Sensitive Detection Of Glutathione Research Articles

Oxygen vacancy and heterojunction co-boosted peroxidase-like activity of KV6O15/V2O5 nanoribbons for the colorimetric detection of glutathione

Due to the high costs and relative instability of natural enzymes, there is a growing interest in the strategic design of highly efficient nanozymes. In this study, a novel hybrid nanozyme consisting of KV6O15/V2O5 nanoribbons was explored using an MXene-derived potassiation-oxidation method. The KV6O15/V2O5 NRs exhibited ultrahigh peroxidase-like activity in the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine, attributed to the coexistence of oxygen vacancies and heterojunctions that facilitated the generation of ·OH radicals from H2O2 and optimized electron transfer efficiency. A colorimetric assay based on KV6O15/V2O5 nanoribbons was developed for the rapid and sensitive detection of glutathione. The assay demonstrated a linear detection range of 0.1 to 35 μM and a low detection limit of 38.8 nM. Importantly, when applied to the analysis of glutathione in human serum samples, the sensor produced satisfactory results with recoveries ranging from 90.17 % to 108.87 % and low relative standard deviations between 0.31 % and 0.64 %. To validate practicality, we constructed a visual paper sensor, affirming the utility of this assay for the sensing of glutathione.

Enhancing the peroxidase-like activity of MoS2-based nanozymes by introducing attapulgite for antibacterial application and sensitive detection of glutathione

Enhancing the peroxidase-like activity of MoS2-based nanozymes by introducing attapulgite for antibacterial application and sensitive detection of glutathione

Lanthanide coordination polymers@CuO nanoparticles: Enhanced self-cascade nanoenzyme activity and ratiometric fluorescence assay of glutathione

Tandem enzyme can catalyze some cascade reactions with high efficiency, and some few tandem enzyme-like mimics have been discovered recently. Further improving the catalytic efficiency of tandem nanoenzymes with facile method may undoubtedly promote and broaden their applications in various fields. In this work, cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) with dual-functional enzyme mimics were synthesized using the rapid deposition method in advance, which simultaneously combined with lanthanide infinite coordination polymers (Ln ICPs) during the self-assemble of Tb3+, guanine-5′-triphosphate (GTP) and auxiliary ligand terephthalic acid (TA). Excitingly, the obtained Tb-GTP/TA@CuO ICPs, not only displayed obviously enhanced tandem catalytic activity compared with pure CuO NPs, but also provided a versatile ratiometric platform for ultrahigh selective and sensitive detection of glutathione (GSH) under single-wavelength excitation. A good linear relationship between the ratio signal and the GSH concentration was spanning from 0.001 to 20 μM with an impressive detection limit of 0.50 nM. This study opens a new and universal avenue for preparing integrated multifunctional probes by coupling of nanoenzyme catalytic activity with superior luminescent Ln ICPs through facile method.

ZnS/MnO2 metal organic framework based conductive hydrogel for highly selective and sensitive detection of glutathione in serum samples

Glutathione (GSH) is a vital natural antioxidant that plays a central role in protecting cells from toxins and free radicals. This work reports the synthesis of a novel ZnS/MnO2 – metal organic framework hydrogel (MOF-HG) via a lyophilization process for the highly sensitive and selective detection of GSH in stimulated blood serum. The hydrogel is synthesized by crosslinking ZnS/MnO2 – MOF with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and nafion (5 % solution). The hydrogel exhibits high porosity, resulting in a large surface area for enhanced electron transport, excellent electrical conductivity, sample absorption, and oxygen and sulphur vacancies that offer electro-oxidation of glutathione (GSH). Morphological and structural analysis of the hydrogel shows uniform porosity and a cubic structure for the ZnS/MnO2 - MOF, which are evenly distributed on the hydrogel surface. For the detection of glutathione (GSH), the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique is used, showcasing a linear detection range of 10 nM to 10 mM, high sensitivity of 8.45 µA.nM−1.cm−2 and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 6.88 nM (=3S/m), making it highly effective for physiological GSH sensing. One of the key advantages of the substrate is its exceptional selectivity for GSH, even in the presence of a 2-fold concentration of interfering substances such as ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA), Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, K+, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and glucose (GLU). In real samples, the sensor displays significant recovery percentages of 92.59 %, 101.00 %, and 120.22 %, further confirming the reliability and effectiveness of the developed sensor in detecting glutathione.

