Seminal Vesiculitis Research Articles

Radiographic and ultrasonographic findings of seminal vesiculitis with nonmineral stones in a guinea pig: Case report.

This case report refers to a 1-year-old Guinea pig showing signs of anorexia and antipain posture. On abdominal radiography, five rounded mineral opaque structures were evident in the mid-caudal abdomen. On ultrasound, a right seminal vesicle with a reduction in diameter was observed, containing less echogenic material than the contralateral one, with five oval structures with a hyperechogenic contour and a central hypoechogenic area, forming acoustic shadowing. The left seminal vesicle presented with the usual characteristics. After bilateral vesiculectomy, the patient recovered well, with no further symptoms. The histopathological result was a suppurative/abscessive inflammatory process with an accumulation of proteinaceous material.

Identifying Prostatic Utricle Translucent Membrane in Hematospermia Patients Using a Novel Nomogram.

Aims/Background Hematospermia, characterized by blood in the ejaculate, is a common and distressing condition in urology. Identifying the underlying causes, including translucent membranes in the prostatic utricle, is crucial for effective management. Despite advancements in diagnostic techniques, reliable predictive tools are needed to enhance preoperative planning and patient outcomes. This study aimed to develop a novel nomogram to predict the presence of translucent membranes in the prostatic utricle of hematospermia patients. Methods In total, 284 patients were selected from The Second People's Hospital of Hefei database based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The cohort was divided into a training set (198 patients) and a validation set (86 patients). To identify risk factors associated with the prostatic utricle translucent membrane, multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed. The identified risk factors were then used to construct a predictive nomogram model. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated using several statistical tools: receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to assess discriminative ability, calibration curves to evaluate prediction accuracy, and decision curve analysis (DCA) to determine clinical utility. Results The findings revealed that age, duration of disease, history of seminal vesiculitis, and seminal vesicle dimensions (width, length, and thickness) were independent risk factors for the presence of a prostatic utricle translucent membrane in patients with hematospermia. Using these variables, a nomogram was developed. The nomogram demonstrated strong predictive capability, as evidenced by its performance in ROC and calibration curve analyses. Furthermore, the DCA indicated that the nomogram offered significant clinical net benefits in predicting the presence of a translucent membrane. Conclusion Clinical use of the developed nomogram can assist clinicians in identifying patients with hematospermia who have translucent membrane in the prostatic utricle and in developing individualized treatment.

Mapping transcriptomic profiles of seminal vesiculitis and experimental verification

Mapping transcriptomic profiles of seminal vesiculitis and experimental verification

Seminal vesiculitis in golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus): two cases (2022)

BackgroundSeminal vesiculitis is a disease characterized by inflammation of the seminal vesicles. It has been reported in stallions, bulls, rams, boars, rabbits, mice, and rats but has not been reported in golden hamsters. MethodsGolden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) with seminal vesiculitis diagnosed by histopathologic examination in a private animal hospital between February and December 2022 were eligible for inclusion. ResultsTwo golden hamsters were included in the study. Both patients presented with lethargy and hematuria. Ultrasonographic examination of the seminal vesicles showed less distinct lobulation, wall thickening, and hyperechoic fluid in one case. One patient was treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The hamster died 11 days after presentation. The other patient was treated with a seminal vesiculectomy and was euthanized 66 days after surgery due to congestive heart failure and a left atrial mass. Histopathologic examination of seminal vesicles from both patients showed dilation, transmural necrosis, and inflammation. Conclusions and clinical relevanceSeminal vesiculitis should be considered as a differential in male golden hamsters with hematuria. In the cases presented here, ultrasonography was useful to formulate a diagnostic suspicion. Treatment options require further investigation.

