Sense Of Closure Research Articles

Number of palliative care nurse home visits and duration of palliative care associated with domains of the Good Death Inventory: A national survey of bereaved family caregivers in a middle income country

BackgroundIn the lower-middle-income country of Kazakhstan, palliative care services are in the early stages of integration into healthcare services. No prior studies have investigated associations between palliative care service factors and a good death in lower-middle-income countries, nor explored how palliative care nurses contribute to a good death. In this paper, a good death is referred to as the control of pain and symptoms, clear decision-making, a sense of closure, being recognized and perceived as an individual, preparation for death, and still being able to contribute to others, all taken together. ObjectivesTo identify new opportunities for palliative care service nurses by investigating associations between palliative care service factors and a good death, as measured by the Good Death Inventory. MethodsFamily caretakers of deceased patients from palliative care units and hospices were surveyed across six different regions of Kazakhstan. Data collected included demographics for patients and caregivers, palliative care service data, and Good Death Inventory items. Poisson regression analysis with r variance and linear regressions were conducted to identify determinants for achieving a Good Death and for the 18 Good Death Inventory domains. ResultsTwo hundred and eleven family caregivers participated in the survey. Bivariate analysis revealed five statistically significant associations (p ≤ 0.05) with the outcome of a good death. In multivariate linear regression analyses, a palliative care duration of greater-than-6-months, compared to less-than-1-month, was associated with improvements in 10 out of 18 domains of the Good Death Inventory (p ≤ 0.05). More-than-once-weekly palliative care home visits by nurses, compared to no visits, were also associated with improvements in four domains (p ≤ 0.05). ConclusionWe provide new directions for improvements in palliative care services in low-middle-income countries, giving impetus for resource allocation to palliative care home visits by nurses for achieving a good death for greater numbers of patients.

The End of Sophocles’ Philoctetes and the Significance of ΓΝΩΜΗ

In this article, I argue for Sophocles’ dramatic use of γνώμη-language at the end of his Philoctetes. Through a thorough analysis of the phrase γνώμη … φίλων at l. 1467, I demonstrate how Sophocles drew on the contemporary resonances of γνώμη in Athenian legal contexts to make the play’s final scene rich and complex. In addition, the tension between the mortal and divine worlds, which is a recurrent theme in the play, is mirrored in the expression γνώμη … φίλων, which is sandwiched between Μοῖρα and πανδαμάτωρ δαίμων at ll. 1466-1468. Both points add to our understanding of how the sense of closure is achieved at the end of the play.

취약지역생활 여건개조 사업현황과 마을 경관구조의 형태심리학적 연구 - 컨설팅대상 마을을 중심으로 -

The purpose of this study is to rediscover the gestalt psychological value of the Landscaping structure and architectural landscape in the vulnerable village consulted by experts in 2021 year. For this study, nine villages called of Saethul Maul were surveyed, and two of them were analyzed for landscape composing of gestalt psychology. The two villages, Yulwon and Jeonchon, included the case where the landscaping structure of residence was viewed from outside the village and the case from within the village. Psychological distance of the villages is analyzed by D/H ratio for the scenery seen from lanes. There are three expected conclusions. First, in terms of gestalt psychology, the buildings mean a figure, and the rice field in front of the village, the mountains behind the village, and the lanes represent a landscape structure consisting a background(ground). It captures the unique landscape aesthetics of the vulnerable village. Second, the landscape seen in the village shows various differences in horizontal distance and vertical height of the lane, so even if the psychological distance gives a sense of closure, it gives a sense of rhythm and change. However, considering the psychological distance (D/H ratio) when the roads are expanded for the fire car, the village landscape can be re-formed by safety and function. Third, the architectural landscape of Yulwon village is characterized by the harmonious arrangement of traditional houses, Narack-Doiji (rice barn), and wooden building (agricultural barn) in the background of chestnut tree hill behind the village. It is necessary to reduce the use of industrial materials and restore the valuable architectural landscape of the vulnerable village.

