Semiotic Means Research Articles

How Can Storytelling Help Restore Mires? Applying Place-lore Fieldwork Methodology in Ecological Restoration

ABSTRACT As ecological restoration changes the landscape and influences various social and ecological actors, restoration also needs to seek methodologies that integrate different kinds of knowledge and create multi-voiced discussions. We show how studying local environment-related narratives, i.e. place-lore, can be adopted in restoration activities. We argue that as place-lore expresses relationships between people and environment and such stories involve semiotic meanings from the environment, they have a great potential to motivate authentic and diverse discussions in restoration. As an example, we focus on wetland restoration and discuss the experience from the LIFE Mires Estonia (2015–2021) project where place-lore fieldwork was integrated with other restoration activities. Results from the project indicated how integrating the study of place-lore into restoration activities facilitates collecting various kinds of valuable data, addressing different stakeholders’ concerns, detecting possible conflicts, and, most importantly, empowers environmental relations and knowledge that benefit restoration outcomes. KEY POLICY HIGHLIGHTS Enabling different, even conflicting viewpoints around ecological restoration is crucial, to prevent closed, hermetic, or dogmatizing communication. Restoration discussions need to be open to methodologies that focus on small-scale local narratives because the ecological expertise that these kinds of narratives express can directly benefit restoration outcomes. Place-lore fieldwork serves as a participatory method that allows for more inclusive and diverse dialogues between restoration experts and people influenced by restoration.

Analysis Semiotic of Meaning Courage in Qaṣīdah (al-Burdah, al- Niffarīyah, al-Mutanabbī, and al-Ahtyar)

<table style="width: 688px;" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="501"><p><strong>This study aims to analyze the semiotic meaning of the word "courage" in four classical Arabic <em>Qaṣīdahs: Qaṣīdah al-Burdah, Qaṣīdah al-Niffarīyah, Qaṣīdah al-Mutanabbī, </em>and<em> Qaṣīdah al-Ahtyar</em>. This study uses Roland Barthes' semiotic theory to identify the signifiers, signs, and connotative meanings of the word "courage" in these poems. This research uses a qualitative-descriptive approach and a content analysis research design. The data collection techniques used are literature reviews. Primary data is in the <em>Qaṣīdah al-Burdah, Qaṣīdah al-Niffarīyah, Qaṣīdah al-Mutanabbī, </em>and<em> Qaṣīdah al-Ahtyar</em>. Secondary data comes from readings related to the study. The data obtained is reduced, displayed, and verified. The findings show that the semiotic analysis of the word "courage" in the four <em>Qaṣīdahs</em> reveals a testament to the enduring value of courage in guiding Muslims to face challenges and uphold their beliefs in a changing world. The findings of this study offer valuable insights into the rich and nuanced understanding of courage in Islamic culture. These insights can contribute to a deeper appreciation of the Islamic ethical framework and its relevance in contemporary society. In addition, the methodology of this study demonstrates the applicability of semiotic analysis in unearthing deeper meanings embedded in literary and cultural texts.</strong><strong></strong></p><p> </p></td></tr></tbody></table>

실감형 미디어아트의 시각 의미 연구 - 디스트릭트(d’strict) 작품을 중심으로

The purpose of this study is to analyze the visual meaning of realistic media art. First, realistic media art, Roland Barthes' semiotics, and Bernd H. Schmitt's experiential marketing are the background of academic analysis. Second, after categorizing district works by category, the semiotic meaning of each work is analyzed, and five types of experiential marketing are analyzed. This study limited the scope of the study to the works that won the main prize at the ‘iF Design Awards in Germany from 2020 to 2024, and then conducted a case analysis in the commercial service sector and the art service sector. As a result of the study, it was found that both sectors are the same in that they take sensory marketing and emotional marketing, but there is a difference in that the commercial sector focuses on behavioral marketing and the art sector focuses on cognitive marketing. Finally, this study suggests a theoretical basis that can contribute to the development of realistic media art by combining the semantic function of the semiotic perspective with the experiential marketing strategy.

