Semen Color Research Articles

Study the Different Antioxidants Effects on Serum Quality in Dogs

Dogs frequently have subfertility linked to poor semen quality (high percentage of morphologically defective spermatozoa, low rate of gradual mobility and total number of sperm .To examine the anti-oxidative effect of various concentratuons of NAC on cryopreservation in dogs sperm.The animals are divided into three groups: C0, C1 and C2. C0 receives the 0mM NAC, C1 receives 0.35mM and C2 receives 0.85mM. The physical characteristics studied of the spêrm include ejaculated volume, semen color, motility of sperms, percentage of dead sperms and abnormal sperms. After physical evaluation, the samples are diluted with Tri’s diluter. The tris diluter is egg-yolk glycerol. The samples are then cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen (-196 C) from October to December. A total of 50 samples are calculated and prepared for freezing in the following way:The motility of sperm is high for 0.35mM dose of NAC, and not very different in the control group and 0.85mM NAC group. The motility is significantly different for 0.35NAC as compared to the other two groups. The p-value (< 0.05) shows the significant difference between the motility of 0.35 NAC and other groups. The sperm viability is highest in the 0.35mM NAC group (30.34). The viability of sperm is highest at 0.85mM. The membrane integrity is highest in 0.35mM NAC, while lowest in the control group( p<0.05).In conclusion, dogs sperm cells can be shielded from oxidative stress by using moderate dosages of NAC supplied in Tris extender without negatively affecting dog semen's ability to freeze.

Genetic Selection Approach for Semen Characteristics in Thai Native Grandparent Roosters (Pradu Hang Dum) Using Random Regression Test-Day Models and Selection Indices.

The aim of this study was to analyze suitable genetic models and selection indices to estimate the genetic parameters and breeding values of native Thai roosters. A total of 3475 records of seven semen traits (mass movement, semen pH, semen color, volume, sperm viability, sperm abnormalities, and sperm concentration) from 242 Thai native grandparent roosters were analyzed. Multiple-trait random regression test-day models with five covariance functions were used to analyze the variance components, genetic parameters, and breeding values. The selection index (SI) was calculated to determine the optimal genetic value for different selection percentages. The results showed that a multiple-trait random regression test-day model with a second-order Legendre polynomial function was the most appropriate genetic model for this population. The estimated heritability values were low to moderate, ranging from 0.110 to 0.112 (mass movement), 0.040 to 0.051 (semen pH), 0.092 to 0.097 (semen color), 0.220 to 0.225 (semen volume), 0.067 to 0.083 (sperm viability), 0.086 to 0.099 (sperm abnormalities), and 0.134 to 0.138 (sperm concentration). The repeatability values exceeded the heritability values and were within the range of 0.133 to 0.688. The genetic correlations among semen traits ranged from -0.332 to 0.677, and phenotypic correlations ranged from -0.260 to 0.460. When considering heritability and genetic correlation values, semen volume, sperm concentration, and mass movement were the top three priority semen traits calculated as selection indices. Finally, the top 10% of the selection index was recommended for creating the next generation. Our findings provide useful information on genetic parameters and an appropriate selection index of semen traits for selecting the genetics of individual Thai native grandparent roosters. The heritability estimates for semen traits reported here suggest an adequate response to selection through a genetic evaluation approach. Our results indicate that it is possible to select grandparent roosters with better reproductive performance.

Seasonal variation of semen quality among the three genotypes of native chicken

The study, conducted at the Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, aimed to assess semen quality and characteristics in three types of indigenous cocks and explore seasonal variations. Ninety bird samples from three genotypes, namely non-descript Deshi (ND), Hilly (HI), and Naked Neck (NN), were used in this research. A total of 548 semen samples were collected to evaluate the color, volume, consistency, and transparency of semen in different seasons. Semen collection was performed using an abdominal massage technique, and volume was measured with a tuberculin syringe. For determining microscopic physical and morphological characteristics, computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) software was used. Results showed that among three types of indigenous cocks, semen quality differed (p < 0.001) from season to season. Semen quality was comparatively good for ND in the autumn season, for HI in the summer season, and for NN in the spring season. The highest semen volume (0.318 ± 0.010 ml) was recorded in the summer season, and the lowest semen volume (0.218 ± 0.008 ml) was recorded in the spring season. Genotype had a significant (p < 0.01) effect on semen volume, and the effect of semen and genotype interaction on semen volume was non-significant (p > 0.05). The sperm concentration was higher in NN compared to ND and HI. The percentages of static, bent tail, coiled tail, DMR, distal droplet, and proximal droplet were comparatively higher in the HI and NN genotypes. The color, consistency, and volume of semen were affected by genotype and season.