Evaluation of Spatial Pressure in High Density Residential Areas

It is important to understand how landscape elements affect the spatial oppression of people as high-density areas are increasing due to the limited space availability in cities. Therefore, we carried out a statistical analysis of the questionnaire survey result which was obtained from residents of the high-density areas in Xuzhou, China. From the literature review, we defined 9 landscape elements including the density of buildings in residential areas, duration of sunshine acceptable to residents, the skyline of sight opening, the proportion of the sky in the picture, a sense of closeness between buildings, the sense of distance between buildings, open area, area proportion of green vegetation, and types of green vegetation analysis. We analyzed the correlation and linear relationship of the elements with the spatial oppression of the respondents. The results show that there is no significant positive correlation between the proportion of the sky in the picture and space oppression, but the other 8 elements are significantly correlated with spatial oppression. Especially, the density of buildings in the residential area, the time that residents can accept sunshine, the openness of the skyline of sight, the sense of closure between buildings, the sense of distance between buildings, the open area, the area ratio of green vegetation, the types of green vegetation and spatial oppression are more significant factors to affect spatial oppression.

Today We Walk. Tomorrow We Dance.

Today We Walk. Tomorrow We Dance Allen Callaci Roughly 10 years ago I was helicoptered from my local community hospital to Cedars-Sinai with less than a 25% chance of surviving the brief flight. I left work early, not feeling well that afternoon, and shortly after arriving home, blacked out across my bathroom floor. The heart that had been beating inside me for 40-plus years was in complete collapse. After more than 40 years, it was discovered that the circumflex branch of my left coronary artery had been underdeveloped since birth. My other arteries overcompensated over the ensuing decades, which slowly wore my heart down. I was tired in the years leading up to my transplant but I attached that weariness to my rich and active life, which was filled to the rim with working two jobs, being a grad student and occasionally singing in a rock ’n’ roll band. They say life changes in an instant. Mine changed quicker than that. I left work that afternoon thinking I’d be back in a day or so and catching a Bruce Springsteen concert I had tickets to the following week. Instead I woke up in a hospital bed hooked to oxygen and the symphony of a beeping heart monitor, connected to 27 IVs and two heart assist devices attached to each side of my heart. I woke in a medicated fog with my sister mentioning I was going to be having a heart transplant. I wondered if my situation was real or if I was dreaming and had been swept to a hospital located in Oz. The most positive and painful moments of my recovery and quest to get back home could sometimes be part of the same moment. There were excruciatingly painful moments as I balanced myself on a walker surrounded by a pit crew of nurses helping me balance all the IVs and an oxygen tank. One of the crew followed close behind me with a wheelchair if I should tire on my trek around the nurse’s station and should need a rest. Having not walked in weeks and weeks, each step was excoriatingly painful. My legs felt like a pair of wet flimsy noodles as I stood up for the first [End Page 120] time in a month and a half. My mind knew exactly what it was supposed to do, but the body wasn’t getting the message But as painful as these steps were (and they really were), I saw each step as one step closer to home. The staff at Cedars-Sinai were not just staff taking another patient on a walk—they made me feel like they were my crew with their reassuring and positive attitude as they guided me. I’ll be forever grateful to the nurse who, on one of my first brutally painful walks around the nurse’s station, lightheartedly told me that “today we walk, tomorrow we’ll dance.” I’ve known fewer moments as hopeful, humorous, and humanizing as that one. That mindset transferred onto me as we made our daily walks around the nursing station. Those walks became less and less painful with each passing day. I saw my progress as I graduated from walker, to cane, to being able to walk independently again. I have not stopped thinking of my donor and their family in the years since returning home from Cedars-Sinai, although I only know minimal details about them. I know they were 25 years old and a male. I have reached out to the family with written expressions of my enduring and unending gratitude over the years through the proper channels but have yet to hear back. When I sent out my initial note to the family, I was told that the odds were that I would likely not hear back as it can be an overwhelming emotional experience for donor families to meet the donor. This is more than understandable. My hope is only that my donor family found some small comfort and a sense of closure in my messages. I am often told by others what a journey I have been on. And it has been a journey...

The Future of Progressive Politics in a Post-Fordist World

The Future of Progressive Politics in a Post-Fordist World

How limited consumption experiences affect word of mouth

Providing consumers the opportunity to experience a product on a limited basis is a marketing technique increasingly deployed through distributing trial-sized goods in subscription boxes or by limiting access to intangible offerings like streaming services and apps. Consumers write reviews after limited consumption experiences, and are enticed by brands to do so. The present research shows that limited consumption experiences motivate consumers to spread positive word of mouth, because the sense of closure provided by a limited consumption experience causes consumers to feel more certain of their attitudes.

