Sense Of Dissonance Research Articles

Trisutji Kamal’s Loro Jonggrang: A Cross-Cultural Dissonance

Trisutji Kamal, whose career spanned five decades, was one of the oldest and longest-performing Indonesian female classical composers. Her music is tinged with a unique character, stemming from the way she inserted Javanese nuances into the Western framework of her art. To discuss this musical style, the authors analysed one of her most well-known compositions in the form of an opera, called Loro Jonggrang. The article examines how the two different musical traditions from the West and Java intersect in her music and her cultural subjectivity. The authors argue that what emerges in her music is a sense of dissonance through the use of pseudo pentatonic, two chords, drone, accents, and beats, connecting Trisutji’s music with her cultural background and life history. The authors contend that the dissonant turn and glissando effect of her music comes from the tension between Western musical forms and Javanese intuition. The article contributes to the rare scholarship about female composers in Southeast Asia.

Escaping the Inescapable: Cognitive Dissonance in Ayad Akhtar’s Disgraced (2012)

Ayad Akhtar’s Disgraced (2012) dramatizes the journey of a Muslim Pakistani-American protagonist inside the post-9/11 American society attempting to gain complete fulfillment in it by assimilating to the mainstream culture and turning his back on his Islamic cultural heritage. Through this pursuit, however, he falls prey to a nagging sense of cognitive dissonance, that is to say inconsistency between his behaviour and belief. Superficially, Amir claims a secular American identity, yet deep within he still yearns for his true Islamic Eastern one. Such a sense of dissonance causes a state of psychological discomfort that requires immediate action to reduce it; therefore, the hero resorts to defense mechanisms, denial and rationalization, to get rid of his dualism and its accompanying sense of uneasiness. However, the exaggerated use of these defenses drifts him into a world of illusion in which he imagines himself a full American though in reality he remains a mere ethnic Other. Towards the end of the drama, however, two unexpected incidents violently shake the illusionary world of the protagonist and get his consciousness back to him. This paper critically hypothesizes, then, that Disgraced revolutionizes the consciousness of the audience by removing the masks that blind them to seeing the truth of themselves and their status in the world as they discover through the story of Amir and his self-discovery journey in the United States that the right path towards self-consistency and social fulfilment lies in espousing one’s true identity and cultural heritage rather than assimilating to another alien culture and that one cannot escape one’s true self forever. For critically investigating this thesis, the researcher uses the psychological approach to literature with specific reference to Leon Festinger’s theory of cognitive dissonance. By exploiting this approach, the researcher aims to dig deep inside the psyche of the protagonist to uncover the reasons beyond his choice to conform, the justifications he provides for this decision, and his un/conscious preference for illusion over reality. In other words, the writer attempts to arrive at an understanding of what is going on inside the main character’s mind in his journey of self-discovery.

Research on innovative design of lamp mix-and-match based on “sense of dissonance”

With the development of the times, the lamp design bring forth the new through the old every year. “Sense of dissonance” is mentioned in the book of DaiSato, but the reason for its formation is not explored in depth. Based on the induction and analysis of DaiSato’s related works, this paper defines the “sense of dissonance”, and studies the design trend of the lamps in the Milan design exhibition as the research object, so as to conclude that the main reasons for the “sense of dissonance” come from the mixing of materials, modelling, usage and experience. The design process of light fixture mix and match based on “sense of dissonance” is divided into the following four steps: defining the design content of “sense of dissonance”, determining the narrative design theme, determining the style, and completing the modelling. Following this step, a lamp design for «over the rainbow» is completed.

