Senior Level Research Articles

Women's representation in senior and executive management positions in a South African coal mine: A case study

With the policies and laws in place in South Africa, it is desirable to have more women representation in senior and executive management level where the government leaders and mine management are encouraged to aim for a 50:50 representation of all genders. It is crucial to identify the primary factors that impede women from becoming senior or executive managers in the mining industry and how those challenges could be addressed. More than 20 years into democracy, it is important to understand why men still outnumber women in senior and executive management positions in the mining industry. Mine A was used as a case study where in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 participants from core mining, middle management and senior mining positions using a set of questionnaires. It was found that women experience challenges at home and at work that impede them from advancing in their careers to senior and executive management roles. Those challenges range from toxic masculinity, prejudice, socio economic disadvantages and having to have multiple gender identities at work and in the community. The study identified that even though there are policies in place, those policies are insufficient as they only prescribe the end state and not the inclusive process. They also do not stipulate the required number of women per management level but only focuses on women in mining targets. On this basis, several recommendations were presented.

Sustainable organizational performance through blockchain technology adoption and knowledge management in China

Global competition encourages all industries to attain cutting-edge performance by continuously developing their goods and processes; knowledge is the most effective and powerful weapon for long-term sustainability and growth. Effective blockchain adoption (BCA) and better supply chain visibility (SCV) via organizational and production knowledge management (KM) have emerged as the most powerful instruments for improving sustainable organizational performance (SOP). Therefore, drawing on the resource-based view and technology acceptance model, this study seeks to underline the empirical relationships among KM, BCA, SCV, and SOP in a developing country context of Chinese manufacturing, as research in this sector is still nascent encompassing these constructs. Data were collected from 289 respondents (senior, middle, and junior) level staff members from manufacturing industries and analyzed by a novel approach; partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The empirical analyses indicated that KM significantly impacts BCA. BCA also positively affects SCV. Besides BCA, the KM also positively impacts SOP. The mediation effect analysis revealed the significant serial mediating impact of BCA and SCV on the relationship of KM to SOP. This study enriches the inadequate literature and throws light on BCA from an organizational resource perspective. The study deepens our understanding and delivers valued insights to the managers and policymakers of manufacturing industries concerning the role of KM, BCA, and SCV in achieving SOP.

Knowledge and attitudes about obstructive sleep apnea among otorhinolaryngology trainee residents in Saudi Arabia: A survey-based cross-sectional study.

Obstructive sleep apnea is a common disorder frequently encountered in otorhinolaryngology practice. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge and attitudes toward obstructive sleep apnea among otorhinolaryngology trainees in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This was a survey-based cross-sectional study. An online questionnaire was sent in July 2020 via email and WhatsApp instant messaging to all otorhinolaryngology trainee residents in Saudi Arabia. We utilized the previously validated obstructive sleep apnea knowledge and attitudes questionnaire (OSAKA). Results: 32.4% of all email recipients completed the questionnaire and met the inclusion criteria. 66.7% were males, thirty-two participants (53.3%) were at the junior level (R2-R3), and twenty-eight (46.7%) were at the senior level (R4-R5). The mean total knowledge score was 13.98/18. Senior residents had a higher mean total knowledge score than junior residents. Senior residents had a higher mean total attitude score than junior residents. Age, gender, residency program area, and years of previous otorhinolaryngology practice showed no significant differences in terms of knowledge levels and attitudes toward obstructive sleep apnea. Exposure to obstructive sleep apnea surgery and awareness of sleep disorders other than sleep apnea were found to be associated with an increased level of confidence in identifying patients at risk of obstructive sleep apnea and in the ability to manage them. Conclusions: This study describes the current condition of obstructive sleep apnea knowledge and attitudes among otorhinolaryngology residents in Saudi Arabia. Addressing studied elements may improve training outcomes.

