Usage Of Semen Research Articles

Komputerisasi Pencatatan dan Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Inseminasi Buatan di Kabupaten 50 Kota

While it is not enough done in manual manner, recording is an important point to control the artificial insemination (AI) management. Then, there was an idea to carry out an arrangement of computerized AI recording and evaluation system. Its aim is to produce computer software in on-line system basis. Then it is useful in recording and evaluation of AI performance in 50 Kota district, West Sumatra as well as in decision support system. This survey and experiment combination methods used two questioners for two inseminators and four the Animal extension service officers. Secondary data were also collected from 50 Kota Animal extension services. Experiment used computers software of programming web (HTML and PHP) and database phpMyAdmin (MySQL). Variables consisted of several card, namely; (1) AI activity card, (2) pregnant inspection and infertility card, (3) Semen usage and liquid N2 stock card, (4) AI calving card which could be demonstrated by service/ conception (S/C), conception rate (CR) and calving rate indicators. The result showed that there was computer software in recording and evaluation of AI performance available for 50 Kota district. This system did recording of AI in a faster, valid, easy and qualified manner. After a local verification trial, a qualified system had been proved by using AI manual calculation comparison. Thus, this system will be more effective and efficient in AI recording and evaluation.

Rectally Guided or Hysteroscopic Insemination: Is there a difference?

The increasing use of frozen semen, the high cost of a dose of semen from some stallions, and the inability of some stallions to cope with their demand has triggered an incentive to reduce the number of spermatozoa from the traditional 500 PMS to significantly lower numbers per insemination. Two techniques have been described to deposit low sperm numbers in the uterus. Although experimental results have been reported for the rectally guided deep horn insemination (RGDHI) and endoscopic deep horn insemination (EDHI) techniques, little information is available in clinical settings with respect to the results of either method. This article reports on a comparison of the rectally guided insemination and hysteroscopic techniques in a clinical setting over three breeding seasons. Semen frozen in 0.5-mL straws and concentrations of 40 to 200 million per straw was available from 88 stallions whose fertility with frozen semen ranged between 0% and 100%. Of the 2544 inseminations performed 1279 were done by RGDHI, which resulted in a 43% seasonal pregnancy rate compared with 45% for the 1265 inseminations using the EDHI technique. There was an overall, but nonsignificant, advantage for the EDHI technique over the RGDHI and semen usage was slightly lower when using the EDHI procedure. There was no difference in fertility among breeding seasons for either technique. However, fertility of some stallions was increased by increasing the sperm numbers in the inseminates. From these data and results from others, it is evident that lower sperm numbers deposited by rectally guiding a flexible pipette to the tip of the horn or by using an endoscope to deliver the semen will result in acceptable pregnancy rates with frozen semen in commercial settings.

Pregnancy rates and semen usage in rectally guided and endoscopic inseminations

Reducing sperm numbers in the inseminate increases the number of mares bred per ejaculate, maximizes the use of frozen semen from dead stallions, increases the fertility of some stallions with sub-optimal semen quality, aids in the use of epididymal sperm harvested from dead stallions and reduces the incidence of post-breeding endometritis in mares with delayed uterine clearance. Two techniques have been used for reducing sperm numbers in the inseminate: (1) rectally guided insemination (RGI) and (2) hysteroscopic insemination (HI). The objective of this study was to analyze frozen semen data from three breeding seasons in a large commercial farm in order to compare the two insemination techniques, RGI or HI. Semen frozen in 0.5-ml straws and concentrations of 50 to 150× 106 per straw was available from 88 stallions whose fertility with frozen semen was between 0 and 100%; 2544 inseminations were performed. Fertility was assessed by embryo recovery on days 7 or 8 post ovulation in 48% of the mares or by the ultrasonographic presence of an embryonic vesicle at 14 days post insemination in 51% of the mares. RGI (n= 1279) resulted in 43% fertility rate and 5.1 straws/pregnancy. Fertility of the mares bred by the HI technique was 45%. Although there was a consistent advantage across years for the HI technique over the RGI, the difference was not statistically significant (p> 0.05). However, there was a significant difference (p< 0.05) in the number of straws used per cycle 2.2 and 1.4 for RGI and HI respectively resulting in a significant reduction in the number of straws required to establish a pregnancy 5.1 vs 3.1 straws/preg for RGI and HI respectively). Although it would appear that the HI results in a higher fertility and requires approximately 40% less semen to establish a pregnancy than the RGI technique, it is difficult to justify the routine use of HI considering the additional expense in personnel and equipment needed to conduct the procedure. Our results indicate that although there is a slight and consistent advantage of the HI technique, veterinarians must weigh the advantages and disadvantages as well as semen availability before deciding what technique to use. However, if the volume is ≤250 l, it is strongly suggested to deposit the semen by HI. The results of this analysis agree with previous reports in which the HI resulted in a 4% increase in fertility compared to the RGI procedure. In conclusion, the two techniques described in the present study are comparable and can result in the establishment of pregnancies on a commercial basis. It is clear that the two techniques are a viable option to maximize the use of frozen semen, and with proper equipment, technique and skills the hysteroscopic insemination technique further maximizes the use of semen. This could prove to be economically beneficial when using semen of very valuable or deceased stallions.

Daughter performance based buffalo bull ranking for boosting milk production in Pakistan

The first lactation milk yield records of 2329 daughters of 180 bulls, (11 batches) during 1983-2005 were used in this study. BLUP breeding values for male and female were computed using DFREML. The fixed effects like herd-year-season and batch number of bulls had significant effect on milk yield as determined by HARVEY Model-1. In addition to these fixed effects, age at first calving was included in the model as covariate to estimate the BLUP breeding values (EBV) for milk yield. The year-wise least square means of milk yield for Nili Ravi buffaloes showed a sharp increase from 1984 to 1989 and then a significant yearly variation with the slight decrease in overall milk production under field conditions at private farmers door step. Among these candidate bulls 92 bulls were positive for milk yield EBV. The overall milk production was (Mean±S.E) 2481.82±493.33 Kg. The heritability of milk yield was 0.15. There is wide variation over the years making the over all regression line (Y = - 146944 ² 74.349X) for milk yield negative. This emphasizes to review the policy of semen usage and production of candidate young bulls for future generations. Recently born male calves had better breeding values showing the positive regressionline ( Y = 142.77 ² 22.065X).

Fertility of heifers and suckled cows inseminated at predetermined intervals after treatment with prostaglandin F2α

SUMMARYHeifers and suckled cows in 34 herds were included in a field trial using prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) to control ovulation. Oestrus was induced by two intramuscular injections of PGF2α 10–12 days apart in 592 animals. Of these, 264 were inseminated once at 80 h and 328 were inseminated twice, at 70 and 88 h, after the second injection of PGF2α. Pregnanoy was confirmed by palpation or by calving without further insemination. After adjustment for independent sources of variation in fertility, estimated true pregnancy rates were 59·6 ± 3·0% for cattle inseminated once, and 61·3 ± 2·7% for those inseminated twice at one oestrus, compared with 66·4 ± 3·2% for 220 animals allowed to cycle normally in the same herds (controls).In a sub-sample of 538 animals, semen usage was 15% higher for the treated group inseminated once and 107% higher for the group inseminated twice, than for the controls. The breeding season extended over about 80 days for the control groups, and about 30 days for the treated groups.No side effects attributable to prostaglandin were observed among the treated cattle.