A ghost in my house

A ghost in my house

Angolan battlefield tourism: Impact on the quality-of-life of South African Defence Force (SADF) veterans

This study sought to determine the tourism travel motives of former South African Defence Force veterans with Angolan civil war battlefield experience . Nine veterans completed qualitative interviews on their travel motives, influences across their life domains, and quality-of-life overall, three months pre- and post the tour . Thematic analysis yielded travel motives of social, camaraderie, and friendship as well as a sense of family belongingness . The veterans reported with a heightened quality-of-life overall from achieving a sense of closure to the battlefield experience events that troubled them for many years . The findings contribute to the knowledge base on the travel motives of military veterans with psychological trauma from historical conflicts, and the psychological recovery they would benefit post-conflict from visiting as tourists.

Últimas palabras en el corredor de la muerte: un análisis fenomenológico

Este artículo presenta un análisis fenomenológico cuyo objetivo es conocer la experiencia de los condenados a muerte a partir de sus últimas palabras. La muestra se compone de 61 transcripciones de las personas ejecutadas por el Estado de Texas entre 2011 y 2017, que fueron analizadas temáticamente. Entre los temas principales se encuentran la expresión de afecto, las creencias religiosas, el arrepentimiento, la aceptación, el agradecimiento y el sentido de cierre. La mayor parte de los temas hallados son de carácter positivo, lo que es coherente con los hallazgos de investigaciones previas. Al ser un método experiencial y descriptivo, la evaluación de la integridad metodológica ofrece escasa dificultad.

Third-Generation Holocaust Narratives: Memory in Memoir and Fiction ed. by Victoria Aarons

Reviewed by: Third-Generation Holocaust Narratives: Memory in Memoir and Fiction ed. by Victoria Aarons Elizabeth Scheiber (bio) Third-Generation Holocaust Narratives: Memory in Memoir and Fiction Edited by Victoria Aarons Victoria Aarons Lexington Books, 2016. xxii + 211 pp. $100.00 hardcover. $44.99 paperback. Third-Generation Holocaust Narratives is a collection of essays by different authors intended primarily for Holocaust scholars interested in critically engaging questions related to, as the title implies, narratives by authors who can be identified as third-generation Holocaust survivors. Typically, third generation refers to the grandchildren of Holocaust survivors, but, as some scholars in the volume point out, such a label is slippery and sets boundaries of identity that are not conducive to critical thinking. The label of “third generation” refers to a distance to the event that leaves a gap in time and/ or geography, and even identifying who constitutes a survivor can be tricky. This volume is not an attempt to settle questions of classification and representation once and for all. Instead, it presents an array of questions for readers to ponder, such as what third-generation writing accomplishes, by what means the authors attempt to understand what is unknowable, and how they foreground their search for the past and lack of ability to bring closure. Editor Victoria Aarons provides a good overview in her introduction entitled “Approaching the Third Generation.” She posits that the third generation inhabits a precarious position between proximity and distance, close enough to survivors but still at a remove from events, so their legacy requires a process of construction and contrived memory since it does not have direct access to the event. While the focus is on what third-generation narratives (both fiction and non-fiction) accomplish, the chapters span many nations, from Europe to North America and South America, and time periods, from the Second World War to the start of the 21st century. The first and final chapter emphasize what fiction accomplishes in this regard. In a journalistic chapter, “A Special Kind of Kinship: On Being a ‘3G’ Writer,” Erika Dreifus makes the point that fiction can bring a sense of interiority about an experience that nonfiction cannot. The volume then concludes with a piece of creative writing inspired by the works of Marcel Proust, “Simon and Mania” by Henri Raczymow, translated by Alan Astro. With its accumulation of memory and detail, it illustrates the way trauma can be experienced at a generational remove. Chapters two and three provide comparisons of second- and third-generation writers. In “Memory’s Afterimage: Post-Holocaust Writing and the Third Generation,” Victoria Aarons proposes that the space the second generation occupies is closer in time and emotion to the event, thus receiving [End Page 230] the uneasy inheritance of the Shoah while the third generation seeks these stories out, attempting a kind of contemporary midrash and merging memory and imagination to form a coherent narrative about the past. In “A Visible Bridge: Contemporary Jewish Fiction and Literary Memorials to the Shoah,” Avinoam Patt examines works by Sara Houghteling, Julie Orringer, Molly Antopol, Boris Fishman, and Daniel Torday, proposing that while the second generation seems to have co-opted the Holocaust in what can at times feel like appropriation, the third generation attempts to create memorials to the event, compelled to tell the “story that remains untold” (43). Chapter four, “Storytelling, Photography, and Mourning in Daniel Mendelsohn’s The Lost” by Paule Lévy, is a scholarly examination of the limits of comprehension in our attempts to recapture the past. Archives are incomplete and photographs cannot capture the essence of a person, and visits to locations such as Auschwitz feel more like attractions or museums. In the end, the seeker realizes that there is no way to arrive at a sense of closure or completeness, and the book becomes a work of mourning, a kaddish to the dead. In chapter five, “Life after Death: A Third-Generation Journey in Jérémie Dres’s We Won’t See Auschwitz,” Alan L. Berger contends that Dres’s graphic novel crosses genres: memoir, sociological inquiry, history lesson, and political primer as it explores post-Holocaust Jewish identity in France and Poland. Chapter...