The Unanticipated Consequences of Purposive Political Action

526 Review Essays and Institutional Contradictions.’’ In The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Haedicke, Michael A. 2016. Organizing Organic: Conflict and Compromise in an Emerging Market. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Krippner, Greta R. 2007. ‘‘The Making of U.S. Monetary Policy: Central Bank Transparency and the Neoliberal Dilemma.’’ Theory and Soci- ety 36(6):477–513. Lamont, Miche`le. 2012. ‘‘Toward a Comparative Sociology of Valuation and Evaluation.’’ Annual Review of Sociology 38(1):201–221. doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-070308-120022. Lamont, Miche`le, Jessica S. Welburn, and Crystal M. Fleming. 2016. ‘‘Responses to Discrimina- tion and Social Resilience Under Neoliberal- ism.’’ Pp. 143–76 in New Perspectives on Resilience in Socio-Economic Spheres, edited by A. Maurer. Wiesbaden: Springer Fach- medien Wiesbaden. doi:10.1007/978-3-658- Meyer, John W., and Brian Rowan. 1977. ‘‘Institu- tionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony.’’ American Journal of Soci- ology 83(2):340–63. doi:10.1086/226550. Murray, Fiona. 2010. ‘‘The Oncomouse That Roared: Hybrid Exchange Strategies as a Source of Distinction at the Boundary of Overlapping Institutions.’’ American Journal of Sociology 116(2):341–88. doi:10.1086/653599. Stark, David. 2011. The Sense of Dissonance: Accounts of Worth in Economic Life. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. The´venot, Laurent. 2015. ‘‘Certifying the World: Power Infrastructures and Practices in Econo- mies of Conventional Forms.’’ Pp. 195–226 in Re-Imagining Economic Sociology, edited by P. Aspers and N. Dodd. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Weber, Max, Guenther Roth, and Claus Wittich. 1978. Economy and Society: An Outline of Inter- pretive Sociology. Berkeley: University of Cali- fornia Press. The Unanticipated Consequences of Purposive Political Action H EATHER A. H AVEMAN University of California-Berkeley haveman@berkeley.edu We all know about the very physical legacy of Franklin Roosevelt’s Works Progress Administration (WPA): Dealey Plaza in Dallas, the Fort Peck dam in Montana, LaGuardia Airport in New York City, Griffith Observatory in Los Angeles, the Merritt Parkway in Connecticut, Midway Airport in Chicago, the River Walk in San Antonio, and over 100,000 roads and bridges, water- works, schools, libraries, hospitals, post offices, dormitories, auditoriums, stadiums, and recreational facilities in towns and cities across the nation. But most of us don’t know about the cultural legacy: the American Guides, a series of travel-cum-local-color books, one for each state, penned by unem- ployed writers around the country. It is this cultural legacy that Wendy Griswold investi- gates in American Guides: The Federal Writers’ Project and the Casting of American Culture. The arts project was the first one proposed by the WPA. It focused on finding employ- ment for creative people in four fields: art, music, drama, and writing. In the face of intense criticism and contestation among Contemporary Sociology 46, 5 American Guides: The Federal Writers’ Project and the Casting of American Culture, by Wendy Griswold. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2016. 361 pp. $35.00 paper. ISBN: 9780226357836. writers’ associations, the architects of the WPA’s writers’ project chose a seemingly innocuous task for writers to tackle: develop travel guides to the 48 states, two territories (Alaska and Puerto Rico), and several cities. To explain how this came about, Griswold guides us through a history of the WPA, put- ting it in context with other state and federal relief programs, and then dissects the seven- year (1936 to 1943) life of the writers’ project in particular. To ground these developments in their cultural context, she tours the history of guidebooks, starting with antiquity and continuing up to the twentieth century. She next explores the history of travel, tourism, and vacations.

Making news of value: exploiting dissonances in economic journalism

ABSTRACTThis article explores the multiple modes of valuation that pervade newsmaking in economic journalism. It does so by exploring the different ways in which journalists at Valor Econômico, the leading economic newspaper in Brazil, compete and cooperate in the production of news. Valor is a paradigmatic case for discussing valuation practices in newsmaking since its institutional promise is to produce news of value. How, if at all, do Valor journalists embrace the promise of producing news that generates value? Elaborating on Stark’s (2009. The sense of dissonance. Accounts of worth in economic life. Princeton University Press) idea of dissonance, it is contended that different orders of worth collide and cooperate within Valor newsroom. Moreover, journalists engage in a variety of valuation practices through which these orders of worth are shaped, defined, and refined, reflecting different understandings of economy and society, and different conceptions of what journalism is good for. I argue that Valor’s direction intentionally fosters a plural space of value dissonance in order to improve the quality of news reporting. I emphasise, however, that these dissonances are only productive against a larger background of consonance about what actually there is to disagree about. The article is based on a seven-month ethnography of Valor’s newsroom in São Paulo between 2013 and 2015.