Interpretation Analysis of Educational Values in the Anime Ansatsu Kyoushitsu (Assasination Classroom)

Anime Ansatsu Kyoushitsu is an anime in the genre of action, comedy, drama and school, released in 2012 by Yusei Matsui. It tells the story of Kunugigaoka middle school, which is called the outcast class. This research aims to find out how character education can affect students in the school environment, and how to analyze the content of the story message using Ferdinand De Saussure's theory. This type of research is a type of qualitative research to obtain in-depth and meaningful data and uses data collection techniques in the form of literature studies that collect reading materials, library data, and others as references. This research is expected to provide an understanding of education, especially character education, and to dig deeper into the meaning and purpose of semiotics. Saussure's semiotics focuses on the relationship between signifier and signified based on an agreement called meaning. Based on the analysis of the anime Ansatsu Kyoushitsu, there are several character applications that can be applied in everyday life, namely responsibility, empathy, discipline, courage, cooperation, creativity and appreciation of students. In addition, it can be concluded that the anime tells the story of how a teacher should be a role model and inspirational for students. Teaches the importance of instilling character education in students.

Narrative as “legal tender”: the semiotic meanings of “exchange” in Malcolm Bradbury’s Rates of Exchange

Abstract Malcolm Bradbury’s novel Rates of Exchange, taking the economic term “rates of exchange” as a central metaphor, depicts various exchanges occurring in the socio-economic landscape of Britain during the 1970s and 1980s. In the context of governmental emphasis on economic development, the novel intricately explores exchanges among diverse entities, playing with multiple meanings of the term “exchange”. In this way, the novel itself becomes a form of “legal tender,” exchanged for reader comprehension, communication, and participation. It highlights the ubiquitous presence of exchange and the risks associated with the uncertain exchange rates between different entities. Furthermore, it invites readers to participate in the story-telling and the nostalgic journey back to British literary tradition. This paper, drawing on Roland Barthes’s semiotic theory along with structuralist and poststructuralist concepts, investigates the multifaceted meanings of “exchange” in the novel. Through this analysis, the paper aims to illuminate the semiotic significance of various narrative forms and the profound thematic concerns in Bradbury’s work.

Semiotic field of directing at the beginning of the XXI century

We live in a time of amazing and astounding achievements in scientific and artistic thought. More and more new technologies are being developed in various fields, including information. Today it has become a common occurrence, and no one is surprised by the breadth and variety of forms of information transmission, the main tool of which are nothing but signs. We often perceive the meaning of signs as directly as we see images, hear sounds, smells, etc., in science this is called semiotics – a theory that explores the system of signs. The purpose of the study was to study the application of the sign system in art, namely in the field of directing at the present stage. The leading method of research was structural-semiotic analysis, with the help of which modern cinema was analysed for the use of semiotic means in it. In the course of the research, it was found that semiotics is inextricably linked with art, since the creators of their works often use signs and hidden symbols in creativity, thus giving the recipient the opportunity to independently interpret what he saw or heard. The field of directing is also no exception, most of them are theatrical productions and cinematic works. In cinema, the system of signs has become widespread, and a set of certain symbols is a distinctive feature of some directors. The research contributes to the development of the problems of using sign systems in various fields of activity, which expresses its practical significance

MAKNA SEMIOTIKA KAMPANYE MODERASI BERAGAMA PADA MASYARAKAT MILENIAL MELALUI KOMIK-KARIKATUR KARYA ABDULLAH IBNU THALHAH

This article discusses the semiotic meaning of the campaign for religious moderation in millennial society in the cartoon comic by Abdullah Ibnu Thalhah. This caricature comic media was created to make it easier for millennial people to gain the important values ​​of religious moderation. Because it can be seen that currently there are many violent conflicts betwee religious communities, this occurs due to a lack of education among the religious communities themselves. This research using semiotic analysis is to understand how the message of moderation is conveyed, through analysis that identifies symbols, icons and indices used in caricature comics for understanding and reflection for millennial society on the values ​​of religious moderation. Through this semiotic analysis, millennials receive education on religious moderation in an easy and practical way. The research method uses a qualitative approach with Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis. This semiotic analysis aims to make it easier to understand how the message of religious moderation is conveyed through the images in the cartoon comics. The data collection methods used were interviews, documentation, and semiotic analysis in the caricature comics. Keyword: Religious Moderation, Semiotics, Comic-Caricatures

Moral Messages & Action Film (Semiotic Analysis Roland Barthes In The Film Bad Boys For Life)

The purpose of this study is to analyze the meaning of Roland Barthes' Semiotics which include denotative, connotative, and mythical meanings. The film is directed by Bilall Fallah and Adil El Arbi and starred Will Smith and Martin Lawrence in the film Bad Boys for Life. This study used the descriptive qualitative method. The object of this research is several scenes in the film Bad Boys For Life. The results of this study found that in the film Bad Boys For Life, several scenes or scenes contain moral messages. Some of the moral messages that are divided through the scenes that the researcher chooses include; First, the law of karma that applies and the consequences of every action taken. The second moral message is how the family can be the main factor in shaping a child's personality, therefore parents must reflect something good in front of their children so that they become good children and are useful to their environment. Third, the doctrine that is carried out by parents can affect the condition of the child, the existence of fear, and the taking of the child's right to speak, the taking of the child's right to express his opinion because it is fixed by the doctrine expected by the parents.