Detection of Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and Mycoplasma tauri in Holstein Friesian dairy cows with subclinical endometritis

Abstract Mycoplasma spp. is the cause of serious cattle health disorders that lead to poor reproductive efficiency. Chronic seminal vesiculitis, infertility, vulvovaginitis and dystocia were observed in Mycoplasma spp. infection. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the frequency o f Mycoplasmas in the uterus of postpartum dairy cows and its potential role in the occurrence of subclinical endometritis. Our study included 102 Holstein Friesian dairy cows 22-32 days postpartum. Uterine samples for cytological, bacteriological, and molecular analysis were provided using Cytoprint A I®. Metricheck® was used for the assessment of cervicovaginal mucus. After detection of Mycoplasma spp. genome in uterine samples, the swabs of the vulva, vagina, nasal swab, and samples of milk were sampled in order to exclude possible contamination with other microorganisms as potential trigger of subclinical endometritis. The genome of Mycoplasma spp. in the uterus was confirmed in 4 cows (2.40%). Sequencing of the 16S RNA revealed that detected mycoplasmas belonged to Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and Mycoplasma tauri species, with a prevalence of 1.80% and 0.6%, respectively. The cytological evaluation showed a 69.90%, 54.87% and 48.33% of polymorphonuclear cells for M. bovigenitalium positive cows, and 61.64% for M. tauri positive cow. Bacteriological examination revealed Trueperella pyogenes in uterine samples in all 4 observed cows. This is the first study where M. tauri was detected in the uterus of a live cow with subclinical enodmetritis. In this paper we hypothesized that M. bovigenitalium and M. tauri may have a certain role in the etiology of subclinical enodmetritis.

ULTRASOUND IN THE ETIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF MALE INFERTILITY: ABOUT 300 CASES AT THE FERTILIA MEDICAL CLINIC IN BAMAKO

Objectives: To describe ultrasound lesions that may explain male-type infertility. Subjects And Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study involving 300 men collected between March 2019 and March 2022 at the Fertilia medical clinic in Bamako. The study population consisted of consenting male subjects presenting for infertility. All our patients had already undergone a spermogram, they then underwent endorectal and/or suprapubic ultrasound. Results: 300 patients were recruited in our study. The mean age was 37 years, with extremes ranging from 25 to 62 years. 136 patients (45.33%) were aged between 35 and 40. 216 patients (72%) had primary infertility. 267 patients (89%) had a sperm abnormality. 288 patients (96%) had ultrasound abnormalities. The most common pathologies were varicocele (91.66%), prostatic calcifications (3.47%), testicular calcifications (1.38%), seminal vesiculitis (1. 04%), ejaculatory duct calcifications (0.69%), unilateral cryptorchidism (0.69%), differential agenesis (0.69%), anorchidism (0.69%), epididymitis (0.69%). Conclusion:The pressing challenge in the face of male infertility is to establish an etiology in order to satisfy the couples desire to procreate. The spermogram is essential to determine the origin of the infertility, whether male or female. Ultrasound is the technique of choice for diagnosing infertility of testicular or prostato-seminal origin, and must be meticulous and well performed.

Application of seminal vesiculoscopy on the treatment of seminal vesiculitis

Objective: The development of seminal vesicle technology has greatly improved the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment of seminal vesiculitis, but its long-term efficacy and postoperative complications still need to be evaluated further.
 Patients and methods: Ninety-eight patients with seminal vesiculitis were randomly assigned to a traditional medical treatment control group (n = 49) and a seminal vesiculoscopy group (n = 49). The clinical efficacy of the two groups of patients, including blood sperm and pain, was evaluated 1 month after surgery. The maximum urine flow rate (MFR) and the average urine flow rate (AFR) were measured.
 Results: Compared with traditional medicine, seminal vesicle endoscopy has a higher clinical effect on seminal vesiculitis. Seminal vesicle therapy was more effective in reducing blood cells in patient’s semen and improving the patient’s urinary function. The seminal vesicle volume and seminal fructose were significantly improved.
 Conclusions: The efficacy of seminal vesiculoscopy for seminal vesiculitis is better than traditional medicine.