Ultrasensitive and Selective Detection of Glutathione by Ammonium Carbamate-Gold Platinum Nanoparticles-Based Electrochemical Sensor.

Determining the concentration of glutathione is crucial for developing workable medical diagnostic strategies. In this paper, we developed an electrochemical sensor by electrodepositing amino-based reactive groups and gold–platinum nanomaterials on the surface of glassy carbon electrode successively. The sensor was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS). Results showed that Au@Pt nanoparticles with the size of 20–40 nm were presented on the surface of electrode. The sensor exhibits excellent electrocatalytic oxidation towards glutathione. Based on this, we devised an electrochemical biosensor for rapid and sensitive detection of glutathione. After optimizing experimental and operational conditions, a linear response for the concentration of GSH, in the range of 0.1–11 μmol/L, with low detection and quantification limits of 0.051 μM (S/N = 3), were obtained. The sensor also exhibits superior selectivity, reproducibility, low cost, as well as simple preparation and can be applied in human serum sample detection.

Sensitive detection of glutathione through inhibiting quenching of copper nanoclusters fluorescence

A method for a sensitive fluorescence detection of glutathione was established. Glutathione-stabilized copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) were synthesized via a facile process. These CuNCs showed blue fluorescence with a peak around 450 nm. In the presence of p-benzoquinone (PBQ), the electron transfer from the copper nanoclusters to PBQ quenched the fluorescence of the CuNCs. Glutathione (GSH), as a reducing agent, formed a complex with PBQ. This formation inhibited the quenching from PBQ, and a restored fluorescence was obtained. This interaction provided a fluorescence enhancement for the measurement of GSH. Under the optimal condition, linear responses were obtained toward GSH in the ranges of 0.06–6.0 μM, with a limit of detection at 20 nM. This developed assay was easy in operation with high sensitivity and selectivity. The applicability was approved with successful glutathione measurements in real samples.

Highly selective and sensitive detection of glutathione over cysteine and homocysteine with a turn-on fluorescent biosensor based on cysteamine-stabilized CdTe quantum dots

In this work, cysteamine (CA) stabilized CdTe quantum dots (QDs) (CA-CdTe QDs) and sodium citrate stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were prepared. Because of the strong electrostatic interaction and spectral overlap of emission spectrum of CA-CdTe QDs and absorption spectrum of AuNPs, a highly effective fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) system was formed and the fluorescence of CA-CdTe QDs was strongly quenched. The synthesized CA-CdTe and AuNPs were self-assembled to large clusters due to the electrostatic attraction and the fluorescence of CA-CdTe was sharply quenched as a result of FRET. Under the optimum pH of 5.5, the positive GSH could assemble with negative AuNPs through electrostatic interaction and destroy the FRET system of CA-CdTe and AuNPs, due to the red shift of absorption wavelength of AuNPs caused by aggregation. The fluorescence of CA-CdTe recovered, and the recovered fluorescence efficiency shows a linear function against the GSH concentrations from 6.7 nM to 0.40 μM, with a detecting limit of 3.3 nM. The quenched emission of CA-CdTe could be recovered attributed to the aggregation of AuNPs by GSH. Under optimal conditions, the sensing system was successfully applied in the detection of GSH in real human blood plasma samples with a recovery of 99.5–102.3%, showing a promising future for the highly sensitive and selective GSH detection in the human blood plasma samples.