Competition among visual, verbal, and auditory modalities: a socio-semiotic perspective

Abstract This article presents a fresh perspective on the interplay among visual, verbal, and auditory modalities, positing that these modalities, as semogenic resources, compete to express dynamic meanings. The theoretical paradigm emphasizes that whether a modality or an element within a modality gets or loses semantic status, it will elicit an additional layer of social meaning to depict a comprehensive picture of a story together with an explicit semiotic meaning. The article adopts a qualitative method to analyze the data, which are drawn from The Good Wife and My Roommate is a Gumiho and annotated in ELAN 6.3. It was found that modal competition can shed light on the dynamic meaning-making processes in semiotic and societal orientations. Modal competition may distort space and time of different stories, and reconstruct a different discursive spatio-temporal dimension in the TV world. It can diversify the dynamic orientations from New to Given in visual, verbal, and auditory texts of multimodal discourses to tell stories. Modal competition provides a lens to understand the multidimensional reality and to appreciate the aesthetics of a modern TV series.

‘Together we are strong!’ Infrastructures of community, safety and power on a Christian Mission Compound

ABSTRACT The Mission Compound is a residential enclosure in a small town in the hinterland of south-western Odisha, India that is exclusively inhabited by Christians. Acquired by German missionaries who introduced new forms of religion, administration and togetherness, this land became Christian and fostered the importance of rituals as well as the clergy’s dominance in a formerly self-administered Adivasi-tribal culture. I conceptualise this Compound as a religious infrastructure, encompassing material components – roads, buildings, walls, and gates – as well as the collective memories and meanings with which these are entangled. Examining the residents’ interactions with this infrastructural apparatus offers a window into the everyday dynamics of security and power that they navigate, as well as the processes of Christian identity formation and belonging in which they – and the infrastructure itself – participate. In this sense, the Mission Compound has great material, religious, social and semiotic meaning for the local Christian community.

Contemporaneity of the Tree of Life Image in the Towels of Poltava Region of the 19th and 20th Centuries

The purpose of the article consists in identifying and analysing the ornaments of traditional towel embroidery of the Poltava region of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the peculiarities of the technique and technology of their production with a focus on the Tree of Life motif for the full reproduction of its authentic meaning in contemporary design.
 Research methodology is based on the methods of comparison, analysis and analogies used for a detailed literature analysis. Induction and deduction methods were useful for identifying the characteristic manifestations of the Poltava tradition against the background of embroidered towels of Ukraine. The typological and comparative methods were used in the study of the Poltava region territorial features. The historical method made it possible to study and identify the sequence of embroidery formation, symbolic and semantic features in embroidered towels. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the comparison of the principles of depicting the Tree of Life in embroidered towels of Podillia, Polissia, and Poltava region of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries; in the formation of a semiotic meanings list of the Tree of Life in towels of Poltava region, which have been scattered in various scientific works. The article provides recommendations for compliance with the authentic content in the interpretation of the symbolic elements of the Tree of Life image in the products of modern designer clothing brands. Conclusions. The Tree of Life is a complex ornamental element of embroidery, especially evident in the Poltava region, and has a wide range of symbolic meanings: a cosmogonic model of the world, the trinity of the three worlds, Family Tree, Mother Guardian, Holy Trinity, and Our Lady Oranta. In the Poltava region, the image of the Tree of Life in towels has been a well-established tradition since the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, with characteristic details in the form of fancy flowers. One of the reasons for the levelling of the sacred and magical load of the Tree-Flower in the ornamental compositions of modern clothing brands can be considered a tendency to generally lighten the informational and philosophical content of the product following consumer tastes. Some Ukrainian designers and brands demonstrate options for models of a successful combination of folklore motifs and authentic tradition with modern fashion trends. Individual Ukrainian designers and brands demonstrate variants of models that successfully combine folklore motifs and authentic tradition with modern fashion trends. Brands recreate traditional embroidery in their own interpretation, so the variety of techniques and technologies for demonstrating embroidery has a rich potential for development.