Obstrução uretral por vesiculite seminal em ovino - relato de caso

ABSTRACT We report a case of urethral obstruction due to seminal vesiculitis in a Dorper sheep, with symptoms of anuria, rectal prolapse, orchitis/epididymitis, and uroperitoneum and biochemical tests indicating severe azotemia. The animal died due to advanced azotemia, and necropsy revealed kidneys with cortical and medullary necrosis, pyelonephritis of renal calyces, hydronephrosis, ruptured and necrotic bladder, and vesicular, bulbourethral, and ampoule accessory sex glands. There was prostate hyperplasia that revealed a large amount of pus in the cross section, which was also observed bilaterally in the epididymis and right testis. Morphotintorial and biochemical analyses of bacteria obtained from microbiological culture revealed Corynebacterium sp. and Escherichia coli. Infection, hyperplasia, and abscessation of accessory sex glands caused urethral compression, resulting in an obstructive condition, similar to urolithiasis, in addition to bacteremia. Hyperplastic seminal vesiculitis, although rare, must be included among the differential diagnoses of obstructive processes in the urinary tract of sheep.

Spermatozoa-induced seminal vesiculitis in mice.

Seminal vesiculitis is a common inflammation in the male genital tract. Etiologically, microbial infection and non-infectious factors can be responsible for seminal vesiculitis. The pathogenic triggers and mechanisms underlying non-infectious seminal vesiculitis remain unclear. To demonstrate that spermatozoa can induce seminal vesiculitis in mice, which could be attributable to spermatozoa-induced innate immune responses in seminal vesicular epithelial cells. Spermatozoa from epididymis were injected into seminal vesicles at the tail of the gland. Histopathology of seminal vesicles were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Infiltration of leukocytes were identified by immunohistochemistry. Seminal vesicular epithelial cells were isolated from 5-week-old mice and cell types were detected by immunofluoresence. Western blot and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to detect protein and gene expression levels. In vivo, local injection of epididymal spermatozoa into seminal vesicles resulted in seminal vesiculitis characterized by tissue swelling and leukocyte infiltration. In vitro, spermatozoa induced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL10, and MCP1, and the activation of NF-κB in seminal vesicular epithelial cells. Spermatozoa may induce seminal vesiculitis through the activation of innate immune responses in seminal vesicular epithelial cells, which provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying non-infectious seminal vesiculitis.

Fractionated semen collection as a diagnostic tool for reproductive pathologies in stallions

The alterations found in the ejaculate of stallions, obtained through fractionated semen collection, may be used as a diagnostic tool for identifying the origin of the pathology. The occurrence of seminal vesiculitis, lacerations and urethral rents, bulbourethritis, and prostatitis may be accurately identified through the use of fractionated semen collection. However, because findings can at times be vague or misleading, if possible, one should pursue complimentary examinations for a definitive diagnosis. The clinical findings obtained through the fractionated semen collection should be reasonably interpreted by the veterinarian. Thus, we aimed to illustrate the findings obtained through fractionated semen collection in stallions with ejaculate alterations, which may allow the identification of the origin of pathological alterations.

Seminal vesiculitis in a Vietnamese pot‐bellied boar

AbstractAn 8‐month‐old Vietnamese pot‐bellied boar was presented with a 3‐week history of constipation and an enlarged scrotum. Abdominal and scrotal ultrasonography was performed to assess the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. An obstructive gastrointestinal lesion was ruled out, although a large cavitated heterogeneous mass was identified dorsal to the body of the bladder, which was consistent with the location of the seminal vesicles. Culture of a sample of preputial discharge revealed growth of four bacterial types, includingEscherichia coliandTrueperella abortisuis. Given the clinical findings, a diagnosis of seminal vesiculitis was made and antimicrobial therapy was initiated.