Improved the specificity of peroxidase-like carbonized polydopamine nanotubes with high nitrogen doping for glutathione detection

The introduction of nitrogen heteroatoms into enzyme-like carbon materials is an effective strategy to enhance both catalytic activity and specificity. Herein, we described the preparation of the carbonized polydopamine nanotubes (C-DPANTs) using sacrificial halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) templates. The resulting nitrogen doped C-PDANTs (N-doped C-PDANTs) exhibit solely the peroxidase-like activity owing to the high N doping. N-doped C-PDANTs could catalyze the reduction of H2O2 to produce OH● radicals, which contributed to the oxidation of 3,3’, 5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrates. Moreover, the catalytic mechanism of N-doped C-PDANTs was further revealed by electrochemical measurements. N-doped C-PDANTs with pyridinic N and graphitic N compositions possess the capability to accelerate the electron transfer, thus facilitating the reduction of H2O2. The application of N-doped C-PDANTs were demonstrated in the sensitive detection of glutathione (GSH) in serum samples. Therefore, the present study provides a facile way to prepared peroxidase-like nanomaterials with high specificity.

Fluorescence Detection of Glutathione Using N-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots–MnO2 Nanoarchitecture

We build a novel fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) method based on N-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs)–MnO2 nanocomposite for rapid, sensitive detection of glutathione (G SH) levels in human serum. In this strategy, MnO2 nanosheets on the NGQDs surface serve as a quencher. NGQDs fluorescence can make a recovery by the addition of GSH, which can reduce MnO2 to Mn2+, and thus the GSH can be monitored. The MnO2 platform affords minimal background and high sensitivity for detecting GSH in this proposed scheme. Meanwhile, relevant fluorescence on–off–on processes were monitored, and the sensing mechanism was explored.

Gold-silver bimetallic nanoclusters with enhanced fluorescence for highly selective and sensitive detection of glutathione

Herein, a sensitive and selective “off-on” fluorescence sensor for the detection of glutathione (GSH) was fabricated based on Au-Ag bimetallic nanoclusters (NCs) with the assistance of persulfate (S2O82−). The as-prepared Au-Ag bimetallic NCs with enhanced fluorescent intensity about 2.7-folds higher than pure Au NCs was performed due to the synergistic effect of two atoms, which can be quenched by the strong oxidant of S2O82− damaging the structure of Au-Ag bimetallic NCs. However, in the presence of GSH, it can react with S2O82− and induce the restoration of fluorescence. Under optimum conditions, the restored fluorescence ratio was linearly with the concentration of GSH in the range of 1–100 μM and 100 μM–10 mM with a limit of detection of 200 nM. Notably, an IMPLICATION logic gate can be constructed based on this detection system. The proposed logical system for GSH detection is simple, highly sensitive and selective, and has the excellent recovery results for GSH detection in human serum, indicating its promising application in integrated biological detection system.

NIR upconversion characteristics of carbon dots for selective detection of glutathione

In the current study, we report the near infrared (NIR) upconversion (in the range of 850–950 nm) properties of carbon nanoparticles and their utility as a fluorescence probe for selective and sensitive detection of glutathione (GSH).

NaYbF4@CaF2 core-satellite upconversion nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis and sensitive detection of glutathione.

A new class of core-satellite upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) formed through a kinetically controlled oriented attachment is presented. The core-satellite UCNPs comprising an optically active α-NaYbF4 core and several CaF2 satellites are synthesized by a one-pot sequential injection technique. Compared to conventional core-shell UCNPs, these core-satellite UCNPs show larger surface-to-volume ratios and are suitable for further surface modifications. As a proof-of-concept, a biosensing system is constructed by coating MnO2 nanosheets on the α-NaYbF4:Tm@CaF2 core-satellite UCNPs for high-sensitivity biothiol detection. These core-satellite UCNPs show great potential in the development of UCNP-based nanohybrids for biosensing, multimodal imaging and drug delivery.

Sonochemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles anchored reduced graphene oxide nanosheets for selective and sensitive detection of glutathione

Developed here an eco-friendly, one-pot approach toward rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles anchored reduced graphene oxide (AgNPs(TMSPED)-rGO) nanosheets via sonochemical irradiation method, using an aqueous solution mixture of GO and AgNO3 in the presence of N-[3(trimethoxysilyl)propyl] ethylenediamine (TMSPED) without any reducing agent. As synthesized decorated nanosheets was thoroughly characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Pristine AgNPs(TMSPED), pristine rGO(TMSPED) and as prepared AgNPs(TMSPED)-rGO materials were employed to modify the glassy carbon (GC) electrode and demonstrated its excellent electrocatalytic activities towards glutathione (GSH). Voltammetry and amperometry measurements were utilized to assess the electrochemical properties towards the glutathione detection. When the Ag nanoparticles were anchored onto the rGO surface, the observed results illustrated that the electrocatalytic properties of rGO might be enhanced. The resulting sensor exhibits excellent repeatability and long-term stability. Furthermore, AgNPs(TMSPED)-rGO/GC electrode able to be employed for the selective determination of GSH in amperometric analysis in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), uric acid (UA) and glucose. Finally, this modified electrode was effectively applied to determine glutathione in real samples with good recoveries.

MnO2 nanosheets as an artificial enzyme to mimic oxidase for rapid and sensitive detection of glutathione

Nanozymes are increasingly used as components in assays and diagnostics. Here, we describe a rapid and highly sensitive colorimetric assay for the detection and quantification of glutathione (GSH) employing MnO2 nanosheets as an artificial oxidase. In the assay pale yellow 3,3´,5,5´-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) is oxidized to a blue product (oxTMB) under catalyzing of MnO2 nanosheets with a significant change in absorption at 650nm. GSH selectively inhibits this reaction with a detection limit of 300nM. The high specificity of inhibition by GSH allows this system to be used to determine the GSH concentrations in human serum samples. The MnO2 nanosheet-based assay is simple, rapid, sensitive and selective for the quantification of GSH and surpasses detection methods based on other MnO2 nanomaterials.

Sensitive detection of glutathione by using DNA-templated copper nanoparticles as electrochemical reporters

Herein, a new electrochemical method for the detection of glutathione (GSH) is proposed with the adoption of DNA-templated copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) as electrochemical reporters. The general sensing concept of the method relies on the strong interaction between GSH and copper ions, which would cause great hindrances to DNA-templated formation of CuNPs on the electrode surface, resulting in decreased electrochemical signals. Experimental results reveal that this method exhibits desirable selectivity and reproducibility, and allows absolute detection of as low as 0.27nM of the target, showing superior sensitivity as compared to previous electrochemical methods. This work may not only provide an effective tool for GSH detection, but also promote the practice of DNA-templated CuNPs in electrochemical biosensing applications, which may be of great attraction in areas ranging from gene analysis, clinical diagnosis and environmental monitoring.

Highly selective and sensitive detection of glutathione using mesoporous silica nanoparticles capped with disulfide-containing oligo(ethylene glycol) chains.

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with safranin O and capped with disulfide-containing oligo(ethylene glycol) chains were used for the selective and sensitive fluorimetric detection of glutathione.

Quantification of glutathione and glutathione disulfide in human plasma and tobacco leaves by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection

A new capillary electrophoresis (CE) method with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection was developed for the rapid separation and sensitive detection of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSH) after derivatization by 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazol (NBD-Cl). The derivatization and separation conditions were investigated in detail and the optimums were obtained. Under the optimum experiment conditions, linear relationships between the peak height and concentrations of the analytes in normal and second-derivative electrophoregrams were obtained (0.22–45.00 μM). The detection limits for glutathione and glutathione disulfide in normal and second-derivative electrophoregrams were 0.046 and 0.012 μM and 0.046 and 0.014 μM, respectively. The method was applied to the analysis of glutathione and glutathione disulfide in human plasma and tobacco leaves with satisfactory results.