Semi-open Spaces Research Articles

Assessment of Ventilation Performance and Thermal Comfort in Semi-open Spaces of Naturally Ventilated Traditional Dwellings in Tai Lake Area, China

Semi-open space is a special architectural space form between indoor and outdoor, which has the functions of transition, climate regulation and energy saving. Effective use of semi-open space is an important ecological strategy in adapting to the climatic conditions of traditional dwellings in Tai Lake region of China. However, it has been shown that the hot and humid summers in the area caused discomfort for a large number of urban dwellers. Therefore, in this research, field measurements based on four environmental parameters (Ta, Tr, Va and RH) were conducted from 27 June 2023 to 7 July 2023 in three multi-courtyard traditional dwellings in the Tai Lake area to evaluate the ventilation performance and thermal comfort of the interior and semi-open spaces of the dwellings. The aim was to assess the role of semi-open space types and structures in the climate regulation of architectural spaces and their potential application in the design of modern dwellings to reduce summer discomfort. Semi-open spaces are effective in promoting natural ventilation to cool the building. This cooling effect is not due to the semi-open spaces themselves having lower temperatures. The indoor thermal environment was influenced by the outdoor climate and had a lagging effect. In addition, the ventilation performance of the semi-open space inside alley was the best, followed by the patio closest to the door.

Improvement of thermal environment in the outdoor atrium by employing the spray system

Outdoor atriums have recently been applied with increasing frequency for natural illumination, but they produce a harsh thermal environment easily in summer. Moreover, overheating of the outdoor atrium necessitates air-conditioning to moderate indoor thermal comfort. Simultaneously, the substantial heat emissions from air-conditioning outdoor units worsen the outdoor thermal environment, creating a vicious cycle. Traditional passive evaporative methods involving water and greenery, while capable of regulating the thermal environment, suffer from low evaporative efficiency and pose significant challenges. To improve thermal environment in outdoor atriums, the spray system was employed due to its high cooling efficiency, especially in open or semi-open spaces. In this study, a comparative experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of using a spray system for evaporative cooling in open outdoor spaces. Furthermore, employing high-efficiency evaporative cooling through spraying to disrupt the vicious cycle of indoor and outdoor thermal environments. The dual goals include regulating indoor and outdoor thermal conditions while also mitigating the local heat island effect. Temperature and humidity distribution within the atrium and adjacent hallways were monitored, along with the impact on air-conditioning operation consumption in neighboring offices. Results showed that the spray system significantly improved the thermal environment in the outdoor atrium, reducing the average and peak air temperatures by 0.94–2.83 °C and 2.92–5.21 °C, respectively. It also resulted in a drop in the average temperature by 0.56–1.62 °C and the peak temperature by 2.31–3.25 °C in adjacent hallways. This effectively eased the issue of overheating in these areas while raising the comfort level in adjacent office spaces. The predicted mean vote decreased from 1.46 to 0.87, indicating a significant improvement in thermal environment in neighboring offices. Furthermore, the daily energy consumption was reduced by 10.6–12.4% in neighboring offices. This study provided the valuable guidance for improving thermal environments within outdoor atrium.

On the Assessment of Wind Microclimate in a Complex Urban Environment Utilising Computational Fluid Dynamics

This paper presents an insight and key considerations for using Computation Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to simulate the Wind Microclimate in a Complex Urban Environment. The current study involved developing a local 10m height “reference” wind rose for the project site and then combining statistical meteorological data with aerodynamic information and wind comfort and wind safety criteria. Where wind speeds were found to be at undesirable wind levels at areas of interest (ground level, podium level, terraces, balconies, etc.), recommendations were made to reduce detrimental wind effects, e.g. using landscaping, porous windbreaks, canopies, etc. The criteria used in the evaluation of pedestrian-level winds surrounding the proposed development were based on the well-established “Lawson” criteria which couple the probability of exceeding winds at given statistical levels with wind speed magnitudes originally related to the Beaufort Land Scale. To take into account the influence of the immediate surrounding environment, all neighboring buildings and local topography within a diameter of almost 1,000 m around the site were included in the developed CFD model. Furthermore, all small canopies, balconies, and semi-open spaces were modeled in detail as per the provided architectural drawings. Based on a mesh sensitivity assessment, polyhedral elements were used for the entire computational domain. CFD analysis offers a comprehensive range of output including the velocity distribution in three directions and turbulence levels, allowing the identification of hot spot areas that have potentially unacceptable wind conditions for further assessment and mitigation treatments to reduce wind speed to acceptable levels. The baseline (no mitigation) scenario simulation results contributed to a better understanding of the environmental wind impact for the project at the site, enabling a targeted approach to the development of effective windbreak options This paper provides a comprehensive approach toward the establishment of a robust CFD assessment of human comfort to ensure that proposed building developments and their streetscapes create a comfortable wind environment to live and visit.