VESICULITE SEMINAL EM GARANHÕES

Os garanhões possuem um conjunto completo de glândulas sexuais acessórias, compostas pelas bulbouretrais, a próstata, vesículas seminais e ampolas dos ductos deferentes. Dentre as afecções que acometem essas estruturas, a vesiculite seminal é a de maior ocorrência, consistindo na colonização de uma ou ambas as vesículas por bactérias, sendo a Pseudomonas aeruginosa a mais frequente. No ejaculado é observada uma grande percentagem de neutrófilos e, eventualmente, hemácias podem estar presentes, caracterizando os quadros de piospermia e hemospermia, respectivamente. O diagnóstico definitivo é realizado por meio da endoscopia transuretral das vesículas, onde é possível visualizar o conteúdo purulento, associado à cultura bacteriana do lavado da glândula. O tratamento é desafiador, pois a antibioticoterapia apresenta baixa eficácia, com altas taxas de recidiva.

Characterization of semen collected by pharmacologically induced ejaculation from a stallion with seminal vesiculitis.

The present study compared the quality of sperm collected by artificial vagina or pharmacologically induced ejaculation from a 10-year-old thoroughbred stallion with seminal vesiculitis. The pharmacological protocol involved intravenous administration of detomidine (0.01mg/kg) and oxytocin (20IU) and successfully induced ejaculation in all attempts of semen collection. Sperm motility, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity (PMAI), reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) percentage, and bacterial profiles of fresh and cooled semen (5°C for 24hr) were evaluated. Semen obtained by the pharmacological method presented reduced seminal volume, decreased PMN percentage and superior sperm motility in cooled samples. Moreover, higher PMAI and lower ROS levels were observed in semen collected by the pharmacological method. Therefore, pharmacologically induced ejaculation is an alternative to obtain semen with minimal contamination and with sperm of superior quality and longevity from stallions with seminal vesiculitis.

Fractionated semen collection as a tool to rescue fertility in stallions with seminal vesiculitis

Treatments for seminal vesiculitis have poor outcomes in stallions; thus, the development of alternative strategies is warranted. This study aimed to evaluate fractionated semen collection as a method to restore the fertility of stallions diagnosed with seminal vesiculitis. Eighteen ejaculates from six stallions (three ejaculates/stallion) diagnosed with seminal vesiculitis were harvested in fractions, as follows: Fraction A (FA), the first two jets; Fraction B (FB), the third and fourth jets; and Fraction C (FC), the fifth and remaining jets of the ejaculate. All fractions were subject to standard semen evaluations that were performed in addition to cytology and bacterial aerobic cultures. Fractions were extended and cooled to 5 °C. As a proof of concept, 20 mares (48 estrous cycles, ∼8 cycles/stallion) were bred with 1 billion sperm from FA (cooled at 5 °C for 24 h). In our study, FA had negative bacterial cultures, absent macroscopic or microscopic abnormalities; FB had positive bacterial cultures in two stallions and presence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in all samples, but with no macroscopic abnormalities; and FC had positive bacterial cultures, purulent appearance, and the presence of degenerated PMNs, just as noted in the whole semen. Overall, post-cooling sperm motility results were superior (P < 0.05) for FA in comparison with FB and FC. First cycle pregnancy rates using FA varied from 66% to 86%. None of the non-pregnant mares developed endometritis. In conclusion, fractionated semen collection can be used to obtain semen free of contamination and to achieve satisfactory pregnancy rates from stallions with seminal vesiculitis.