Effect of Genetic and Non-genetic Factors on Semen Quality Traits in Bovine Breeding Bulls

Background: A breeding bull is used to serve many females; therefore, for overall herd fertility, the bull's fertility is more important than female fertility. Methods: The present study was carried out to compare the effects of species, season, period, and interaction between species and season on the semen quality traits of Murrah buffalo and crossbred cattle bulls. For the 25-year study period, a total of 26205 ejaculation records of 389 bovine breeding bulls, including Murrah buffalo and crossbred cattle bulls, were analysed that were maintained at an organised farm. Result: Species and period of semen collection had a highly significant effect on all the traits (P less than 0.01). Season of semen collection and interaction between season and species had a highly significant effect (P less than 0.01) on semen volume (SV), consistency, mass activity (MA), total sperm count (TSC), initial motility (IM) and post-thaw motility (PTM), a significant effect (P less than 0.05) on age at first semen collection (AFSC) and non-significant effect on the semen colour and age at first semen freezing (AFSF). Overall, semen quality was good at the organised farm during all seasons. In bovine breeding bulls, PTM during the rainy and summer seasons was comparatively low. An overall increase in semen quality in the later periods showed progressive improvement in management at the organised farm over the period.

Production Performance and Sperm Characteristics of Quail (Coturnix-coturnix japonica) with Different Concentrations of Yolk Immunoglobulin

Quails are classified according to their immunity to different IgY concentrations. Quail IgY concentrations range from 0 to 1200 µg ml-1, and these IgY concentrations may affect production and reproductive performance. This study aimed to analyze IgY concentrations in male quail and to compare production and reproductive performance at different IgY concentrations. Forty-two male quail at five weeks of age participated in the study, including 29 quail with low IgY concentration (210-393 µg ml-1)  and, 13 with intermediate IgY concentration (403-564 µg ml-1). The observed productive performances were feed intake, initial body weight, final body weight, weight gain, feed conversion, morbidity, and mortality. In addition, this study observed testicular weight and macroscopic and microscopic semen quality for reproductive traits. Differences in production and reproductive performance of each group were analyzed using an independent-sample t-test. The result showed that male quail with different IgY concentrations were equal in all productive traits (P0.05). This means that male quail with low IgY and medium IgY concentrations are equally good. Testicular weight, semen color and pH were identical at different IgY concentrations. Quails with low IgY concentrations have better sperm consistency, which is related to the weight of the testes, which are heavier in quails with low IgY concentrations than in those with moderate IgY concentrations. This consistency is related to the concentration of sperm in the semen. The result concludes IgY concentrations in male quail did not affect production performance. Quails with low IgY concentration had thicker sperm consistency and higher sperm concentration.

Effect of different concentrations of green tea on Cryopreservation of German Shepherd dog

To investigate the Effect of adding different concentrations of green tea extract as an antioxidant on specific physical semen characteristics of German Shepherd dogs during various steps of frozen semen processing this study was carried out. A total (of 20) good Ejaculate semen samples were collected in a plastic bag from German Shepherd dogs aged 3-4 yearsIn different locations (dog breeding).To achieve the current study's main objectives, two experiments were designed through periods extended from the beginning of December 2021 until the end of May 2022. The investigations included studying the physical properties of raw Semen (ejaculate volume, semen color, consistency, motility percentage, progressive motility percentage, dead sperm percentage, sperm abnormalities percentage, and hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST). After that, semen samples were diluted with Tris supplemented with antioxidants. The physical properties of Semen were followed after cooling and after freezing (post-thawing). In the experiment, ten ejaculates were collected. Dilution of Semen was performed with Tris supplemented with two T1, T2, and T3) were cooled slowly up to 5C and equilibrated, packed into 0.5 ml straws, and put in vapor nitrogen (-196C) for 5-10 minutes after that, stored for 48and 72 hr in liquid Nitrogen (-196C). Progressive motility percentage, dead sperm percentage, sperm abnormalities percentage, and hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) were evaluated after cooling and post-thawing (Submerging the straws in the water bath at 37C for 30 seconds). It can be concluded from the present study that adding green tea extract as an antioxidant to the semen extender improves the ability to freeze, especially in the treatment T3 (0.01 mg/5 ml) and the T2 (0.05 mg/5 ml). This additive can decrease the negative Effect of freezing in liquid Nitrogen compared to the control group.

