Sensation Seeking Research Articles

Predicting Alcohol Use in Undergraduates: Interactions Between Social Anxiety and Impulsivity

Background: Links between social anxiety and risky drinking in college are well documented, but the specifics of this relationship are mixed and likely complex. Impulsivity may play a critical role in enhancing vulnerability for risky drinking in individuals with social anxiety. Objectives: Here we examined how impulsivity moderates the relationship between social anxiety and alcohol use in college students. 515 undergraduates (18–24 years) who endorsed at least moderate levels of alcohol use were included. Participants completed self-report questionnaires to quantify social anxiety, impulsive personality traits, and alcohol use. A series of correlations and stepwise linear regressions were conducted to examine social anxiety, impulsivity, biological sex, and their interactions as predictors of amount of alcohol use. Results: We found that multiple facets of impulsivity moderated the relationship between social anxiety and amount of alcohol use. Social anxiety was associated with more alcohol use in participants with high lack of premeditation, while social anxiety was associated with less alcohol use in participants with low lack of premeditation, low negative urgency, and high sensation seeking. Sex interacted with social anxiety; low levels of impulsivity seemed to be protective. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that social anxiety and certain facets of impulsivity (lack of premeditation, sensation seeking) interact to predict alcohol use in undergraduates. These findings highlight the complex and important relationships between social anxiety, impulsivity, and risky drinking in college students.

Clarifying the importance and moderating roles of temporal self-regulation theory across behaviour types

Objectives The aim of this study was to explore the utility of temporal self-regulation theory across four behaviours differing in complexity and approach or avoidance nature. Specifically, we explored if intention, habit, cues, self-regulation (disorganisation, coping planning, task switching, present orientation, sensation seeking, automaticity, planning and distractibility) and interactions between constructs could account for variance in fruit consumption, unhealthy snacking, walking and recycling. Methods and Measures Two hundred and fifty-four participants completed a two-part online survey measuring theory constructs at time one and behaviours at time two. Data was analysed using hierarchical multiple regression and binary logistic regression analyses. Results Findings partially support the theory with differential importance of constructs across behaviours. Intention, habit, sensation seeking and automaticity significantly predicted fruit consumption. Intention and cues significantly predicted unhealthy snacking. There were no significant predictors of walking. Habit, present orientation, sensation seeking, and interactions between intention and sensation seeking, and intention and planning significantly predicted recycling. Conclusion Findings may help develop future frameworks to guide research and tailored interventions using the theory according to behaviour type. Behavioural pathways suggested in the theory may be reconsidered, or other constructs could be included as extensions of the model to improve the theory’s utility.

The relations between impulsivity, opioid use, and nonmedical prescription opioid use motives: An examination within three large urban emergency departments.

Impulsivity is a transdiagnostic risk factor for multiple disorders, including opioid use disorders (OUDs). However, scant work has examined if impulsivity facets distinguish individuals reporting nonmedical opioid use from those who use opioids as prescribed, particularly in important settings such as emergency departments (EDs). Further, no studies, to our knowledge, have examined the relations between impulsivity facets and motives for nonmedical prescription opioid use (NMPOU). Using data from EDs, this study examined if impulsivity facets (assessed via the [negative] urgency, premeditation, perseverance, sensation seeking, and positive urgency) related to nonmedical opioid use and if these facets related to OUD severity among individuals reporting past-year opioid use. Among patients reporting past 3-month NMPOU, the relation between motives for use and impulsivity was examined. Results indicated all facets (except lack of perseverance) distinguished patients reporting nonmedical opioid use from individuals abstaining from opioid use and those who used opioids as prescribed, with particularly large effect sizes for positive and negative urgency. Similarly, among patients reporting past 12-month opioid use, all facets (except lack of perseverance) significantly distinguished individuals who were OUD negative from those with severe OUD, with positive and negative urgency showing the strongest relations. Multiple motives were associated with certain UPPS-P facets, particularly positive urgency, negative urgency, and sensation-seeking. Results suggest that the relation between impulsivity and opioid use characteristics varies across facets of impulsivity, with emotion-based impulsivity being the most relevant. Implications for screening and interventions are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Binge drinking trajectories across adolescence and early adulthood: Associations with genetic influences for dual-systems impulsive personality traits, alcohol consumption, and alcohol use disorder.