A designerly approach to a novel method for combining closed and semi-open spaces in a mid-rise office building envelope to improve energy efficiency and thermal comfort

This article introduces a new method of combining closed and semi-open spaces in a mid-rise office building. This method presented in the paper aims to improve energy efficiency and thermal comfort and emphasize the use of open spaces on all floors and in different directions. Usually, open spaces in buildings such as courtyards, balconies, atriums, and sky_court, despite their positive performance, have limitations in terms of geometry, location, enclosure, and connection with the building. However, this approach has tried to solve these limitations using a modular network in the plan production process. This approach allows the creation of open spaces with various geometries and areas on the floors. This study pays attention to the presence of semi-open space in mid-rise buildings and the creation of porosity in the volume, which reduces energy consumption and increases the comfort of employees. This article introduces an innovative approach to utilizing semi-open space on the floors of office buildings. This approach, by allocating a part of the area of each floor to semi-open space with two different parameters, i.e., “semi-open space with the most connection with the façade” and “semi-open space with the least connection with the facade,” is a framework for the design and optimal placement of the semi-open space in It offers office buildings. This research tries to generate all possible situations to achieve 40 % of open space in the building. By dividing the plan into 5 × 5 modules in the presented simulation model, 320 modules are available, and to convert 40 % of the building into semi-open space, 128 modules should be allocated for this purpose. The models simulated by Ladybug and Honeybee plugins show that in the volumes where the semi-open spaces in the building have a combination of the maximum connection with the facade and minimum connection with the facade, they perform better in energy consumption and thermal comfort. The research results show that a volume comprising closed and semi-open spaces with a suitable porosity ratio can perform best. In other words, the change in volume porosity significantly affects energy consumption and thermal comfort.

Developing a Neuroarchitecture-based User Centered Design for Elementary Schools in Tehran

Neuroarchitecture research investigates how environmental design affects the nervous system using quantitative methods. However, for user-centered design, qualitative research is equally important to actively involve users in the design process. This research aims to bridge this gap by extracting principles for user-centered design in elementary schools, emphasizing student involvement. The study utilized card-sorting and semi-structured interviews, followed by quantitative content analysis. The research involved 60 girls and 60 boys elementary school students in Tehran. The findings indicate that girl students prefer wood texture and circular forms in colorful environments, while boy students prefer square forms, neutral colors, and spacious areas. Furthermore, the results reveal that essential design elements including window features, compound forms, semi-open spaces, playgrounds, and cleanliness, crucial from students’ perspectives, were overlooked in neuroarchitecture research. This study emphasizes the significance of combining qualitative methods with neuroarchitecture research to develop user-centered school designs that consider students’ preferences and needs.

Comparison of the adaption of outdoor thermal comfort of pedestrians with face masks in semi-open spaces

Following the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, wearing masks in outdoor spaces has been strongly emphasized. However, the impacts of wearing masks on the thermal comfort of pedestrians cannot be ignored. To analyze this effect, we conducted a series of experiments with thirty subjects of the Guangzhou University. The subjects were required to walk with and without masks in different conditions and were provided with questionnaires. The subjective votes and physiological indicators of the subjects were also recorded. Physiological equivalent temperature (PET) and universal thermal climate index (UTCI) were selected for thermal comfort evaluation. The results showed that wearing masks affected the breathing and thermal sensation of the subjects. As the walking speed increased, this effect became increasingly significant. The relationships between PET/UTCI and mean thermal sensation vote with and without masks, under three walking speeds were determined. The comfort zones corresponding to PET and UTCI were narrower and the neutral values were lower for subjects with masks compared to those without masks. The walking speed of pedestrians with masks in outdoor spaces during the interim season was suggested to not exceed the upper acceptable limit of 1.63 m/s.