Determining the Fertility Characteristics of Iraqi Local Chickens by Studying the Variance in the Characteristics of Semen

The Iraqi local chicken is national wealth, so it is necessary to work on increasing knowledge of its fertilization capabilities. The current research aims to identify the local breeds that have fertility characteristics by studying the variance in semen quality and comparing it with some characteristics of the semen of other local breeds. Replicates of white breeds W, Black B, and striped BW were adopted at 60 weeks of age. Semen values according to the characteristics of colour, the volume of semen, number and concentration of sperm, percentage of abnormalities, live and dead sperm, and individual and collective motility. Semen colour for all breeds was pearly white, and there had been no big differences in the characteristics of semen size, sperm count, concentration, individual and collective motility, and percentage of dead sperm. While, the white and striped breeds significantly outperformed the black breed (P≤0.05) in the proportion of stay sperms. Black breed significantly outperformed the rest of the study breeds in the percentage of sperm abnormalities, as it turned out that the study breeds had good fertility characteristics compared to other local breeds.

INFLUENCES OF FEED AND SEASON ON BREED AND REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS IN WEST AFRICAN DWARF AND SAHEL BUCKS IN TARABA STATE

The study evaluated the influence of feed on the reproductive parameters of West African Dwarf and Sahel goats at theTeaching and Research farm of the Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State. A total of 8 bucks from two goats breeds (West African Dwarf and Sahel) were used for the experiment. The 8 bucks were later moved to Vom, for semen collection, using electro-ejaculator. The study lasted for 12 calendar months. They were fed Gmelina and cassava peel meal, Gmelina and cowpea husk, Ficus and cassava peel meal and, Ficus and cowpea husk as experimental treatments (T1-T4), respectively. Goats according to breed were allotted to treatments randomly and treated as factorial experiments. Season had significant (P<0.01) influence on buck parameters (scrotal length and semen qualities). The overall samples collected was 192 on both the breeds on the following parameters; scrotal circumference, semen volume, semen pH, sperm concentration, sperm motility and live cells and the results were 11.91cm, 0.47ml, 6.78ph, 414.92x106, 83.02% and 92.33% respectively. The result was significant for breed, season and treatment for all parameters except live and dead cells for breeds and treatment. Feeding Ficus containing diets resulted in higher semen quality values. Also, semen colour using likert scale was analyzed which resulted to three types of colour (creamy, milky and watery). The colour was evaluated under based on breed, seasons and treatment diets (feeds). The overall results show insignificant differences for all the parameters (feeds, seasons, breeds and reproductive traits) observed.

Impact of Aging on Sperm Quality of Sentul Roosters

This study was done to determine impact of aging on sperm quality of Sentul roosters. Materials used in this study were Sentul males aged 48, 58, 68 and 78 weeks, NaCl, eosin and aquades. Semen was collected by abdominal massage method. Completely randomized design (CRD) was applied in this study with 4 treatments in 5 repetitions. Statistical analysis showed that increasing age of rooster had a very significant effect (p0.01) on decreasing semen consistency, mass motility, spermatozoa concentration and increasing spermatozoa motility. Aging in Sentul roosters affected semen volume significantly (P0.05) but did not significantly affect (p0.05): semen pH, live spermatozoa, and spermatozoa abnormalities. Average volume of semen produced in this study ranged from 0.54-0.88ml; semen pH 6.80-7.12; mass movement score 1.60-3.00; spermatozoa concentration 2.76-4.86 x109/ml; spermatozoa motility 66-79%; Live spermatozoa 91.75-93.10%, and spermatozoa abnormalities 1.75-2.51%. Semen from Sentul males aged 48-68 weeks had a thick consistency and cloudy white in color. At the age of 78 weeks, the consistency varies from thick, medium and liquid. The color of semen in Sentul males aged 78 weeks also varied from clear white to cream. It is concluded that aging in Sentul roosters causes reproductive disorders which are characterized by low sperm quality. The best quality spermatozoa were produced by Sentul roosters aged 58-68 weeks.

Effect of Vernonia amygdalina leaf meal on the reproductive indices of male rabbits

Abstract The study evaluated the effect of Vernonia amygdalina leaf meal on semen indices, serum testosterone and sperm reserve of male rabbits. Forty rabbit bucks were randomly assigned into four groups and fed the experimental diets containing Vernonia amygdalina (VLM) at 0, 5, 10 and 15 % levels for 84days. Reproductive indices were evaluated using standard procedures. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance at p<0.05. All semen in rabbits fed 0, 5 and 10 % VLM had milky colour while 14.8% light green and 85.2% milky semen colour was observed in bucks fed 15%VLM. Libido score reduced in rabbits fed VLM diets. Bucks fed 15%VLM had significantly higher semen volume (0.47ml). VLM had no significant effect on spermatozoa mass motility, progressive motility and sperm concentration. Live sperm cells significantly increased in bucks fed 5 and 10% VLM diets. VLM had significant (p<0.05) effect on spermatozoa morphology. Vernonia amygdalina leaf meal had no significant (p<0.05) impact on testosterone, testicular and epididymal indices. In conclusion, up to 10%VLM can be adopted as feed ingredient for male rabbit breeder stock without deleterious effect on reproductive indices.