Does function follow form? Openness and formal association in the early poetry of John Forbes

This article aims to reconstruct features of John Forbes’ compositional process in his first decade of serious practice, through analysing drafts and early versions of his poems. I compare early versions of ‘Here’, ‘The Joyful Mysteries’ and ‘Stalin’sHolidays’ to their final incarnations to show how Forbes was resistant to a fixed, or single, idea when writing a poem. In the context of such openness, Forbes’ poems often moved towards a sense of closure, through the pressure his use of form applied and through its more suggestive qualities. Following a comment Forbes made in an interview, I label this process ‘formal association’. I contend that Forbes sought a balance between closure and openness, while arguing that the dynamic interplay of this openness with formal association, during the composition, was crucial to his achievement.

3189 Transmitting wisdom and enhancing KL2 training through the use of exit presentations

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: -Transmit learning and wisdom from past scholars -Predispose new scholars towards a receptive attitude -Normalize struggle and failure on the road to success -Encourage a community of accomplishment and celebration -Connect the scholar METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The exit presentations were given by NCATS funded junior faculty in the CTSI KL2 Scholars Program who had graduated. All KL2 Scholars take part in the K Scholar Multidisciplinary Seminar Series that meets weekly during the academic calendar. The departed scholars returned for the presentations the following semester. The audience was made up of KL2 who had started with a later cohort, the CTSI KL2 program is a 3-year program, and newly appointed scholars. Scholars were given 12-15 minutes to cover: 1) What was learned, 2) Accomplishments on specific aims, 3) Next steps for project and career, and 4) Recommendations for other scholars. Presentations were collected and reviewed for recurring themes. Themes were grouped and quotes were included to identify nuance. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: From the 17 exit presentations, six themes were identified: 1) Don’t miss the forest for the trees (x10) – “the KL2 program helps to fill in gaps scholars don’t realize they have – it is about more than just the research project, trust in the process and let the program help keep you on track.” 2) Diversify and keep an open mind (x7) – “focus is important but diversifying research and reorganizing priorities is ok.” 3) Don’t be discouraged by failure (x6) –” perseverance is key, all success comes on the heels of many failures.” 4) Importance of building network inside and outside of Scholar program (x6) – “importance of exploring and establishing collaborations” 5) Learn to say no and yes (x5) – “protect your time but be open to opportunities” 6) Seek advice and criticism but don’t follow blindly (x4) DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The use of exit presentations for graduating KL2 Scholars is a useful tool in transmitting wisdom and enhancing subsequent KL2 cohorts. The Scholar’s experience and trajectory, share personal insights and recommendations to help other Scholars get the most out of their KL2 experience, give the community a chance to celebrate the Scholar’s accomplishments, and provide the Scholar with a sense of closure in their KL2 journey. Within the exit presentations, six common themes emerged relating to best practices on making good use of resources and guidance, and learning to interact and navigate within networks and responsibilities in a mature way. Scholars in the audience benefit from hearing the insights and advice from their predecessors. The identification of themes helps the program to understand where it adds value.