A penology for Europe

On 22 March 2016 Belgium suffered a severe terrorist attack on its national airport, in Zaventem, close to Brussels, and the Maelbeek metro station. Thirty-two people were killed that day. Another 340 victims, some of whom suffered particularly serious injuries, will carry the scars for the rest of their lives. Such terrorist attacks, in the heart of Europe, pose an enormous challenge, one that goes beyond the role of the police and the judiciary or questions about the design and security of open or semi-open spaces, such as markets, metro stations, concert halls, nightclubs or airports. In addition to prevention and criminal investigation, there is also the question of the appropriate response when the perpetrators or their accomplices are caught. What is an appropriate punishment in such a context, for such awful offences? How long do we need to punish? And for what purpose do we punish? In this article we offer some reflections on these questions. We argue that the question of how to respond to crime – crimes of all kinds – should not be narrowed down to how we can impose “deserved” pain or how we can reach the goals of punishment more effectively; no, we should rather broaden it to the question of how we can strengthen and affirm our values and ideals through our response. “In figuring the equations of punishment … we cannot hold the punisher constant”, as James Whitman (2003) wrote in “Harsh Justice”. Punishment is not just about the defendants in the dock: it concerns us all, it affects us all.

Assessing the impact of open and semi-open spaces in a neighborhood on social interactions

assessing the impact of open and semi-open spaces in a neighborhood on social interactions

The effect of geometry and location of balconies on single-sided natural ventilation in high-rise buildings

The demand for housing and the expansion of urbanization have increased the price of land and vertical growth of buildings, resulting in converting the courtyard and porch to balconies. Nowadays, semi-open spaces, which play a critical role in providing optimal indoor air and thermal conditions, are neglected. In addition, the area of such spaces is regarded as limited and sometimes even the balcony is eliminated, leading to improper thermal behavior and increased energy consumption, while such elements can be used for better natural ventilation of spaces and utilization of natural energy, resulting in reducing energy consumption in addition to controlling the pressure created by the wind in the case of correct design. The purpose of the current paper is to evaluate the performance of balconies on the high-rise buildings using single-sided ventilation in the harsh hot-arid climate of Hamdan in Iran, which there has not been studied already A general basic model is presented according to field studies and criteria. Field survey indicates that most of the high-rise buildings in Hamedan have single-sided natural ventilation, as well as are located on the south side, have a rectangular shape, are enclosed on three sides, and have recessed balconies. Based on the climate data of Hamedan, July is considered the hottest month of the year, during which natural ventilation should be applied. Simulation is conducted by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method and ANSYS software. Based on the results, 4.5 m width and 1.5 m depth are regarded as the best geometry of the balcony for Hamedan providing a mass flow rate up to 1.38 kg/s. In addition, the position of the balcony in the wall of the building should not be symmetrical. The usage of a balcony in the middle of the façade could provide higher ventilation rate and reduce cooling energy up to 7% compared with the base case. Through a meticulous balcony design, wind could path through the larger spaces then it is led towards the opposite window, and finally exits the building in a single-sided ventilation mode. This causes the air to flow in most of the interior spaces, leading to better ventilation than other methods.

How Does the Residential Complex Regulate Residents’ Behaviour? An Empirical Study to Identify Influential Components of Human Territoriality on Social Interaction

Although urbanisation and urban land limitations are prevalent, residential complexes are seldom discussed as a means of compartmentalising social interactions and contributing to residents’ social interactions. Due to the spatial orientation of social interactions, semi-public spaces in these buildings are unable to host residents’ interactions due to a lack of appropriate arrangements/establishment of tangible and visible objects. The influential components, however, have rarely been identified in residential complexes. To fill this gap, using the theory of human territoriality, the current study explores the influential physical components of human territorialities in semi-public spaces in four residential complexes and investigates whether a significant relationship exists between human territorialities’ physical components and social interactions. This study collected data from 264 residents of four residential complexes with different spatial configuration layouts. Pearson correlation and Spearman’s rank correlation are used to evaluate linear and monotonic relationships between study variables. The correlation between spatial configurations of physical components and residents’ interactions confirms that spatial configurations influence residents’ use of semi-public spaces. Social interaction can, therefore, be improved through green space, brightness, accessibility, and furniture in common areas. The findings prove that residential complexes with clustered arrangements have not performed well in creating social interaction due to the lack of defined spaces and territories for people, but multi-core, mixed, and linear complexes that define several open and semi-open spaces have been more successful in the amount of social interaction of residents. This study is one of the first to identify the influential components using the integration of residents’ perceptions and spatial configuration.