Multilocus sequence typing characterizes diversity of Ureaplasma diversum strains, and intra-species variability induces different immune response profiles

BackgroundUreaplasma diversum is a pathogen found in the genital tract of cattle and associated with genital disorders such as infertility, placentitis, abortion, birth of weak calves, low sperm motility, seminal vesiculitis and epididymitis. There are few studies evaluating the genetic diversity of U. diversum strains and their influence on the immune response in cattle. Therefore, to better understand genetic relationships of the pathogenicity of U. diversum, a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme was performed to characterize the ATCC 49782 strain and another 40 isolates recovered from different Brazilian states.ResultsPrimers were designed for housekeeping genes ftsH, polC, rpL22, rpoB, valS and ureA and for virulence genes, phospholipase D (pld), triacylglycerol lipase (tgl), hemolysin (hlyA), MIB-MIP system (mib,mip), MBA (mba), VsA (VsA) and ribose transporter (tABC). PCRs were performed and the targeted gene products were purified and sequenced. Sequence types (STs), and clonal complexes (CCs) were assigned and the phylogenetic relationship was also evaluated. Thus, a total of 19 STs and 4 CCs were studied. Following the molecular analysis, six isolates of U. diversum were selected, inoculated into bovine monocyte/macrophage culture and evaluated for gene expression of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17. Differences were detected in the induction of cytokines, especially between isolates 198 and BA78, promoted inflammatory and anti-inflammatory profiles, respectively, and they also differed in virulence factors.ConclusionIt was observed that intra-species variability between isolates of U. diversum can induce variations of virulent determinants and, consequently, modulate the expression of the triggered immune response.

Does semen quality change after local treatment of seminal vesiculitis in stallions?

Inflammation of the seminal vesicle interferes with fertility and is a persistent problem that is difficult to treat. The aim of this study was to evaluate the semen quality of 5 stallions with seminal vesiculitis before and after local treatment. All stallions were endoscopically treated for seminal vesiculitis during 10 consecutive days. The glandular lumen was accessed and flushed with a Ringer Lactate solution prior to antibiotic infusion. The antibiotic was selected based on the antibiogram from bacterial culture of samples previously collected from the seminal vesicles. The kinetic parameters (total motility – TM; progressive motility – PM; and rapid sperm - RAP), plasma membrane integrity (PMI), percentage of leukocyte (LEUK) and colony forming units (CFU) of fresh semen samples were evaluated. Additionally, nitric oxide (NO) content in seminal plasma was measured. All parameters were assessed before (T0), one week after treatment (T1) and one month after therapy (T2). The sperm kinetics and plasma membrane integrity showed an improvement in T1 that didn’t last until T2. Percentage of leukocytes and CFU decreased on fresh semen and NO decreased on seminal plasma at T1 but were similar between T0 and T2. The results demonstrate that one week (T1) of local treatment leads to an improvement in sperm quality. However, this was not maintained one month (T2) after therapy, as seminal parameters at this time are similar to the pre-treatment values (T0), indicating the recurrence of the disease one month after therapy.

Real-time transrectal ultrasound-guided seminal vesiculoscopy for the treatment of patients with persistent hematospermia: A single-center, prospective, observational study.

This study aimed to describe endoscopic anatomy of the seminal tract and summarize our experience of transutricular seminal vesiculoscopy (TSV) guided by real-time transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) in managing persistent hematospermia. A total of 281 consecutive patients with persistent hematospermia who underwent TSV with or without real-time TRUS were enrolled in this single-center, prospective, observational study. The median follow-up period was 36.5 (range: 8.0–97.5) months. TSV was successfully performed in 272 (96.8%) patients. The approach of a 4.5/6 F rigid vesiculoscope entering the seminal tract was categorized into four types on the basis of endoscopic presentation of the ejaculatory duct orifice and verumontanum. Seven (2.6%), 74 (27.2%), 64 (23.5%), and 127 (46.7%) patients had Types I (through the ejaculatory duct in the urethra), II (through the ejaculatory duct in the prostatic utricle), III (transutricular fenestration through a thin membrane), and IV (real-time transrectal ultrasound-guided transutricular fenestration) approach, respectively. In patients who successfully underwent surgery, bleeding occurred in the seminal vesicle in 249 (91.5%) patients. Seminal vesiculitis, calculus in the prostatic utricle, calculus in the ejaculatory duct, calculus in the seminal vesicle, prostatic utricle cysts, and seminal vesicle cysts were observed in 213 (78.3%), 96 (35.3%), 22 (8.1%), 81 (29.8%), 25 (9.2%), and 11 (4.0%) patients, respectively. Hematospermia was alleviated or disappeared in 244 (89.7%) patients 12 months after surgery. Fifteen patients had recurrent hematospermia, and the median time to recurrence was 7.5 (range: 2.0–18.5) months. TSV guided by TRUS may contribute to successful postoperative outcomes in managing persistent hematospermia.