Academic leaders: In-role perceptions and developmental approaches

Academic excellence is brought about by effective leadership, which may encompass the concept of distributed leadership, which signifies a collective engagement. However, leadership positions within higher education are frequently filled with scholars lacking leadership skills and experience, which can be detrimental both to their performance and well-being. To address this, we explored via interviews with academic leaders how academic leadership is defined and conceptualised and what their developmental needs are. Participants ( N = 23) came from junior, middle and senior management levels. Findings suggest that their notions of leadership as well as any developmental needs/activities perceived useful, differ according to their leadership level. Although junior leaders were more concerned with procedural elements of leading, senior leaders focused on mentoring, social expectations and knowledge of academia. These findings have important implications for a wider theoretical conceptualisation of academic leadership, which are typically focused on individual senior leaders. Further, our findings inform leadership development programmes, as universities’ dealings with academic leaders tend not to consider the differing requirements of junior, middle and senior academic leaders.

Trainees’ perceptions on learning environment based on the level of training in a pediatric training program in Indonesia

Background Learning environment in a pediatric specialist training program is complex and may influence trainees’ performance and achievement. We evaluated the trainees’ perception on learning environment and compared it between levels of the training.
 Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study to pediatric trainees in Pediatric Specialist Training Program at Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia in May 2019. The data was collected online using the Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM) questionnaire, which was translated into Indonesian language and was self-completed by the trainees.
 Results All (136) trainees, which consisted of 35 (25.7%) junior, 44 (32.3%) middle, and 57 (42%) senior levels, completed the survey. The mean total score of PHEEM for all trainees was 108.10 (+ 17.03), which was not different between levels of the trainees. The mean scores for the role of autonomy, teaching, and social support were not different between levels of training either. Nevertheless, the junior scored less than the middle and senior trainees for questions on performing inappropriate tasks.
 Conclusion The learning environment of the pediatric training program in our setting was perceived good but improvement was required. There was no difference in perception of learning environment based on the level of the training.

Trainees’ perceptions on learning environment based on the level of training in a pediatric training program in Indonesia

Background Learning environment in a pediatric specialist training program is complex and may influence trainees’ performance and achievement. We evaluated the trainees’ perception on learning environment and compared it between levels of the training. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study to pediatric trainees in Pediatric Specialist Training Program at Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia in May 2019. The data was collected online using the Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM) questionnaire, which was translated into Indonesian language and was self-completed by the trainees. Results All (136) trainees, which consisted of 35 (25.7%) junior, 44 (32.3%) middle, and 57 (42%) senior levels, completed the survey. The mean total score of PHEEM for all trainees was 108.10 (+ 17.03), which was not different between levels of the trainees. The mean scores for the role of autonomy, teaching, and social support were not different between levels of training either. Nevertheless, the junior scored less than the middle and senior trainees for questions on performing inappropriate tasks. Conclusion The learning environment of the pediatric training program in our setting was perceived good but improvement was required. There was no difference in perception of learning environment based on the level of the training.

How do corporate social responsibility and green innovation transform corporate green strategy into sustainable firm performance?

In the context of today's dynamic world with the development of technology, running a green-oriented business for long-term viability is no longer an option, particularly for businesses in general and small-medium enterprises (SMEs) for long-term viability and sustainability . The present research examines the relationship between corporate green strategy and sustainable firm performance for SMEs by exploring the mediating role of corporate social responsibility and green innovation in the given context in an emerging economy. This study applies a quantitative approach by using a well-structured questionnaire for data collection. The target respondents were managers at senior and middle levels. There were 469 valid responses obtained from the main survey. The final data was included in the analysis using Smart PLS (version 3.3.2) Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to investigate the relationships between constructs and latent variables and provides an extension to the current literature by providing an integrated model of corporate green strategy, green corporate social responsibility, green innovation and sustainable firm performance. In addition, the model's application to the emerging economy reinforces the originality of this study. This study therefore provides an integration of “three green” elements in a model which is also unexplored by the extant literature. Specifically, green strategy, green corporate social responsibility and green innovation are integrated, aiming to facilitate enterprises, improve environmental performance, enhance sustainable competitive advantages and achieve firm sustainability. Moreover, this study provides strategic thinking for long-term business development towards a sustainable balance of economic, social and environmental benefits, through which business leaders are encouraged to consider practical actions carefully to improve environmental performance as this is certain to develop business competitiveness and achieve sustainable business performance. • Integrated model of corporate green strategy, green corporate social responsibility, green innovation and sustainable firm performance. • Strategic thinking for long-term business development towards sustainable balance of economic, social and environmental benefits. • Encouraging to practical actions carefully to develop business competitiveness and achieve sustainable business performance.