Binge drinking is a relatively common pattern of alcohol use among youth with normative frequency trajectories peaking in emerging and early adulthood. Frequent binge drinking is a critical risk factor for not only the development of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) but also increased odds of alcohol-related injury and death, and thus constitutes a significant public health concern. Changes in binge drinking across development are strongly associated with changes in impulsive personality traits (IPTs) which have been hypothesized as intermediate phenotypes associated with genetic risk for heavy alcohol use and AUD. The current study sought to examine the extent to which longitudinal changes in binge drinking and intoxication frequency across adolescence and early adulthood are associated with genetic influences underlying dual-systems IPTs (i.e., top-down [lack of self-control] and bottom-up [sensation seeking and urgency] constructs) alongside genetic risk for alcohol consumption and AUD. Associations were tested using conditional latent growth curve polygenic score (PGS) models in three independent longitudinal samples ( N =10,554). Results suggested consistent significant and independent associations across all samples between sensation seeking PGSs and model intercepts (i.e., higher frequency of binge drinking at first measurement occasion) and alcohol consumption PGSs and model slopes (i.e., steeper increases toward peak binge drinking frequency). Urgency PGSs were not significantly associated with changes in binge drinking or intoxication frequency. Collectively, these findings highlight the role of unique but correlated IPT and alcohol-specific genetic factors in the emergence and escalation of binge drinking during adolescence and early adulthood.

Characterizing impulsivity in individuals with methamphetamine and methcathinone use disorders.

Individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) are characterized by loss of control in drug use, such as increased impulsivity. Methamphetamine and methcathinone are psychostimulants, the use of which is accompanied by a high level of impulsivity. Whether individuals with methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) and methcathinone use disorder (MCUD) differ in different aspects of impulsivity is unclear. We investigated impulsivity traits and behaviors in individuals with MUD and MCUD. The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS), and delay discounting task (DDT) were assessed in individuals with MUD and MCUD and in healthy controls (HCs); then, we performed network-based analysis and computational modeling to understand the potential differences among the three groups. MUD subjects scored higher than MCUD subjects in terms of motor impulsivity, nonplanning impulsivity, and total BIS scores. The network analysis revealed that there were no significant differences between MUD and MCUD subjects in any centrality indices. The discount rate of MUD and MCUD subjects was significantly greater than that of HCs, whereas there was no difference in the discount rate between the two addiction groups. These findings suggest that MUD and MCUD participants differ in impulsivity traits but not in impulsive behaviors, implying that impulsive traits and behaviors represent different aspects of impulsivity.

Adolescent alcohol consumption predicted by differences in electrophysiological functional connectivity and neuroanatomy.

Alcohol consumption during adolescence has been associated with neuroanatomical abnormalities and the appearance of future disorders. However, the latest advances in this field point to the existence of risk profiles which may lead to some individuals into an early consumption. To date, some studies have established predictive models of consumption based on sociodemographic, behavioral, and anatomical-functional variables using MRI. However, the neuroimaging variables employed are usually restricted to local and hemodynamic phenomena. Given the potential of connectome approaches, and the high temporal dynamics of electrophysiology, we decided to explore the relationship between future alcohol consumption and electrophysiological connectivity measured by MEG in a cohort of 83 individuals aged 14 to 16. As a result, we found a positive correlation between alcohol consumption and the functional connectivity in frontal, parietal, and frontoparietal connections. Once this relationship was described, multivariate linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the predictive capacity of functional connectivity in conjunction with other neuroanatomical and behavioral variables described in the literature. Finally, the multivariate linear regression analysis determined the importance of anatomical and functional variables in the prediction of alcohol consumption but failed to find associations with impulsivity, sensation seeking, and executive function scales. In conclusion, the predictive traits obtained in these models were closely associated with changes occurring during adolescence, suggesting the existence of different paths in neurodevelopment that have the potential to influence adolescents' relationship with alcohol consumption.