The End of History?

The conclusive play of Shakespeare’s English historical sequence ends with the prediction of a revelation of concealed truths and unending peace and plenty. Yet the apocalypse proclaimed by the archbishop of Canterbury in Henry VIII depends on a secular teleology of time highlighting its problematic ambivalence. In all these plays, a persistent expectation is aroused by the notion that English history is directed towards the completion of a process and the revelation of a purpose. Furthermore, the discrepancy between the chronological order of kings and the successive composition of plays suggests a form of determinism at work in history. The assertion of free will articulated by several characters is more often than not belied by the retrospective awareness that human agency was instrumental in achieving a design beyond human control and intelligence. The spectators however are denied access to a genuine apocalypse and a sense of closure. The unsettling end of the sequence of plays is deceptively restorative and Henry VIII, unlike the Book of Revelations, leaves the final outcome of events open. As a result of this inconclusive ending, the indefinitely postponed realization of the prophecy of an imminent end of history and attendant revelation of hidden things is simultaneously endowed with a futuristic and symbolic meaning.

"We Will Show the Country": Bringing History to Life

"We Will Show the Country": Bringing History to Life

Ethical and Intrapsychic Issues in Ending a Practice

Ethical and Intrapsychic Issues in Ending a Practice

Recognizing religion: Politics, history, and the “long 19th century”

Analyses of religion and international politics routinely concern the persistence of religion as a critical element in world affairs. However, they tend to neglect the constitutive interconnections between religion and political life. Consequently, religion is treated as exceptional to mainstream politics. In response, recent works focus on the relational dimensions of religion and international politics. This article advances an “entangled history” approach that emphasizes the constitutive, relational, and historical dimensions of religion — as a practice, discursive formation, and analytical category. It argues that these public dimensions of religion share their conditions of possibility and intelligibility in a political order that crystallized over the long 19th century. The neglect of this period has enabled International Relations to treat religion with a sense of closure at odds with the realities of religious political behavior and how it is understood. Refocusing on religion’s historical entanglements recovers the concept as a means of explaining international relations by “recognizing” how it is constituted as a category of social life. Beyond questions of the religious and political, this article speaks to renewed debates about the role of history in International Relations, proposing entanglement as a productive framing for international politics more generally.

Co-being, A Praxis of the Public: Lessons from Hindu Devotional (Bhakti) Narrative, Arendt, and Gandhi

Most controversies about religious representation enact conceptions of the public that construct boundaries which stridently mark insiders and outsiders, friends and foes, or practice and theory. This article begins with a controversy in California over representations of Hinduism in middle-school textbooks. A legal settlement closed the controversy but brought little sense of closure. Asking more broadly why publics fail, I put together, through deliberate anachronism, elements of a praxis of the public taking from political philosopher Hannah Arendt and bhakti poets of the Hindu tradition from the sixth century to the sixteenth century. This alternative praxis of the public creates “co-being,” a state of society achieved by reimagining how we occupy space, how we own things and ideas, and how we form pacts. Gandhi’s ashram, in concept and practice, exemplifies how an unlikely commonality is a possible one and is in fact the foundation of a meaningful and sustainable public.

DEVELOPMENT OF A LABOUR PAIN ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT

Labour may impose severe pain, yet women experience the intensity of pain differently. The severity of labour pain is frequently underestimated by women and care providers and biases in labour pain estimation are often displayed by maternal care providers. Pain assessment is considered the key to labour pain management and a standardised pain assessment instrument can assist with adequate measurement and management of labour pain. The study conducted a search for pain assessment instruments that could be used to assess and measure pain during the first stage of labour. Although a variety of pain assessment/measurement tools are available, many problems were experienced in applying existing pain assessment methods to a woman in labour. A new labour pain assessment instrument was developed that includes the pain scores of maternal care providers and the woman in labour. This mixed method study described the refinement process of a labour pain assessment instrument that was developed from the literature. The focus group members and Delphi experts expressed their enthusiasm and appraisement for a new labour pain assessment instrument. A sense of closure (saturation) was attained and the experts concluded that the instrument was ready to be tested.

A Sense of Closure.

A Sense of Closure.