Analysis of Typical Layout of Apartment Buildings in Indonesia

It is important to determine typical layouts of residential buildings, even in developing countries for standardization towards a zero-carbon society. In Indonesia, housing development in cities continues rising in parallel with high urbanization rates. This study aims to determine the typical layouts of apartments in Indonesia through qualitative and quantitative building typological analyses. A hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted using the building drawing information constructed across Indonesia from 1986 to 2021. A total of 268 public apartments and 268 private apartments from several major cities were included in the datasets, respectively. As a result, six typical layouts for public apartments and thirteen typical layouts for private apartments were determined for both 1BR and 2BR units. Furthermore, four typical unit layouts from public and private apartments associated with building-scale classifications were proposed, respectively, as the base models for the current typical apartments in Indonesia. The results showed that Indonesian public apartments tended to sacrifice semi-open spaces, such as a wide corridor and an internal void space, to increase the size of units and the number of rooms. Meanwhile, most private apartments were constructed with double-loaded corridor systems without internal voids, which potentially cause poor natural ventilation. The proposed typical layouts will be useful for further building simulations as standard testing models, such as to determine the appropriate cooling techniques for low-carbon apartments.

Environmental Features of Vernacular Architecture: The Case of Cyprus

The sustainability of vernacular dwellings is closely connected with the fulfilment of the daily needs of the inhabitants, as well as the incorporation of multiple environmental features into their design. These environmental features ensure a climate responsive approach and improve the thermal performance of the dwellings. The vernacular architecture of Cyprus follows the main principles of vernacular architecture in the eastern Mediterranean region as a whole, and thus it is considered as a typical case study, suitable for in-depth investigation. The research findings presented here are an overview of systematic research carried out over the last ten years at the University of Cyprus, mainly through two multidisciplinary research programmes. Specifically, various environmental aspects were thoroughly investigated, starting from the selection and investigation of rural and urban settlements in different climatic areas (urban scale), moving to the building scale and to the selection of a representative number of vernacular dwellings for qualitative, as well as quantitative investigation. Following this, the research focuses on the different spaces within the dwellings (such as courtyards, semi-open spaces and subterranean areas), as well as on various passive strategies (such as ventilation and lighting), ending with the investigation of the thermal behaviour of the traditional building materials used for the erection of the aforementioned dwellings. The research reveals the necessity for a qualitative and quantitative assessment of vernacular architecture through a multicriteria process, and indicates a methodology that can be implemented in other similar cases especially around the Mediterranean area.

Evaluation of Satisfaction with the Built Environment of University Buildings under the Epidemic and Its Impact on Student Anxiety.

Anxiety on college campuses has increased due to the COVID-19 epidemic's profound effects on society. Much research has been conducted on how the built environment influences mental health; however, little has been undertaken on how it affects student mental health in the context of the epidemic from the architectural scale perspective of academic buildings. Based on online survey data, this study develops multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression models to investigate students' satisfaction ratings of the academic buildings' physical environments during the epidemic and how these satisfaction ratings affect students' anxiety tendencies. According to the study's findings regarding the natural exposure perspective, students who perceived the academic building's poor semi-open space view (p = 0.004, OR = 3.22) as unsatisfactory factors were more likely to show anxiety tendencies. In terms of the physical conditions, students who were dissatisfied with the noise level in the classroom (p = 0.038, OR = 0.616) and the summer heat in semi-open spaces (p = 0.031, OR = 2.38) were more likely to exhibit anxiety tendencies. Additionally, even after controlling for confusing distractions, the general satisfaction rating of the academic building's physical environments (p = 0.047, OR = 0.572) was still able to significantly and negatively affect students' anxiety tendencies. The study's findings can be used in the architectural and environmental planning of academic buildings focusing on mental health.