Impact of Corporate Governance on Accounting Standards’ Compliance in Nigerian Public Institutions

Purpose: Compliance with International Public Sector Accounting standards have been proved to improve the quality of financial reporting in both private and public sector. This study is an attempt to answer the question whether corporate governance have any influence on compliance of public sector entities with accounting standards (IPSASs).
 Methodology: Descriptive research and survey method of data collection was employed to collect primary data from relevant respondents using questionnaire as an instrument. Four hundred (400) questionnaires were distributed to senior level officers in Finance and Accounts, Internal Audit, and Procurement departments of twenty seven (27) government institutions which were purposefully selected out of a total a total of one hundred and twenty (120) from the south west geo political zone of the country because of proximity. Fifteen (15) respondents were selected from each institution covered except in five which was limited to fourteen (14) due to number of senior level officers in the selected department. Only 92.5% of the questionnaires distributed were returned as validly completed.
 Findings: Findings revealed that the level compliance with IPSASs is high at 67%, which has very positive significant effect on the quality of financial reporting.
 Recommendation: It was concluded that compliance with IPSASs improve quality of Financial reporting and thus recommended that to improve the quality of financial reporting, the quality of corporate governance should be improved upon since this have direct positive effect on the quality of financial reporting in the sector

Comparison of the Hostile Aggression Among Junior and Senior Level Indian Judokas

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine the level of aggression among the Junior and Senior Level Judokas. For the purpose of the study, 50 judokas were taken as subjects and data was collected through questionnaire method. Buss Perry Aggression questionnaire was used which measured aggression on the basis of four variables, out of which Hostile Aggression was considered to determine the level of aggression and no significant difference is found in the level of Physical Aggression of Junior and Senior Judokas.

Growth Strategies and Sales Performance of Private Security Companies: The Case of WS Insight Limited

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of growth strategies on sales performance of private security companies, namely WS Insight Limited. The specific objective of the study was to find out how market penetration strategy implementation affects the sales success at WS Insight Limited. The resource-based theory, core competency theory, goal attainment theory and contingency theory were used to guide the research. Descriptive survey design was adopted. The target group included 71 management workers from the executive, senior, middle and junior management levels who were in charge of strategy execution. The study discovered that majority of respondents agreed that in the last eight years, WS Insight Limited had boosted its advertising and marketing activities to raise brand awareness and had used new distribution channels to grow market sales. Between 2013 and 2020, there was the implementation of tactics such as price discounts and fair pricing, as well as the formation of strategic alliances, as evidenced by a composite mean of 3.98 and standard deviation of 0.851. The study also discovered that the current economic climate and political considerations influence strategic decision-making. The study concluded there is a link between growth strategies and sales performance, with market penetration strategy execution being the most important independent variable. The study recommended that the company should increase its advertising and marketing operations in order to expand into new markets. It is also suggested that management should encourage the best use of distribution networks and price discounting tactics, as this would help the company penetrate the market and increase sales. Keywords: Growth Strategies, Market Penetration Strategy Implementation, Sales Performance, WS Insight Limited, Kenya

The relative age effect in the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA): a mixed methods approach

ABSTRACT Background Background: In the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA), Talent Academies (TAs) and senior teams cater for high-performing players. However, only two previous studies have quantified the relative age effect (RAE; i.e., a selection bias favouring those born near the beginning of the cut-off date) in these cohorts. Additionally, no studies have explored stakeholder understanding of the RAE using qualitative methods. Aim This study aimed to: (a) quantify the RAE in TAs and senior teams, and (b) investigate stakeholder perspectives of the talent development environment, providing practical insight into the RAE. Methods A mixed methods sequential explanatory study design was employed. Phase one involved a retrospective analysis of longitudinal data for the frequency and distribution of births using TA (n = 12,445) and senior (n = 8,752) players. Phase two comprised two focus groups of key stakeholders [coaches (n = 4) and Talent Development Leaders (n = 4)] at TA and senior level. Results Analysis revealed a significant difference between TA birth quarter (BQ) distributions compared with expected distributions (P < 0.001; BQ1 = 30.4% vs. BQ4 = 17.6%), whereas at senior level, there were no significant differences observed (χ2 (df = 3) = 3.812, P = 0.282). In phase two, inductive analysis revealed three higher-order themes: (a) understanding of the RAE, (b) selection criteria, and (c) player characteristics. Conclusion The GAA are encouraged to reflect on the practice of chronological age band grouping, investigate possible solutions to limit the effects of the RAE, and offer support programmes to educate key stakeholders.