Are my peers impulsive? Normative perceptions of impulsivity and associations with personal impulsivity and alcohol use outcomes

ABSTRACT Objective The present study examined whether individuals perceived their peers’ impulsivity as different from their own impulsivity and if perceptions of peers’ impulsivity moderated the associations between personal impulsivity and alcohol use and consequences. Participants Participants were 291 college student drinkers. Methods An online survey assessed impulsivity, peer norms of impulsivity, and alcohol use. T-tests and hierarchical regressions examined associations. Results Peer impulsivity (i.e. negative/positive urgency, lack of premeditation/perseverance) norms were generally higher than personal impulsivity, except for sensation seeking. Individuals with greater personal lack of premeditation tended to consume more alcohol, and having higher peer lack of premeditation norms strengthened this relationship. Only greater peer lack of premeditation norms were associated with greater consequences. Conclusions Findings suggested that individuals generally perceived peer impulsivity to be higher than their own impulsivity. There was some support that peer impulsivity norms (i.e. lack of premeditation) were related to personal alcohol outcomes.

Relationship between Social Media Addiction and Urgency in Young Adults

This study intended to inspect the relationship of urgency (positive and negative) and social media addiction (SMA) in young adults. The study also explored the gender differences on SMA and urgency. Two of the proposed hypotheses were put into testing, i.e., i) There is a relationship between SMA and urgency among young adults, and ii) There are gender differences in SMA and urgency. This research used a correlational research design and convenience sampling strategy. A sample of 300 university students was collected that included 150 males and 150 females age ranging between 18-25 years (M= 19.03, SD= 3.29). The data was collected in person through a self-constructed demographic questionnaire, Social Networking Addiction Scale (SNAS), and Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation Seeking, and Positive Urgency (UPPS-P) Impulsive Behavior Scale. The data was analyzed through SPSS software and Pearson correlation along with independent sample t-test were employed to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that there is a positive relationship between urgency and SMA among young adults, however, no significant gender differences were found in urgency, social media addiction, and their subscales. This study urges young adults to limit social media use to prevent psychological dependence that can harm both productivity and mental well-being. It highlights the tendency of individuals to turn to social media as an escape when overwhelmed by emotional states, often sharing more than they would in a more balanced state of mind. This emotional oversharing can lead to unintended consequences, impacting personal and professional lives.

Exploring the Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Sexually Explicit Internet Material (SEIM) Consumption among Adolescents and Young Adults in Cambodia

Purpose: This study investigates the prevalence and factors associated with the consumption of sexually explicit Internet material (SEIM) among adolescents and young adults in Cambodia. Methods: Utilizing a cross-sectional study design, data were collected through a survey administered to 1,271 participants. The survey focused on measuring SEIM consumption, sexual sensation seeking, perceived reality of SEIM, and sexual attitudes. Findings: The study revealed a SEIM prevalence of 27.2%, with notably higher rates among males (35.5%) than females (18.6%). Significant predictors of SEIM consumption included being male, having a father with a middle-level education, engaging in alcohol or substance consumption, spending more than five hours daily on electronic devices, having friends with sexual experience, frequent thoughts about sex, a heightened interest in sex compared to peers, perceiving SEIM as realistic, and maintaining a permissive attitude towards sex. Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of implementing education programs to address SEIM consumption and its potential risk factors. Such initiatives are crucial for preventing the use of SEIM among Cambodian youth, promoting a healthier understanding of sexuality, and fostering responsible online behavior.

Pornography use, problematic pornography use, impulsivity, and sensation seeking: a meta-analysis.