Urban Parks—A Catalyst for Activities! The Effect of the Perceived Characteristics of the Urban Park Environment on Children’s Physical Activity Levels

The potential of urban parks to enhance social welfare and deliver health benefits has been recognized. However, it is still unclear which landscape characteristics in urban green spaces best improve the physical activity levels of users. Little is known about the relationship between the microenvironment of urban green spaces and the physical activity of children, particularly in the context of high levels of childhood obesity. Using the self-report method, we extracted the perceived environmental characteristics of the landscape and combined this with behavior observation to obtain the level of children’s physical activity in green spaces and to explore the influence of the characteristics of green spaces on these activities. Our results show that the highest levels of activity were found in the semiopen spaces of urban parks, which mainly consist of dense vegetation and a diverse range of recreation facilities. Play facilities were most closely related to the level of intensity of children’s activities, and perceived safety was the primary social perception factor affecting their activities. In addition, perceptions of the social environment were found to play a significant intermediary role in the impact of green space on children’s physical activity. The study results are intended to promote green space planning and design updates, improve the public health level of children, and provide a basis for the construction of child-friendly cities.

ASSOCIATION OF LEARNING SPACES WITH NATURE: THE EXAMPLE OF KIRKLARELİ ZÜBEYDE HANIM KINDERGARTEN

Nature is a necessary need for everyone, so knowing, exploring and learning about nature are processes that must be acquired during childhood. Exterior and interior spaces need to be reorganized as spaces that children use and get benefit from so, they will want to learn, raise their sense of discovery, and provide them to be individuals who are self-confident. Innovative approaches are required for children to protect them, support a healthy life style, and strengthen their bond to the nature in their daily life. Therefore, access to nature through “biophilic design” is possible in terms of children’s daily lives. Supporting children’s development in the best way possible is an important start for a qualified education period. Thus, a qualified pre-school education environment is the most effective tool to provide children’s psychomotor, cognitive, and socio-emotional spaces. The aim of this study is to investigate how children can make a connection to nature during their pre-school education and determine how the interior and semi-open spaces they live in can be integrated to biophilic elements. In this context, developed a design proposal in Zübeyde Hanım Kindergarten, which is chosen as the pilot application area in Kırklareli city.

A year-long field investigation on the spatio-temporal variations of occupant's thermal comfort in Chinese traditional courtyard dwellings

Multiple researchers have proven the different thermal perceptions of occupants living in naturally ventilated dwellings. As one of the representatives of Chinese traditional dwellings, courtyard-style vernacular residence is the result of human wisdom in adapting to the natural thermal environment through architectural forms. Exploring whether such classical building form still meets the thermal comfort needs of contemporary residents can help architects generate relevant design concepts when dealing with energy-saving-oriented projects in the context of carbon neutralization and rural revitalization. A year-long follow-up investigation is conducted on a typical courtyard dwelling in Wufu Town, Fujian Province. Based on the built digital twin platform, relevant parameters were monitored by various sensors from different investigation points throughout the year. Additionally, year-round monthly thermally neutral temperatures are obtained from over 1000 Thermal Sensation Vote questionnaires. By applying the adaptive thermal comfort theoretical model, which is widely recognized in the field of thermal assessment on naturally ventilated buildings, the linear relationship between indoor neutral temperature and outdoor air temperature can be generated. According to ASHRAE Standard 55, the time-series predicted acceptable thermal comfort ranges are then calculated to evaluate the measured operative temperature. Results show no large gap between the actual temperature and the predicted acceptable range in semi-open spaces and interior spaces. With suitable optimized renovations and the application of several low-power conditioning equipment, such courtyard dwellings are still capable of providing occupants comfortable thermal environment throughout the year.

Evaluating the improvements of thermal comfort by different natural elements within courtyards in Singapore

Heat mitigating natural elements such as trees, shrubs, grass and water have been broadly studied, while their effects on semi-open spaces have been almost ignored. This paper aims at measuring and comparing the heat mitigating effects of four natural elements in Singaporean courtyards. Four typical courtyard scenarios (each featuring a natural element) are simulated in Envi-met and a comprehensive analysis of air temperature, mean radiant temperature, wind velocity and relative humidity is done to clarify the respective advantages of each natural elements. Daily variation of climate indicators reveal that swimming pools and grass have similar effects on air temperature, mean radiant temperature, wind velocity, relative humidity, and on Physiological Equivalent Temperature, with their differences only being 0.1 °C, 0.3 °C, 0.1 m/s, 0.3%, and 0.3 °C, respectively. Compared with grass, trees do slightly reduce wind velocity by 0.1 m/s, still they significantly reduced the daily Physiological Equivalent Temperature by 2.1 °C. Fountains are better at reducing air temperature by 2.1 °C, compared with swimming pools, but because they also increase relative humidity by 12.8%, they end up performing not so differently from swimming ponds and grass in terms of Physiological Equivalent Temperature.