Editorial: Harm‐free care or harm‐free environments: expanding our definitions and understandings of safety in health care

Editorial: Harm‐free care or harm‐free environments: expanding our definitions and understandings of safety in health care

Market innovation as framing, productive friction and bricolage: an exploration of the personal data market

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the possibilities offered by recent Science and Technology Studies (STS) research on markets for engaging with market innovation. Although there exist few reflections on how innovation happens in markets, market innovation has not been singularly theorized in STS-inspired market studies. In this paper, we explore the potential analytic utility of different sets of ideas in the field of market studies, such as ‘framing’ [Callon, M. (1998) ‘Introduction: the embeddedness of economic markets in economics’, in The Laws of Markets, ed. M. Callon, Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 1–57; Callon, M. (2007) ‘An essay on the growing contribution of economic markets to the proliferation of the social’, Theory, Culture & Society, vol. 24, no. 7–8, pp. 136–163], ‘productive friction’ [Stark, D. (2009) The Sense of Dissonance: Accounts of Worth in Economic Life, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ] and ‘bricolage’ [MacKenzie, D. & Pardo-Guerra, J. P. (2014) ‘Insurgent capitalism: Island, bricolage and the re-making of finance’, Economy and Society, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 153–182]. Drawing on our research into the online personal data industry and start-ups developing personal data control products, we put together five sensibilities that we think are of use for broader considerations of market innovation.

Dissonance for understanding: Exploring a new theoretical lens for understanding teacher identity formation in borderlands of practice

Borderlands of practice are spaces where teachers are engaged in negotiating multiple conceptions of “best practices” within their daily teaching practice. Teachers at work in borderlands must actively negotiate varied conceptions, expectations, and assumptions about what is “best” for their students. These conceptions often challenge teacher professional knowledge and can result in a sense of dissonance about how to best meet the needs of students. Using a case study of one veteran teacher’s sense-making processes in her first year of teaching pre-Kindergarten, this article explores how a theoretical lens of dissonance might help researchers and teacher educators to better understand and support teacher identity formation in borderlands of practice.

Resilience in nurses: an integrative review.

To describe nursing research that has been conducted to understand the phenomenon of resilience in nurses. Resilience is the ability to bounce back or cope successfully despite adverse circumstances. Nurses deal with modern-day problems that affect their abilities to remain resilient. Nursing administrators/managers need to look for solutions not only to recruit nurses, but to become knowledgeable about how to support and retain nurses. A comprehensive search was undertaken for nursing research conducted between 1990 and 2011. Key search terms were nurse, resilience, resiliency and resilient. Whittemore and Knafl's integrative approach was used to conduct the methodological review. Challenging workplaces, psychological emptiness, diminishing inner balance and a sense of dissonance are contributing factors for resilience. Examples of intrapersonal characteristics include hope, self-efficacy and coping. Cognitive reframing, toughening up, grounding connections, work-life balance and reconciliation are resilience building strategies. This review provides information about the concept of resilience. Becoming aware of contributing factors to the need for resilience and successful strategies to build resilience can help in recruiting and retaining nurses. Understanding the concept of resilience can assist in providing support and developing programmes to help nurses become and stay resilient.

General Practitioner Management of Depression

Understanding how primary care clinicians manage depression is a key backdrop to current and future initiatives to improve detection and treatment of depression. We systematically reviewed, identified, and extracted findings from 13 qualitative studies that examined general practitioner (GP) management of depression. We assessed articles for quality using Critical Appraisal Skills Program guidelines for assessing qualitative research but did not exclude any articles based on quality. We carried out a thematic analysis for systematic review of qualitative research in which we identified four main themes with various subthemes: "negotiating the nature of depression," "detect and diagnose," "interventions," and "burden." The results of the analysis illuminate the complex dilemma faced by GPs in managing depression, which appears to be characterized by a sense of dissonance between the medicalization of depression and a sense of its social determinants.