The management and composition of symptomatic seminal vesicle calculi: aetiological analysis and current research.

To report our experience in the diagnosis, minimally invasive treatment, and composition of seminal vesicle calculi (SVC). In the present study, we evaluated 20 patients who were admitted to our hospital from January 2013 to January 2018. All the patients were diagnosed with intractable haematospermia and SVC. The diagnosis was further confirmed by seminal vesiculoscopy. SVC were removed by basket extraction; with larger SVC fragmented by holmium laser before extraction. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy were used to determine the SVC composition. All operations were completed successfully without surgical complications. SVC were mostly composed of hydroxyapatite and protein, suggesting that they were produced by infections. Seminal vesiculoscopy is a simple, minimally invasive technique that can be used for diagnostic confirmation and treatment of seminal vesiculitis with SVC. This study improves our understanding of SVC and provides a theoretical basis for the prevention of postoperative recurrence of SVC.

Urethral cavernous hemangioma: a highly misdiagnosed disease (a case report of two patients and literature review)

BackgroundDiagnosis of urethral cavernous hemangioma (UCH) is very rare. It can be easy to misdiagnose and mistreat due to its atypical clinical manifestations and a lack of relevant knowledge. The study is to explore the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of UCH.Case presentationThe first patient was a 15-year-old male, who was admitted to the hospital for more than 1 year with repeated hematuria. UCH was diagnosed by cystoscope biopsy, and cured with local injection of pingyangmycin. The second patient was a 49-year-old male, who was admitted for repeated painless gross hematuria and intermittent urethral bleeding after penile erection for more than 20 years. The case had been misdiagnosed as seminal vesiculitis, urethritis, or prostatitis, for over 20 years, until it was diagnosed as UCH by MR examination of the penis. It was treated by injection of pingyangmycin into the hemangioma’s lumen and base. A small incision in the ventral penile area was separated from the location of the hemangioma, which was injected with pingyangmycin again. A biopsy of resected tissue further confirmed the diagnosis of UCH.ConclusionsUCH is an easily misdiagnosed disease. Intermittent painless hematuria is important characteristic of UCH. Local injection of pingyangmycin is a good option for treatment of UCH.

Seroconversion in Romanian Small Ruminant Populations Exposed at Chlamydophila Abortus and the Risk to Public Health

Chlamydophila abortus is an important pathogen of small ruminants, causing reproductive failure manifested through abortion during the last 2-3 weeks of gestation, stillbirth, or delivery of weak lambs or kids, and orchitis and seminal vesiculitis in males. Also, C. abortus is a zoonotic bacteria, involved in influenza-like illness, pneumonia and abortions sometimes with severe complications in humans. The aim of this article is to evaluate the immunological status to C. abortus of Romanian small ruminant populations, geographically isolated, whose spontaneous uncontrolled contact is excluded. This paper is also assessing the risk of humans exposure to contaminated animals and food. The immunological status of the investigatet small ruminants was evaluated using an ELISA commercial kit and the results were analysed in correlation with the history of vaccination and type of animal breeding (traditional/professional farms). According to these results, the exposure of C. abortus is still to consider in traditional breeding farms, but in professional herds the serological tools are useless to uncover the circulation of wild strains, once the immunoprofilactic programs has been implemented. The public health risk relate to the close contact with the infected sheep and goats, common event in the traditional breeding.