Impact of Urban Compactness, Architectural Form and Climatic Considerations: an Analysis in Traditional Islamic Buildings

The special metropolitan texture of Islamic urban areas mirrored its social, political construction which was reflected in the architectural forms organized along the central avenue with the city’s mosques, Madrasahs, Sabils, and Bimaristans, worked as the public substance of the city and had their own particular arrangement of rules and guidelines. This was strongly echoed in the trademark design of the age, set inside a well-weave metropolitan texture of human extents a cityscape that served to enhance the central core of the Islamic cities. This paper reviews literature on the traditional Islamic city’s urban surroundings, architectural form, socio-cultural and climatic factors that influenced the formation of such unique Islamic Buildings, where these factors helped to shape the engineering styles and utilization of spaces inside traditional Muslim public buildings, especially the application of microclimatic modifiers such as open courtyards in Islamic houses, where in the middle age metropolitan places of Islamic urban areas were envisioned to make positive microclimatic conditions in their inside such as water fountains, Planted trees, Malqafs, Mashrabiyyahs, Semi open spaces, and Iwans. Consciousness of the multifactorial nature of the impacts on the Muslim view of houses and the utilization of spaces is essential for building planners, architects, and developers to be appropriately prepared to address the issues of customers. By offering alternatives for whatever is lowering people’s quality of life or efficiency. This research should contribute to Saudi Arabia’s 2030 Vision, which aims to implement more successful Sustainability ideas as those previously used in traditional Islamic cities.

Effect of outdoor thermal comfort condition on visit of tourists in historical urban plazas of Sevilla and Madrid.

The tourism plays a significant role in economics and development of any country through revenue generation from multiple sources. Spain has been tourist place and host million foreign tourist. The tourism is highly depended on climate and thermal comfortness of the visiting place. This present research aimed to analyze the outdoor thermal comfort conditions in microclimates of the urban ancient plazas of the two important cities of Spain, namely Sevilla and Madrid on a hot humid stress day of the year. The microclimatic measurement, questionnaire survey, and simulation results were examined to evaluate the thermal comfort condition of six different urban plazas in Sevilla and Madrid to distinguish the supreme time to visit each ancient site. The results have suggested that the outdoor thermal comfort range for the tourist in the historical plazas of Sevilla and Madrid varies from 28.42 to 30.87 °C and 24.5 to 29.82 °C in the hot summer. Despite the high heat stress condition, the result of questionnaires survey shows that about 38.11% and 28.09% of tourists in Sevilla and Madrid, respectively, were satisfied with the thermal conditions. As witnessed from the result of the Envi-met simulation, Plaza de Santa Ana of Madrid and Plaza Nueva of Sevilla is the best place for visitors in the early morning hours. Additionally, during the peak hours, the thermal comfort of Alameda de Hercules of Sevilla and Plaza de Santa Ana of Madrid is the most suitable historical places for visitors, whereas in the evening hours, Plaza Nueva of Sevilla and Plaza de Mayor of Madrid with wider semi-open spaces and relatively suitable vegetation bring more favorable conditions for visitors. The comparison of the simulation result with the questionnaire reveals that the urban plazas with relatively high thermal stresses have a higher rate of thermal dissatisfaction.

Yarı Açık Mekânlarda İşitsel Peyzaj Algısının Diyarbakır Ulu Cami Avlusunda Değerlendirilmesi

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the soundscape perception of semi-open spaces. In this context, it is aimed to define the soundscape of the courtyard of the Diyarbakır Great Mosque, which is considered one of the symbols of Diyarbakır and known as the 5th Harem-i Şerif among Muslims, and to contribute to the studies in this field. In order to determine the soundscape perception of the users, the questionnaires prepared with reference to BS ISO 12913 standards were evaluated with Frequency Analysis. In the summer period, a questionnaire was applied to a total of 62 participants, 32 women and 30 men, in the courtyard. As a result of the study, the soundscape of the courtyard was defined and the expectations of the users for the sound environment were evaluated. With these evaluations, it has been suggested to use and/or increase the sound sources with high satisfaction level in the courtyard. In addition, disturbing sound sources in the environment were identified and solutions were developed.