David Stark, 2009, The sense of dissonance. Accounts of worth in economic life, Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press

At first glance, economic sociologists and evolutionary economists should have a lot to offer to each other. Both departed from mainstream economics embracing bounded rationality, heterogeneity of firms, endogenous preferences, imperfect markets, and last but not least institutions. Nevertheless, intellectual exchange between the two fields has been rare, and mostly concentrated on the specific sub-field of organizational ecology (as it is called in economic sociology) viz. industrial dynamics (as it is known in evolutionary economics). After reading the book by Stark, I understood better why these fields have seen so little crossovers. As Stark explains at length in chapter 1 and chapter 5, economic sociologists have carefully avoided the explananda of mainstream economists hereby creating a stable mode of peaceful co-existence. In particular, while economic sociologists would emphasize the role of social values in economic behavior and institutions, they left the explanation of value as expressed in prices and profits entirely to economists. Evolutionary economists choose an opposite route. From its start (Nelson and Winter 1982), its ambitious aim was to change mainstream economic theory altogether by providing an alternative theory based on different assumptions and mechanisms, particularly in the fields of the theory of the firm, industrial organization and economic growth. A growing number of economic sociologists argue that their discipline should no longer shy away from questions of economic value. In doing so,

NO TITLE AVAILABLE

NO TITLE AVAILABLE

The Sense of Dissonance: Accounts of Worth in Economic Life

The Sense of Dissonance: Accounts of Worth in Economic Life

Productive Ambiguity

David Stark’s new book, The Sense of Dissonance (2009), takes as its task tackling of the seemingly perplexing question of how certain organizations can benefit from confusing, ambiguous situations; how they can capitalize on ambiguity through transforming dissonance into a special kind of asset (asset ambiguity). Organizations based on a multiplicity of values (diversity) produce dissonance; that is, a permanent ambiguity in the fields of (e)valuation, judgments and performance criteria. Despite all difficulties and misunderstandings, economically speaking, ambiguity seems to be highly productive: the organization of dissonance plays a crucial role in developing profitable working methods and ensuring survival on the market.

I’m a young student, I’m a girl … and for some reason they are hard on me for smoking: The role of gender and social context for smoking behaviour

Despite considerable population declines, smoking has become increasingly socially stratified, a trend that emerges as salient when examining smoking according to gender. However, there is a dearth of comparative research with regard to smoking inequalities among men and women. The goal of this exploratory study was to examine how three elements of the social context (identity, body, agency) are gendered and the way in which they differentially shape men's and women's smoking practices. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 23 adult smokers living in Toronto and Montréal, Canada stratified by socio-economic position and gender. Our results show that: (1) women express considerable dissonance between gender identities and smoking behaviour, whereas men's gender identities seem to reinforce smoking behaviour; (2) women's smoking was tied to gendered representations of the body, with the fear of weight gain factoring into their smoking maintenance, whereas concern about the body was absent among men; (3) women suggested wanting, but not having agency over their smoking behaviour while men suggested having agency but little urgency to quit smoking. Our exploratory study points to the possibility that gender remains important for shaping smoking practices among adult smokers and that smoking among some women may be characterised by a greater sense of dissonance and tension than among some men. Addressing gender inequalities in the health discourse surrounding smoking may help reduce the current gender disparities in smoking patterns.

David Stark, with Daniel Beunza, Monique Girard, and János Lukács: The Sense of Dissonance: Accounts of Worth in Economic Life.

David Stark, with Daniel Beunza, Monique Girard, and János Lukács: The Sense of Dissonance: Accounts of Worth in Economic Life.