Role of Kushmand Paak in treating Male Infertility

ABSTRACT:
 Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of Ayurvedic herbal drug combination as a good and effective ability treatment on sperm production without any side effects on prolonged use.
 Materials & methods: It was a self-control clinical trial study. In this study, we enrolled 40 patients having complaints of infertility. of age 25-40 years married for not less than 3 years. All these participants were advised to take 30 g of Kushmand Pak after mid meals with a cup of warm milk for 3 months. Sperm count, semen color, viscosity, and state were recorded before starting the treatment and after 3 months of completion of treatment.
 Results: It was observed that ‘Kushmand Pak’ was accepted by all with no complaints about any side effects. Viable, active, and morphologically perfect sperm count was also increased to a significant level.
 Conclusion: Kushmand Pak can be used to improve sperm count without any side effects on prolonged use.
 Keywords: Male infertility, herbal drugs, Kushmand Pak

Perbaikan Kualitas Semen Ayam Kampung Melalui Peningkatan Energi Metabolisme Pakan

This study was intended to obtain feed with the best energy level to improve the quality of native chicken semen. This study is a biological study with 4 levels of metabolic energy (2700; 2750; 2800 and 2850 kcal/kg) using a completely randomized design (CRD) where each treatment was repeated 5 times. Each treatment used 1 native male chicken that was 80 weeks old and in good health. Increasing energy level in feed significantly (p<0.05) increased semen volume; very significant (p<0.01) improved color and increased semen consistency; but not significant (p>0.05) the effect on semen pH. The average volume of semen obtained ranged from 0.45-1.30ml; semen color score 2.25-3.00; semen consistency score 2.25-3.00 and semen pH 7.83-8.50. Increasing the energy level in the feed can improve the quality of native chicken semen. The best feed to improve the quality of native chicken semen is feed with a metabolic energy of 2850 kcal/kg.

An easy, safe, and practical method for semen collection in dromedary camels

In the current study, we have developed an easy, practical, and reliable method to collect semen from camel bulls. Simply, intromission ofa super-sensitive artificial insemination glove intravaginally with an outer fixation in the perineal region from lateral and dorsal sides of thevulva, mating, glove withdrawal and semen collection were the successive steps. Bull behaviour before and during the mating process wasobserved. The collected semen was evaluated in aspects of semen colour, volume and sperm cell concentration. Also, individual spermmotility and semen fertility by applying in-vitro fertilization were investigated after semen dilution in a new developed extender for camelsemen (100 mmol/l Tris, 65 mmol/l lactose, 50 mmol/l glucose, 40 mmol/l galactose, 125 mg/100ml BSA, 50 IU/ml catalase enzyme,1000 IU/ml penicillin G and 500µg/ml streptomycin: pH 7.0). Presence of the intravaginal glove and its fixation by the external adhesivetape did not affect the bull willingness and did not interrupt the mating process. Semen collection was successful in 112 out of total128 trials (87.5%) and the lengthy copulation was (10.3 ± 6.2 min - Mean ± SD). Mean parameters of the collected ejaculates were:volume of 8.3 ± 3.6 ml (Mean ± SD); sperm cell concentration of 437.6 ± 62.4 X 106 (Mean ± SD) sperm/ml; and sperm individualmotility after liquefaction for 45 min was 68.2 ± 11.4 % (Mean ± SD). Semen was grayish white to creamy white in colour dependingon sperm cell concentration. Finally, using of the collected diluted semen in IVF technique showed cleaved, morula and blastocyst rates66.1%, 43.5% and 25.8%, respectively. In conclusion, using of intravaginal super-sensitive AI gloves is a practical technique for semencollection and will facilitate the application of the new reproductive technologies on a large scale in dromedary camels.Keywords: Semen collection, Camel, In-vitro fertilization

Synergistic Effect of Moringa Leaf Extract (Moringa Oleifera Lam) and Purwoceng (Pimpinella alpine Molk) Supplementation on the Quality of Rural Chicken Semen