Semiotic analysis of gender bias in news coverage of Reog Ponorogo art

The focus of this research is to analyse the semiotic meaning conceptualised by Roland Barthes, which includes denotative and connotative meanings. This also delves into the myths constructed by the media-related representation of gender switching in Jathil Dancers in Reog Ponorogo and its relationship with the Media Coverage of Gemblak. Researchers extracted data by collecting news from mass media portals that discussed Gemblak Ponorogo. The results showed that mass media significantly maintains people's views on culture and tradition. In Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis, some media employ negative language that can influence a negative view of Gemblak. The media, with its point of view, news sources, and characterisation of those in the news, can significantly affect people's perceptions, and it continues to maintain these assumptions until now.

Analysis of the Semiotic Meaning of the Procession and Offerings of the Tradition of Ruwatan for a Single Girl at Pre-wedding Ceremonies in Javanese Society from the Perspective of Islamic Religion in Pematang Tatal Village, Serdang Bedagai Regency

There is an opinion that considers that this Ruwatan tradition is a tradition of shirk people or can be said to believe in something other than Allah SWT. Problem formulation: (1). What is the traditional procession of ruwatan for a single girl? What is the semiotic meaning of the procession and offerings of the Ruwatan tradition for single girls at pre-wedding ceremonies in Javanese society, seen from an Islamic religious perspective in Pematang Tatal Village? This research is a qualitative descriptive study using a phenomenological approach. The research was carried out from October 2023 to January 2024 and was carried out in Pematang Tatal Village, Perbaungan District, Serdang Bedagai Regency. Techniques for collecting data to obtain the desired data, researchers use several methods, namely: (a). observation; (b). interview or interview; and (c) documentation. Data processing methods are: a. data check (editing); b. classification (classifying); c. verification (verifying); d. analysis (analyzing); e. conclusion (concluding). The study analyzes the semiotic meaning of various Ruwatan tradition ceremonies, including Sungkeman, Siraman, Haircut, Tirakatan, and Thanksgiving Prayer. The tradition is part of the Koran teachings for Muslims. Three opinions exist: opposition, pro, and tolerant. Opponents view it as a polytheistic Javanese custom, proponents preserve it as cultural heritage, and tolerants acculturate it to Islamic values.

Gestures In Bts Music Video Blood, Sweet, And Tears:Semiotic Approach

This study aims to analyze the semiotic meanings and to find out the types of gestures in the BTS Blood, Sweat, and Tears In theory, Roland Barthes discusses three semiotic meanings: denotative, connotative, and myth. This study uses qualitative methods to examine the substance of the meaning of the phenomenon. Researcher used books, theses, journals, and visual images taken from the BTS Blood, Sweat, and Tears music video as data sources to support analysis. The results of this study: there are 10 data where each data has one to four scenes. From the 10 data, there are types of gestures which include 6 data belonging to the illustrator gesture type, 2 data including the embellishment gesture type, and 2 data belonging to the illustrator gesture type. Of all the semiotics presented, the meaning of this music video is the story of resistance, denial, and eventually acceptance. Once cannot stand in the museum of their life forever and look longingly at the mementos of the past. The world is a place of complex relationships between light and dark, good and evil, virtuosity and sin. As we all cross the threshold of puberty we are faced with the choices that shape our lives. No one person is immune to the temptations of such a life and seeing it, understanding it for what it is, and making those choices is all we can do. No one remains untouched by the darkness.

Analisis of The Semiotic Meaning of The Poem "Gray Forest in The Forest" by Sapardi Djoko Damono

This research aims to analyze the semiotic meaning of one of Sapardi Djoko Damono's poems entitled "Gray forest in the rain." In this poem there are many meanings or symbols that are difficult for the reader to understand. Therefore, the reader analyzes this poem. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Descriptive qualitative is a method that can describe, analyze, explain, interpret, and reveal the meaning and facts of scientific logic. The stages carried out by researchers in analyzing semiotic meaning are reading and understanding the entire content of the poem. Furthermore, the signs and markers found will be analyzed using Ferdinand De Saussure's theory, because in semiotic studies Ferdinand De Saussure's theory is considered the most important to analyze the signs, symbols, symbols conveyed by the poet in his work. The result of the poem 'Gray forest in the rain' depicts silence, darkness, and deep sadness. Each stanza and line in the poem depicts sadness as if the rain is falling and the forest reveals the real silence in endless sadness. Weeping is always enveloped in all the humming that is said.