Tensions and opportunities in the roles of senior public health officials in Canada: A qualitative study

Although public health emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic thrust senior public health officials into the spotlight, their day-to-day roles remain misunderstood and under-examined. In jurisdictions that follow the Westminster system of government such as Canada, the United Kingdom, and Australia, Chief Medical Officers of Health (CMOHs) are typically senior public servants who are simultaneously positioned as public health professionals with independent expertise, senior advisors to an elected government, and designated protectors of the public health interest. Using Canada's federal and provincial CMOHs as case studies of this role in Westminster governments, we analyzed in-depth key informant interview data to examine how CMOHs navigate the tensions among their duties to the government, profession, and public in order to maximize their public health impact. We demonstrate that CMOHs are variously called upon to be government advisors, public health managers, and public communicators, and that the different emphasis that jurisdictions place on these roles shapes the tools and pathways through which CMOHs can influence government action and public health. We also elucidate the tensions associated with having CMOHs positioned within the senior levels of the public service and the strategies these officials use to balance their internal- and external-facing roles. Finally, we highlight the trade-offs among different institutional design options to inform decisions about the structure of the CMOH position in different contexts.

How humane entrepreneurship fosters sustainable supply chain management for a circular economy moving towards sustainable corporate performance

Growing environmental and social issues pose a challenge to the business world as to how to sustain and grow in an environment characterised by uncertainties. Drawing upon a systematic literature review, this study prioritises on examining the impact of humane entrepreneurship (HumEnt) on sustainable corporate performance (SCP) for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in emerging economy because this extent remains scant in the current literature. Furthermore, it also explores whether sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) mediates the relationship between HumEnt and SCP. Simultaneously, examining whether green corporate social responsibility (GCSR) moderates HumEnt's influence on SSCM. This study follows quantitative approach using Smart PLS version 3.3.2 to analyse Structural Equation Modelling to investigate the structural relationships. There were 468 valid responses obtained from the main survey. The survey participants are those who hold senior levels at the selected enterprises. The results reveal that HumEnt has a positive and meaningful relationship with SSCM and SCP. In addition, SSCM partially mediates the relationship between HumEnt and SCP. Besides, GCSR positively and significantly affects SSCM, and simultaneously moderates HumEnt's influence on SSCM. Given the above discussion on the gap, the main finding of this study is a novelty in the field. These contributions may be of interest to business practitioners, business leaders and academics. In this context, circular economy practices are essential in promoting SSCM to achieve sustainable performance. This study seeks to provide an influence map on how GCSR involves realizing HumEnt to promote SSCM for a circular economy to achieve greater sustainability.

Assessments of the Results of Person’s Educational-Cognitive Activity and General Development in Waldorf School

The relevance of the study is caused by the need to consider the achievements of world pedagogy and to analyse Waldorf experience objectively in order to use it in the New Ukrainian School, which will help to improve schoolchildren’s assessment, develop person’s learning motivation, form his self-confidence and prevent didactic fears and stresses.&#x0D; The aim of the study has been determined in the article. The aim is to clarify the specifics of assessment of person’s learning results and general development in Waldorf school. The general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison, systematization, classification and generalization) have been used to conduct this study.&#x0D; It has been found that Waldorf school has not used a grade assessment system since its inception. The main forms of schoolchildren’s qualitative assessment in Waldorf school are the following: constant informing of parents about the success and progress in children’s development at the basic level of education (grades 1-8); oral feedback by all teachers at the senior level of education (grades 9-12); written feedback – a detailed description of every child at the end of each school year (during the 12-year learning process); final exams.&#x0D; The recording of schoolchildren’s academic achievements is carried out on the basis of a system of certain criteria, and each school develops it independently. At the same time, all schools have one feature in common: they use the criteria that characterize person’s emotional, volitional and cognitive spheres (memory, fantasy, imagination).&#x0D; The process of assessment in Waldorf school involves shifting the emphasis from control and schoolchildren’s evaluation to self-control and self-assessment. It also promotes schoolchildren’s interest in learning, forms their internal motivation for cognitive activity, takes away children’s didactic fears and stresses and stimulates their personal intellectual activity, awareness and correlation of own activities with the activities of the environment.&#x0D; The authors emphasize on the expediency of using Waldorf school experience in schoolchildren’s assessment for the practical solution of the problem of assessment in the New Ukrainian School.