La Femme chez Heinrich Heine et Charles Baudelaire: Le langage moderne de l'amour by Sophie Boyer

MLR, 10I.4, 2oo6 I079 La Femme chez Heinrich Heine et Charles Baudelaire: le langage moderne de l'amour. By SOPHIE BOYER. (Allemagne d'hier et d'aujourd'hui) Paris: L'Harmattan. 2004. xi+322pp. ?29. ISBN 2-7475-7822-4. Comparisons of Heine and Baudelaire are not entirely new terrain: the first to iden tify parallels between the two poets was Baudelaire himself, in an unfinished draft letter to Jules Janin in the I86os, defending Heine against the critic's denunciation and aligning himself with Heine's aesthetic, characterized in Baudelaire's eyes by sadness, irony, dissonance, pain, a longing for death, and a sense of decadence. Sub sequent commentators, including Walter Benjamin, Kurt Weinberg, Oliver Boeck, Gert Sautermeister, and Dolf Oehler, have also established comparisons between the two. Sophie Boyer acknowledges and evaluates these contributions, crediting Oehler in particular with revealing the political and historical underpinnings of the anti bourgeois aesthetic shared by Heine and Baudelaire among others. Boyer's study is, however, the first to compare in detail the representations of women, and in particular of the female body, in their poetry and other writings. Her main objective is not to establish or explore the influence of the German poet on his French counterpart, although she does suggest that Baudelaire's 'discours amoureux' originates inHeine; nor is it to reduce their representations of women to themisogyny undoubtedly pre sent in them. Rather, it is to analyse their perspectives to see what they can reveal about contemporary masculine attitudes in all their complexity. The extent towhich these texts can be deemed representative of contemporary attitudes is not made clear, if indeed it ever could be, but Boyer succeeds in identifying in both poets an ideal of beauty associated with melancholy and a discourse on love characteristic of the aesthetic of modernity, inwhich the subject's encounter with the other ismarked by a sense of dissonance rather than harmony. The author is persuasive when engaging directly with the texts and when confronting Heine and Baudelaire. Less well inte grated are the occasional unnecessarily lengthy discussions of thewritings of-among others-Octavio Paz, Sigmund Freud, Jean Baudrillard, and Benjamin, which tend to divert attention from the task at hand (perhaps most strikingly at the very beginning of the avant-propos, where a two-page discussion of Paz's The Double Flame precedes any clarification of its relevance to either Heine or Baudelaire). When eventually the author returns to the poets, the point of her excursions usually becomes clear, al though some readers might prefer concision and more signposting, especially in the case of the occasional sudden shift from, say, apsychoanalytical mode to socio-political questions. There are chapters on Baudelaire's comments on Heine; on the themes of melancholy and pain; on images of the prostitute and the metropolis; on the connec tions established between women, death, and illness; and on woman as sphinx and woman as statue. They lead to a final chapter inwhich the representation of women in relation to revolutionary politics isbrought to the fore. The author's description of this closing chapter as being 'en guise de conclusion' is symptomatic of what might be seen as a lack of overall coherence in the work: individually, Boyer's points are often illuminating, but they represent a varied series of insights into the complex ways in which the two poets represented women rather than elements of a sustained and cohe sive argument. Boyer's is a significant contribution to the comparative study of Heine and Baudelaire; however, there remains significant scope for further work, notably from the feminist critical perspectives sometimes rather summarily dismissed here. UNIVERSITYOFLEEDS PAULROWE ...

See You When We Get Home

More than a year ago, the California-based artist Martin Gantman began gathering tourist postcards of the greater Los Angeles area. On these postcards—of the Los Angeles skyline, the auto ferry at Newport Beach, the Los Angeles Airport, and other familiar sites and attractions—he wrote travel greetings to friends and colleagues as if penned from different parts of the world. The short messages offer personal accounts, descriptions of places visited or journeys anticipated, of meals taken and conversations shared in Singapore, French Guiana, or Bahrain. Whether breezy or reflective, the handwritten narratives appear, at first glance, to have a connection to the festive, familiar image on the front of the card. But a palpable sense of dissonance develops as images of home and tales of travel drift and diverge. Has an excursion been undertaken or are these notes entirely apocryphal? What does it mean to leave home? And what does a return—from somewhere or nowhere—enable us to see afresh? See you when we get home is a meditation on place, both its comforting familiarities and invasive dislocations. These ordinary, flashy postcards poignantly elicit the expectation and longing of inhabiting parts of the world that are, as Gantman says, “at once material and illusory.”