While some individuals engage in recreational pornography use (PU), others may develop an uncontrolled pattern of use termed problematic pornography use (PPU). PPU is characterized by persistent, excessive, or compulsive engagement with pornographic content, despite distress and adverse consequences. Impulsivity has been identified as a factor associated with PU and PPU. The present meta-analysis aims to sum up the existing research on the relationship between impulsivity and PU/PPU and investigate whether age and gender could moderate this relationship. A keyword-based systematic literature search was performed to identify articles that assessed PU/PPU and impulsivity. Extracted correlations were converted into Fisher's Z. Meta-regression analyses were also performed. Publication bias was assessed by Egger's regression intercept. Outcomes included general impulsivity and its dimensions (ie, negative and positive urgency, lack of premeditation and perseverance), sensation seeking, PU, and PPU. Meta-analytic results of the random effects model showed a significant positive correlation between impulsivity as total score and PU (n = 1504, k = 4, Fisher's Z = 0.21, P < .001) and PPU (n = 20174, k = 13, Fisher's Z = 0.17, P < .001). Significant and positive associations were also found between sensation seeking and PU (n = 11707, k = 11, Fisher's Z = 0.14, P < .001) and PPU (n = 20152, k = 9, Fisher's Z = 0.06, P < .001). Concerning the relationship between PPU and different dimensions of impulsivity, almost all the associations were significant and positive. The dimension of positive urgency and attentional and nonplanning impulsivity showed the strongest association. Age (β = -0.50, Q = 101.26, df = 11, P < .001) and gender (female = 1; β = -0.46, Q = 102.54, df = 12, P < .001) moderated the association between general impulsivity and PPU. No risk of publication bias emerged. Prevention programs of PPU should focus on impulsivity and certain key dimensions (eg, positive urgency, attentional and nonplanning impulsivity) and be tailored to individual impulsivity profiles, considering age and gender differences. The primary strength of this meta-analysis is that it considers various conceptualizations of impulsivity. However, the results are to be interpreted with caution since >30% of relevant studies had to be excluded because information could not be gathered from the study authors. These results suggest that general impulsivity is linked to PU and PPU and that specific dimensions of impulsivity (ie, attentional impulsivity, nonplanning impulsivity, and positive urgency) can serve as risk factors for PPU.

Motor impulsivity and spicy food craving: A mediation analysis of insula-based resting state functional connectivity.

In China, the rate of spicy food consumption is rising, and chili pepper is among the most popular spicy foods consumed nationwide. However, little effort has been made to understand the mechanism behind spicy food craving. This exploratory study aimed to investigate differences in insula-based resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) between spicy food cravers and non-cravers, and the association between rsFC, impulsivity and spicy food craving. A group of extreme cravers (n = 49) and a group of age- and sex-matched non-cravers (n = 46) completed a resting-state fMRI scan, during which participants were instructed to keep their eyes closed, to not think of anything in particular, and to remain awake. Participants completed the Spicy Food Craving Questionnaire, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Sensation Seeking Scale and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and rated the frequency of spicy food intake. Results revealed increased insula-occipital lobe resting-state functional connectivity in individuals with spicy food cravings, and the positive correlations between insula-middle occipital gyrus rsFC, impulsivity and spicy food craving. Specifically, the insula-middle occipital gyrus rsFC strength mediated the relationship between the motor impulsivity and spicy food craving. It is hoped that our exploratory findings may shed new insights into the neural mechanisms of spicy food craving and motivate further exploration of spicy food craving in diverse contexts and cultures.

Negative and positive urgency as pathways in the intergenerational transmission of suicide risk in childhood.