ТУРКМЕНІСТАН У ТЮРКОЛОГІЧНОМУ ДИСКУРСІ УКРАЇНИ (ЗА МАТЕРІАЛАМИ КНИГИ ҐУРБАНҐУЛИ БЕРДИМУХАМЕДОВА «ТУРКМЕНІСТАН – СЕРЦЕ ВЕЛИКОГО ШОВКОВОГО ШЛЯХУ»)

The article overviews questions of intercultural communication on the bases of text interpretation method, as they are proliferated in «Turkmenistan – the heart of great Silken way», the book by Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov. The study shows the role of the Book for contemporary Ukrainian scientific society and its profile role in the study of Turkic languages discourse in Ukraine. It accentuates on semiotic meaning as well as on scientific and practical significance, on forming the certain informational background for the world of Turkic philology in Ukraine. Topicality of the problem is defined by necessity to figure out the scope of relevant informational content for new themes in cross-cultural studies in Turkic languages paradigm in Ukraine. Having analyzed the semiotic coding for concepts, proliferated by the Silken Way, in synchronic and diachronic aspects, such as – «SITY», «CARAVANSERAI» (the center of informational and cultural exchange), «ROAD», «HOSPITALITY», «FAMILY», we postulate the idea that Great Silken Way is a determined fact and the historical «moment of truth» for Turkmenistan and a discourse segment, permitting to solve urgent questions of existence of Turkmenia nation. Practical possibility for choice and absorbing all the highly cultural, which was accumulated by humanity for the whole period of its development, esthetic realizing of dialogism become the basic cluster architectonics for mental structure of Turkmenia society. The book, to our opinion, serves to complement background knowledge of Ukrainian people about rich cultural tradition of Turkmenistan and Turkmenia people’s contribution to world epistemology of humanism. In the report, the immanent bases of Turkmenia didactic discourse are explicated, and modules of Turkmenia vital energy are proliferated. Also, it shows role of Islam in parcellation of living space categories and ancient world’s conceptualization of Turkmenia nation. In the final part of the report we show the role of the Book in the process of restoring informational vacuum in ancient Turkic civilization for Ukrainian specialists on Turkic languages. There are all grounds to confirm that, thanks to deep explication of axiological motivations of Turkmenia people, the work will become weighty source for further generations of Ukrainian specialists in Turkic philology.

Narrative and Material Tools of Resistance: Mobilizing Textile Crafts, Heritage, and Fashion in the Context of the Invasion of Ukraine (2022–2023)

In 2022–2024, textile and fashion scholars came together to write an anthology sharing a new vision of European history as seen through textiles, in the COST Action EuroWeb. During this period, the continent was still dealing with the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and was then faced with Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Contemporary European history will be markedly defined by the ongoing war in Ukraine. One remarkable aspect of this conflict is the way textiles and dress appear daily in a variety of media outlets, mobilized as visual and semiotic means to communicate issues of war and national identity, especially by Ukraine. The first material embodiment signaling Ukrainian resistance to the Russian invasion is the national blue and yellow flag. As a color-coded textile marker, in Ukraine and internationally, the flag appears at rallies in support of the nation’s efforts to defend itself. Beyond the flag, this essay offers a critical reflection on how textiles and garments are used in times of conflict as narrative tools of self-identification, to enact and express a sense of cultural belonging and resistance. Throughout history, textiles and clothes have been “auxiliary materials for weaponry as well as for protection” in the context of war. In modern history, they are also integral components of a nation’s propaganda efforts toward the local population, as well as in diplomacy and international communication. For example, leaders of the Khmer Rouge dictatorial regime in Cambodia instituted an outfit, comprised of a black cotton garb inspired by farmers working in rice fields, a red and white krama scarf, and a Chinese-style cap, to convey ideas of a uniform peasant-driven Marxist society within and outside the country. Through our daily choice of clothing, we wear a tactile manifestation of identity and values, and global citizens sympathetic to either side of the conflict can physically and materially express their political views via clothing. Textile and fashion research commonly draws from museum collections, scholarly publications, and archaeological sources. This essay also engages with multi-modal forms of personal, public, and cultural expression, such as artworks, and garments, as well as podcast interviews, social media publications, and news pieces from commercial media outlets. This diversity of sources helps us to closely document how textiles and fashion have been showcased, discussed, and reclaimed in the recent political climate. They involve a range of actors, including craft communities, activists, civilians, political personalities, and heritage experts, which illuminate the many ways of negotiating Ukraine’s current situation. In this sense, this paper does not aim to provide a comprehensive overview of Ukrainian textile cultural heritage and history, or to assess its vast diversity of regional crafts. Our perspective is not essentialist or aiming to demonstrate direct links between today and the past; rather, we observe in this paper how ‘dressing the present’ is situated in and draws from multiple ideas of a textile past of Ukraine. We attempt to observe and document, nearly in real time, from February 2022 to mid-2023, the configuration and politics of textiles and fashion in the images of war shared in the media stream, and their significance to issues of cultural heritage, nationhood, and selfhood. Identifying these major textile phenomena, which have emerged during the war, reveals shifting, enduring, and conflicting narratives about Ukrainian cultural heritage and textile material culture. They are discussed in five interconnected sections: Zelenskyy’s attire of power and folklore, the vyshyvanka shirt’s rise to prominence, the revival of embroidery in individual women’s practice, resistance through community activism, and the necessity to preserve the archaeological and historical heritage of textiles in Ukraine in the face of destruction. In the case of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, dress has become a potent communication device in mass media, for Ukrainian people and in the international community. Ukraine’s President Zelenskyy, an experienced and effective communicator, initiated this movement by using his persona and changing his attire to embody the figure of a political leader actively engaged in the defense of his country’s freedom.