"When Blood is their Argument": Class, Character, and Historymaking in Shakespeare's and Branagh's Henry V

“When Blood is their Argument”: Class, Character, and Historymaking in Shakespeare’s and Branagh’s Henry V Robert Lane That [these events] had a real truth in history, sharpens the sense of pain, while it hangs a leaden weight on the heart and the imagination ... [W]e think that the actual truth of the particular events, in proportion as we are conscious of it, is a drawback on the pleasures as well as the dignity of tragedy. — William Hazlitt 1 Premised on the antagonism between history’s “real ground” and the imaginative pleasures of tragedy, Hazlitt’s meditation reveals a tension that underlies much discussion of Shakespeare’s history plays. Hazlitt’s polarizing of history and pleasure is echoed in Shakespeare’s Henry V when the Archbishop extols Henry’s rhetorical gifts: List his discourse of war, and you shall hear A fearful battle rend’red you in music. (1.1.43–44) 2 The pleasures Canterbury indicates rhetoric can induce by transforming gruesome historical events becomes in Hazlitt the balm for “the sense of pain” endured in grappling with the “actual truth” of history: “All the beauties of language and all the richness of the imagination... relieve the painfulness of the subject.” However seductive, the invitation to modulate this play’s history into delight may not be so easily accomplished, history comprising as it does, in Annabel Patterson’s words, “both [the play’s] content and its context.” 3 The impulse, however, testifies to that history’s fragility, the recurring need to recapture the matrix of sociopolitical dynamics, especially those of class, that are integral to the drama’s significance. The commoners in the play are pivotal in this regard. As the king’s interlocutors (4.1) they articulate a probing skepticism that exposes the evasions required to dampen the class resentment war incites. In doing so, they crystallize important political problems from the play’s present (the late 1590s) that were constituents of the government’s military policy. They also provide disturbing reminders of Henry’s own seemingly irrepressible past. Finally, [End Page 27] these figures prompt us to take seriously the Archbishop’s injunction — “List his discourse of war” — to examine the rhetoric surrounding Henry’s military enterprise, disrupting it as they do by the clash of styles and perspectives they inject. The sense of dissonance and unease evoked in all these ways contravenes the pleasure offered by Henry’s “sweet and honeyed sentences” (1.1.50), inhibiting the audience from taking that language at face value. 4 Instead, the play sets in motion what Bakhtin called “unresolvable dialogues” over the meaning to be given to Henry’s martial enterprise. 5 In an audience constantly exhorted by the Chorus to exercise its intelligence on the performance, those dialogues prompt critical reflection on war as well as on the character of political leadership incident to it — “confining mighty men,” as it were, “in little room” (Epi. 3). To sharpen the sense of how differently Shakespeare’s play registers when its history is muted I will examine Kenneth Branagh’s movie Henry V, both because it is the best-known contemporary interpretation of Shakespeare and because it puts into cinematic practice one contemporary critical perspective on the playwright’s work. Through his own act of history-making — the re-shaping of Shakespeare’s text — Branagh alleviates the discordance the original play enacts, replacing the “irrevocable ills” of its history (Hazlitt’s phrase) with a reassuring confirmation of Henry and his military exploits. “SUBJECT TO THE BREATH” OF SUBJECTS When in 2 Henry IV the new king rejects Falstaff, he acts on the expectation that segregation will protect him from the contamination of disreputability (“I banish thee... Not to come near our person by ten mile” [5.5.63, 65]). Henry’s position as monarch depends upon the social distance, imaged here as geographical distance, between him and the commoners who were once his compatriots. His relationship to them encapsulates dynamics of solidarity and difference that, while personal to Henry, also characterize class interaction in Elizabethan society. These dynamics come to the fore in Henry’s confrontation with the soldiers in Henry V 4.1, where Shakespeare (who may well...