Relative Age Effect Among the Best Norwegian Track and Field Athletes of All Time: Comparisons of Explosive and Endurance Events.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of relative age effect (RAE) among the best Norwegian track and field athletes of all time, aged 13 years to senior, as well as to investigate the differences between athletes in events that impose different demands on their physical characteristics, categorised in endurance and explosiveness. The degree of RAE was investigated by examining the difference between the sample’s (N = 21,711) quarterly birth distribution and the quarterly distribution of birth of the Norwegian population as a whole from 1966 to 2019. To determine whether or not an RAE was present, chi-square tests (χ2) were conducted against an even distribution, with Cramer’s V (phi or ɸ) as a measure of effect size. The study’s results show a strong RAE in the two youngest age groups in both genders. RAE decreases with increasing age, but the effect is still present at the senior level in both men and women. Furthermore, the degree of RAE was strongest in explosive events in both boys (ɸ = 0.46) and girls (ɸ = 0.30), while in endurance events it was strong in boys (ɸ = 0.38) but not in girls (ɸ = 0.13). Prominent effect of RAE in the 13- and 14-year-old classes can be explained by the fact that in the youngest age groups impose the highest relative age difference. In addition, this is an age group where there are large differences in growth spurts, physical characteristics and training experience. Elimination of RAE with increasing age may be due to the fact that after puberty inherent physical advantages as a result of the month of birth are evened out. The prominent RAE in explosive events and in boys may be due to the fact that puberty and growth spurts make boys faster, stronger and larger, while puberty and growth spurts in girls are not always beneficial for girls in track and field events. The practical significance of the results relates to athletes developmental opportunities. Irrespective of whether young track and field athletes are relatively older or younger they should be met with patience and dedication from coaches. Superficial short-term categorization of young athletes potential do more harm than good.

Composition, distribution, and change in Canada's federal policy staff

AbstractUsing a decade of administrative data from the Government of Canada, we provide fresh analysis of the composition and distribution of staff most formally associated with policy work, the Economics and Social Science (EC) classification. Comparative analysis across unit levels including “ministerial departments” and central agencies, as well as non‐standard organizations support but clarify the nature of the uneven distribution of policy analytical capacity across government. We demonstrate a dramatic increase in not only the overall complement of EC staff over time, particularly since 2017, but also significant growth at senior levels while junior EC staff have remained stable or declined. The findings also point to new dynamics related to the pace, orientation, and distribution of policy analytical capacity as governments gain, lose, and exercise that capacity often in the face of tough choices about how, where, and when to deploy policy resources.

Undergraduate program in nanoscience and nanoengineering: five years after the National Science Foundation grant including two pandemic years

We describe a coherent undergraduate educational program in nanoscience and nanoengineering at the University of Rochester (UR) based on the Institute of Optics and Integrated Nanosystems Center resources. This project has three main outcomes: (1) developing a curriculum and offering the Certificate in Nanoscience and Nanoengineering (CNSNE); (2) creating an exemplary model of collaboration in nanotechnology between a university with state-of-the-art, expensive experimental facilities and a nearby two-year community college (CC) with the participation of the local Monroe Community College (MCC); and (3) developing universally accessible “hands-on” experiments (mini-labs) on nanophotonics/quantum nanophotonics, learning materials, and pedagogical methods to be introduced in some Institute of Optics classes from freshman to senior levels. The inexpensive mini-labs described herein can be adopted in small colleges. An important outcome of this project is that ∼50 % of the 41 awardees of the CNSNE (by May 2021) after graduation continued their career in the field of nanoscience and nanoengineering. For the CNSNE program, UR students must take three courses: Nanometrology Laboratory (a new course specifically created for this program) and two other selective courses. Students should also conduct a one-semester research or design project in the fields of nanoscience and nanoengineering. A total of 52 MCC students (including non-science, technology, engineering, and mathematics major students) participated in two labs at the UR on atomic force microscopy and photolithography in a clean room. Our teaching methodology, the progress of students’ learning outcomes, and the investigation of students’ attitudes and self-efficacy toward selecting their careers in nanoscience/nanotechnology are also discussed and analyzed. Discussions on the challenges in teaching advanced lab classes during the pandemic, our solutions for preserving the CNSNE program, and lessons learned are also included.