Parental suicide attempts and suicide death increase suicide risk in their offspring. High levels of impulsivity have been observed in families at high risk for suicide. Impulsivity, a highly heritable trait that is especially elevated in childhood, is frequently measured with the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, which includes negative urgency, positive urgency, sensation seeking, premeditation, and perseverance. Our study examined the association between the UPPS-P facets and suicide ideation (without suicide attempts) and suicide attempts at baseline and first-time endorsement within the next two years in childhood. We also examined how the UPPS-P facets mediated the association between parental suicide attempts and suicide death and offspring first-time suicide ideation and attempts at follow-up. The sample was 9,194 children (48.4% female; 9-10 years old) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, assessed yearly three times. At Time 1 (T1), caregivers reported on suicide attempts and suicide deaths (combined) of the biological parents. Caregivers and children reported on suicide ideation and attempts in the KSADS-PL DSM-5 at each time point, T1 and follow-up (T2 and/or T3). The Short UPPS-P Scale (child-report) assessed the impulsivity facets at T1, which were computed as latent variables. At T1, 6.7% of children had a parent who had attempted or died by suicide. Most UPPS-P facets were associated with suicide ideation and attempts at T1 and T2/T3. In adjusted models, parental suicide attempts and suicide death were associated with offspring negative and positive urgency. In mediation models, parental suicide attempts and suicide death had an indirect effect on offspring first-time suicide ideation at T2/T3 through negative urgency (OR = 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01-1.08) and positive urgency (OR = 1.03, 95% CI, 1.01-1.05). Similar results were found for first-time suicide attempts at T2/T3. Our findings support an impulsive pathway in the familial transmission of suicide risk. For all youth, interventions that target multiple UPPS-P facets may help prevent or reduce suicide risk. For offspring whose parents have attempted or died by suicide, clinicians should pay particular attention to children who impulsively act on extreme emotions, as they may be at higher suicide risk.

When Diapers are Erotic: Investigation of 197 People with Adult-Baby-Syndrome (Autonepophilia)

Goal: Autonepophilia is a behaviour of adults in which people behave like toddlers. They wear diapers, suck on pacifiers and love it to be cared for from other people. Often an erotic component is involved and urinating into the diaper is connected with sexual arousal. Currently only a small number of studies exist about the AB/DL-syndrome (adult baby / diaper lovers). This study aimed to characterize causes in the development and typical behaviours of affected persons. Method: Data were collected in social networks and online communities for adult baby / diaper lovers. A sample of 184 male and 13 female participants with AB/DL behaviour was recruited and compared with a not-affected control group (158 male and 13 female). Primarily a questionnaire was used, which was developed to collect data about this syndrome by the authors. In addition the elements of the „Giessen-Test-II“ (GT-II, Beckmann et al.) and the „Need Inventory of Sensation Seeking“ (NISS, Hamelstein et al.) were used. Results: Data support a psychodynamic, behavioural and biopsychological explanation for AB/DL behaviour. Predisposing factors were the absence of a secure attachment object, lower stimulation in the anal stage, associations between infant care and first sexual arousal, enuresis and testosterone deficiency. The main motive was the reduction of stress and tensions. In contrast to the short excitement, in a long term practicing of AB/DL led to strong feelings of humiliation and shame. Moreover, AB/DL affected individuals had fewer, shorter and poorer-qualities of partnerships compared to the control group. No significant differences were found with respect to the expression of docility or sensation seeking. Conclusion: The study shows evidence of a psychodynamic explanation for the Adult Baby Syndrome. The absence of a safe attachment object and understimulation in the anal phase of development were identified as possible predisposing factors. In combination with the fact, that AB/DL sufferers more often come from divorced and adoptive families, it can be assumed that the origin of this behaviour is in the external circumstances of childhood and youth.

What drives problematic Bitcoin investment behavior?: The role of financial literacy

PurposeAlongside its remarkable growth, problematic Bitcoin investment (BI) behavior and its associated negative consequences have become prevalent, and only a few studies have examined it. Therefore, this study aims to examine problematic BI behavior by investigating its specific antecedents and consequences and identifying which antecedents were more influential in it. In addition, we also examine the role of financial literacy on the relationship between the antecedents and problematic BI behavior.Design/methodology/approachWe collected survey data from 413 investors with Bitcoin investment experience in 2018, when a Bitcoin frenzy occurred. The partial least squares method was used to test the proposed research model.FindingsThe results show that prudent, negative urgency, overexpectation and sensation seeking are positively associated with problematic BI behavior, while restraint is negatively associated. Problematic BI behavior is negatively related to investor well-being. Our findings also indicate that both objective and subjective financial literacy moderate the relationship between the antecedents and problematic BI behavior. Four types of investors in terms of their objective and subjective Bitcoin knowledge show different patterns in the relationship between the antecedents and problematic BI behavior.Originality/valueThis study offers insights for researchers by providing a deeper understanding of the contextual antecedents of problematic BI behavior and the role of financial literacy in it. This study provides detailed implications for financial institutions, policymakers, and regulators to guide rational Bitcoin investment behaviors.

