (8611/8723), 77.9% (7033/8723) respectively. The areas under ROC curve according to different positive criterias were 0.645 (95%CI: 0.635 - 0.654), 0.657 (95%CI: 0.668 - 0.667), 0.655 (95%CI: 0.645 - 0.664) respectively. There were no significant differences found in the comparisons between grave and moderate atypical metaplasia, grave and slight atypical metaplasia, moderate and slight atypical metaplasia(Z statistics were 0.780, 0.645, 0.209 respectively, all P values > 0.05). While the standard of positive criteria for diagnosis of lung cancer decreased, the sensitivity of sputum cytology screening increased and the specificity decreased. Since there were no significant differences of accuracy for different positive criteria.

Sputum cytology examination followed by autofluorescence bronchoscopy: A practical way of identifying early stage lung cancer in central airway

Background The prognosis of early stage lung cancer was superior to that of late stages. We hypothesize that by using sputum cytology as the first screening method followed by autofluorescence bronchoscopy could detect early stage lung cancer in the central airway. Methods During 18-month recruitment period, subjects at high risk for lung cancer (ever smoker accumulated more than 20 pack-year and above 40 years) followed up at Chest Clinics were invited to submit sputum for cytological examination. Subjects with sputum atypia were invited to have bronchoscopy, and CT thorax. After a mean follow-up of 39 ± 14 months, the characteristics of lung cancers detected in the group with sputum atypia and the group with normal sputum at baseline were assessed. Results 181 subjects submitted sputum and primary lung cancer were diagnosed in 13. 46.2% of the lung cancers were in early stages. Bronchoscopy were performed in 85, and seven were confirmed to have lung cancer (six were in early stages). 81 had CT done and 92.6% had radiological abnormalities, though three lung cancers (all stage 0) were missed by CT. Five more primary lung cancers were diagnosed during the follow-up period: one in sputum atypia group and the other four (three were advanced adenocarcinoma) in normal sputum group. The overall sensitivity of sputum cytology in detecting lung cancer was 71.4% for all histology and 100% for squamous cell lung cancer. Conclusions Sputum cytology examination followed by bronchoscopy was a practical way of detecting early stage lung cancer in central airway.

Sputum cytology: a limited role.

AIMS: To determine the cost and sensitivity of sputum cytology in routine use and to determine when sputum cytology is most appropriate. METHODS: A retrospective study, based on all sputum...