Jokowi in Political Contestation Towards 2024 Presidential Election

This research aims to analyze the political attitudes and strategies of Joko Widodo (Jokowi) in political contestation towards the 2024 Presidential Election through a semiotic approach to communication. This research examines further what the caricature of Koran Tempo version of Sokongan Bapak dan Partai Tetangga means. How the leadership and policies implemented by Jokowi affect the image and support of people who are backgrounded as active presidents. This research method uses the semiotic meaning analysis of Charles Sanders Pierce.The basis of this research is the political phenomena facing Jokowi, including the dynamics of political party competition, controversial issues, and public expectations of future leadership. The analysis also explores the potential global and regional impacts on domestic politics, as well as the role of social media in shaping public opinion related to Jokowi. The research is expected to contribute to a further understanding of political dynamics in Indonesia ahead of the 2024 Presidential Election, as well as providing an in-depth view of the political strategy that can be implemented by Jokowi to gain community support and face increasingly tight political competition.

Basiacoung Traditions in Procession Marriage Traditions of the Kuok Kampar Community: Ecotourism

This research aims to describe the implementation process, meaning, and function of Basiacoung in the traditional Kuok Kampar wedding party procession. This type of research is qualitative research. Data collection techniques in this research were triangulation, interviews, observation, documentation, and literature study, while data analysis was inductive. Based on data analysis, it can be concluded that the structure, semiotic meaning, function, and values of Basiacoung in the marriage procession of the Kampar community can be identified as several important aspects. The traditional marriage procession of the Kampar community consists of the first several stages of maantau tando, Maantau tando is the initial stage of the intention to carry out the marriage contract, where the man visits the prospective bride's house. Second, pick up the groom, who is sent by the ninik mamak (the groom). Picking up the groom will be sent by the groom's ninik mamak involving clever experts from the bride's tribe, Anak mamak (bako party) of the bride or bako who is the nephew of the bride's father and Simondo people, Third Ulu bajawek, Implementation of ulu bajawek Usually it will be accompanied by a pat, where the pat is a symbol of the greatness of the ninik mamak which symbolizes that it is the handover of the groom who has been picked up by the bride at the previous time.

Towards a corpus-based approach to graphic elements in creative subtitling

Abstract This article explores how a corpus-based approach allows us to describe and analyze the multimodal complexity of graphic elements in creative subtitling. To this end, the article focuses on a YouTube channel, Apenjie with Dawang, featuring a dog and its owner. This channel’s subtitling strategies were experimental with multiple graphic elements (colors, positions, font sizes, and emojis). Informed by a social semiotic approach to multimodality, a corpus of 1,155 coupled pairs of Chinese-English subtitles was annotated for modal shifts and metafunctional shifts. Some major findings include: (a) emojis were much more likely to be added to the target subtitles for the animals than for the humans; (b) speaker-identifying graphic elements (color and position) were lost in the target subtitles, but emojis were systematically added to mark animals as the speakers; (c) the addition of emojis evoked complementary-interpersonal meanings, suggesting that the subtitlers might have prioritized audience engagement over textual fidelity; (d) although the target subtitles used fewer graphic elements, the semiotic meanings could be similar or complementary to those of the source subtitles. Based on these findings, the article also discusses the opportunities and challenges of a corpus-based approach to graphic elements in creative subtitling.