Impact of Gambling on the Internet on Middle-Term and Long-Term Recovery from Gambling Disorder: A 2-Year Longitudinal Study.

Online gamblers are more likely to experience gambling problems. The main objective was to compare the frequency of recovery one (middle-term) and two (long-term) years after treatment initiation, according to the gambling medium (Internet vs. land-based gambling). The secondary objectives were (i) to compare online and offline gamblers at inclusion and (ii) to investigate whether the gambling medium was a predictive factor of recovery. Outpatients beginning treatment for a GD (n = 237) were assessed at inclusion (treatment initiation) and after 1 and 2 years. Bivariate analyses were performed to compare online and offline gamblers at inclusion and on the frequency of recovery at one and two years. Two multivariate logistic regressions were then performed to identify factors associated with middle- and long-term recovery. The majority of patients achieved middle (74.2%) and long-term (78.9%) recovery, with no difference between online and offline gamblers. The gambling medium was not a predictive factor of recovery. Patients with a higher perceived self-efficacy (OR = 1.04 [1.01-1.07], p = .046) and having no history of mood disorders (OR = 11.18 [2.53-49.50], p < .001) at inclusion were more likely to achieve middle-term recovery, while long-term recovery was associated with a lower level of sensation seeking (OR = 0.67 [0.48-0.92], p = .015) at treatment initiation. Online gambling did not seem to influence middle- and long-term recovery compared to offline gambling. Enhancement of perceived self-efficacy and treatment of mood disorders, and treatment strategies focused on sensation-seeking may represent helpful care strategies for favouring achievement of middle-term recovery and maintenance of long-term recovery, respectively. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01248767, date of first registration: November 25, 2010.

Understanding involvement in environmental activism: relationships to pathological narcissistic grandiosity, virtue signaling, dominance, and sensation seeking

In a pre-registered study, we sought initial evidence for the relationship between pathological narcissistic grandiosity and involvement in environmental activism. This relationship was predicted based on the dark-ego-vehicle principle (DEVP) for which research is currently still rare. Using a socio-demographically diverse US sample (N = 1,145), we not only aimed at conceptually replicating previous findings on the DEVP but also at examining differential patterns of narcissistic engagement in environmental activism. In particular, we expected higher pathological narcissistic grandiosity to be more strongly related to greater engagement in environmental leadership actions than to greater engagement in environmental participatory actions. Results support the validity of the DEVP by showing that higher pathological narcissistic grandiosity was related to greater involvement in environmental activism, even above and beyond relevant covariates (i.e., pathological narcissistic vulnerability, age, and gender). Also, we found positive relationships between involvement in environmental activism and typical correlates of pathological narcissistic grandiosity (i.e., virtue signaling, dominance, and sensation seeking). Contrary to our predictions, we did not find the relationship between pathological narcissistic grandiosity and environmental activism to be more intense for environmental leadership actions compared to environmental participatory actions. These results are discussed considering the DEVP.

Impulsivity in antisocial personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder in prison population

This study examined impulsivity in antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) in the context of criminal offending. Participants completed the Demographic, Criminal, and Institutional Behavior Interview, the International Personality Disorder Examination, the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, and the Impulsive Behavior Scale, that the APD and OCPD groups can commit the same crimes (against people and against objects). The results revealed that ASPD and OCPD groups can commit the same crimes (against human and against objects), although they differ in terms of impulsivity [Negative Urgency (UN), Sensation Seeking (BS) and Positive Urgency (UP)], with the OCPD group scoring lower on these dimensions. In the ASPD group, those who had committed crimes against human scored higher in UN, BS and UP than those who had committed crimes against objects. In the OCPD group, those who had committed crimes against human scored higher on UN and lower on BS and UP than those who had committed crimes against objects. The importance of analyzing personality disorder profiles for a better understanding of criminal behavior is emphasized.