Enhancing School-Based Sexuality Education in Rural Areas of South Africa: Educators’ Perspectives

Sexuality Education aims to reduce teenage pregnancies and other consequences of risky sexual practices such as sexually transmitted infections including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among young people. This descriptive-explorative study explored and described how teachers in the senior phase at Soutpansberg West Circuit, South Africa perceived Sexuality Education in their schools. Ten purposively recruited teachers in the research setting were individually interviewed in 2019. The collected data were thematically analysed. The research findings revealed the teachers’ perceived benefits of Sexuality Education, the barriers to Sexuality Education and impact of Sexuality Education on senior level learners in the study setting. Furthermore, it emerged that teachers used different approaches such as lectures, questions and answers, class discussions, and targeted individuals to facilitate Sexuality Education lessons in their schools. This study recommends the provision of support to teachers through training, access to relevant curriculum resources, as well as the monitoring and evaluation of Sexuality Education programmes in the study setting. &#x0D; &#x0D; Received: 29 November 2021 / Accepted: 29 June 2022 / Published: 5 July 2022

'Most nurses in the rural or remote health clinics run away from their job due to no remote allowances and poor working equipment and environment'. Health professional leaders' perception of shortages in the nursing workforce in underserved areas in Vanuatu.

Health professional leaders are key informants working at senior levels in various health facilities in the areas of policies and planning processes, and human resources. This study explores the factors affecting the nursing shortage in Vanuatu and recommends measures and interventions to resolve the shortage. A qualitative study was used to collect data from 12 health professional leaders using focus group discussion in three randomly selected hospitals in Vanuatu. The qualitative data were collected using a semi-structured, open-ended questionnaire and were audio-recorded. The data were translated and transcribed, and then analysed using thematic analysis. Four themes were identified: inadequate planning, increased population growth, nurse turnover and proposed strategies to resolve nursing shortages. Subthemes for inadequate planning were inadequate policy and human resources planning, and inadequate enrolment. Subthemes for increased population growth were demographics and burden of disease. Subthemes for nurse turnover were job dissatisfaction, absenteeism and increased medical problems. Subthemes for proposed strategies to resolve the nursing shortage were increased enrolment, infrastructure and capacity building. The present study identified key factors affecting current nursing workforce shortages and the recommended measures and interventions to resolve nursing shortages. The findings will assist policymakers to refine and develop relevant policies to address and strengthen the Vanuatu Ministry of Health nursing workforce.

A Study on Status of Mental Health among Male and Female Senior Secondary Level Students of Uttarakhand State

Mental health of the student has been a big concern for parents in the academic world in recent times. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic made huge contributions in it by forcing the school to adopt online teaching and subsequently confining the young generation to their homes and endless hours of screen time. Although online teaching has made academic activities possible at least during this pandemic situation, it has also caused significant stress on the mental health of school children. The present study has been conducted to find out the status of mental health among male and female senior secondary level students of Uttarakhand state. Total of four hundred (400) Senior secondary level Male and female students studying in different schools and Boards of Uttarakhand State were selected as subjects by using random sampling method. The subjects were Aged between 14-19 years and were studying in 9th-12th classes at different schools in Uttarakhand state. Mental Health Status was assessed using the Mental Health Scale developed by Dr. Shushma Talesara and Dr. Akhtar Banao [2017]. The collected data were analysed using mean, standard deviation, and independent t-test. The level of significance was fixed at 0.05. The result revealed that there was a significant difference in the total mental health status between male and female students. Female students were better on mental health status than male students. In subcategories of mental health status, there was a significant difference found for home-related causes, whereas, in the other two subcategories, there was no significant difference between male and female students of Uttarakhand state.