Similarities and differences in the functions of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) across gender non-conforming and cisgender young adults

BackgroundNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) can be motivated by a broad range of functions and many individuals report multiple reasons for self-injuring. Most NSSI research has involved predominantly female samples and few studies have examined gender similarities and differences in function endorsement. MethodsWe characterise the prevalence and versatility of NSSI functions within a gender-diverse online sample of cisgender women (cis-women; n = 280), cisgender men (cis-men; n = 176), and transgender, non-binary, and other gender non-conforming young adults (TGNC; n = 80) age 18–30 (M = 23.73, SD = 3.55). The Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory (OSI-F) assessed 24 intrapersonal and social functions across nine domains: affect regulation, self-punishment, anti-dissociation, anti-suicide, sensation seeking, sexuality, interpersonal influence, and body image. ResultsTGNC participants and cis-women were significantly more likely to report intrapersonally motivated NSSI and greater function versatility than cis-men. Low mood, emotional distress, suicidality, and trauma symptomology appeared to contribute to gender differences in function endorsement. Gender similarities also emerged; across groups, intrapersonal functions were substantially more common than social functions, and the most endorsed domains were affect regulation and self-punishment. No domains were gender specific. LimitationsThe OSI-F was developed from majority female samples and may not adequately capture the experiences of other gender groups. ConclusionsInterventions which reduce distress and strengthen emotion regulation are likely to benefit individuals who self-injure regardless of gender. However, most individuals report multiple NSSI functions and person-centred interventions which address this complexity are needed. Future research should develop gender-informed treatment models which consider the unique experiences of TGNC individuals and cis-men who self-injure.

Impulse control disorders related cognitive and behavioral features in Parkinson’s disease

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate cognitive and behavioral distinctions in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with impulse control disorders (ICDs). Patients and methods: A total of 72 patients (52 males, 20 females; mean age: 60.8±9.2 years; range, 41 to 77 years) with PD (31 with ICD features [PDwIC] and 41 without ICD [PDwoICD]) and 67 healthy controls (35 males, 32 females; mean age: 60.4±10.4 years; range, 36 to 79 years) were included in this prospective cross-sectional study between April 2018 and January 2020. All participants underwent a comprehensive neuropsychometric assessment, including a battery of cognitive and psychiatric tests. Furthermore, the Iowa Gambling Task was employed to evaluate risky decision-making capacities, and the UPPS (Urgency, Premeditation [lack of], Perseverance [lack of], Sensation Seeking) Impulsive Behavior Scale was utilized to assess impulsive personality traits. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess the presence and severity of depression. Results: The PDwICD, PDwoICD, and healthy control groups showed comparable characteristics in terms of age and education level. Male sex was more prevalent in the PDwICD group than in the control group (p=0.01). The PDwICD group exhibited significantly higher MDS UPDRS I scores and total LEDD compared to the PDwoICD group (p=0.027 and p=0.003, respectively). The PDwICD group also had higher BDI scores and UPPS-Sensation Seeking subscores than the PDwoICD group (p=0.001 and p=0.044, respectively). The multivariate analyses demonstrated an independent association between higher scores of BDI and presence of ICD in PD (p=0.006). Conclusion: In conclusion, comprehensive screening for affective characteristics can help clinicians identify those at higher risk for impulsive behaviors in PD. Prospective studies are needed to better understand the factors leading to ICDs and explore the roles of personality traits, cognitive and behavioral features, and dopaminergic medications.

The force of craving: Approach movements relate to lateralized P3 amplitudes and sensation seeking.

The force of craving: Approach movements relate to lateralized P3 amplitudes and sensation seeking.