This study was conducted to examine the synergistic effects of moringa oleifera and purwoceng (Pimpinella alpine molk) supplementation on the quality of chicken semen. In this study used roosters aged about 1 year weighing an average of 2.0 kg as much as 18 tails divided into 6 treatments, each 3 repeats, each repeat consists of 1 tail. The first group of chickens were used as controls, not given treatment, only given basal feed (T0). The second group of chickens were given moringa leaf extract as much as 1 gram / liter of drinking water (T1), chicken group 3 was given purwoceng extract as much as 1 gram / liter of drinking water (T2). Furthermore, chickens in group 4 (T3) were given moringa leaf extract supplements of 250 mg / liter of drinking water and 750 mg / liter per head per day and the 5th group (T4) were given moringa extract supplements as much as 500 mg / liter of drinking water and purwoceng 500 mg / L of drinking water ml every day (T5). The last group (T6) supplemented moringa leaf extract of 750 mg/L of drinking water and purwoceng of 250 mg/l of drinking water. Basal food in this study used BR-1 chicken feed produced by PT. Charoen Pokphand. As a pre-treatment adjustment the chicken is maintained 1 week with basal feed. Furthermore, chickens began to be treated by supplementation of moringa leaves, purwoceng and the mixture. On the 7th day after treatment, semen begins to be taken and tested. Semen collection is done every 3 days with the amount of 3 times the taking. The observed variables were semen volume per ejaculation, ejaculatory spermatozoa count (cells/ml), percentage of living sperm, motility, mass movement, color, viscosity and pH of semen. Results from semen volume and sperm count, motility and percentage of living sperm were analyzed with variance analysis using the spss series 25 program, while viscosity, color and pH were reported in a descriptive manner. From the results of observations it can be concluded that the synergistic effect between moringa leaf extract and purwoceng extract only occurs in the increase in the concentration of spermatozoa, but does not occur in other fractions. Supplementation of moringa leaf extract and its combination with purwoceng extract can increase the production and quality of chicken semen, but the influence of moringa leaf extract is more dominant than purwoceng extract. Keywords: Rural Chicken, Moringa oleifera, purwoceng (Pimpinella alpine Molk, semen quality

Peningkatan Produksi Semen Ayam Kampung Melalui Suplementasi Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera)

Rural chickens are widely developed by artificial insemination methods, so good quality semen is needed so that fertility and hatching eggs are high. Moringa is famous as a "miracle" plant that contains high and complete nutrients. This study was conducted to examine the effects of moringa oleifera supplementation on chicken semen production. In this study used roosters aged about 1 year weighing an average of 2.0 kg as much as 15 tails divided into 5 treatments, each 3 repeats, each repeat consists of 1 tail. The first group of chickens were used as controls, not given treatment, only given basal feed (T0). The second group of chickens were given 1 gram of moringa leaf powder, every day (T1), group 3 chickens were given 2 grams of moringa leaf powder per day (T2). Furthermore, chickens in group 4 (T3) were given moringa leaf extract supplements of 0.1 ml per head per day were smoked daily and the 5th group (T4) was given moringa extract supplements as much as 0.2 ml were smoked daily. The variables observed were the volume of semen, the number of spermatozoa, motility, live sperm, sperm mass movement, color, viscosity and pH of the semen. Semen volume, the number of spermatozoa, motility and percentage of live sperm were analyzed with variance analysis using the spss series 25 program, while viscosity, color and pH were reported in a descriptive analysis. The results showed that chickens supplemented moringa leaves in powder form as much as 2 grams per day (T2) and extract as much as 0.2 ml per day (T4), showed a significant increase in cement volume (0.45±0.01 ml) (P<0.05) compared to the volume of cement in chicken control which was only 0.29±00.07ml. Likewise, the concentration of spermatozoa, motility, live spermatozoa and movement of spermatozoa mass showed improvement in quality, but had no effect on the color, consistency and pH of semen. It can be concluded that supplementation of moringa leaves, both in the form of powder and extract can increase the production of chicken cement. Key words : Moringa oleifera , rural chicken, semen production

Evaluation of Native Rooster Based on Breeding Value of trait of Macroscopic and Microscopic Semen Quality

The aim of this research is to a determined the breeding value of native roosters based on macroscopic and microscopic semen. Ten native roosters were used in this research. Complete individual cage, semen collection tools and substance, macroscopic and microscopic tools, and substance were used in this research. The native rooster was rested for 2 weeks. Massage techniques were used for semen collection. Parameters observed were volume, pH, color, viscosity, smell, sperm concentration, and sperm livability. The semen collection was repeated 5 times. One-way analysis of variances was used for data analysis with the tools SPSS 16. The breeding value was estimated based on primary traits of semen and calculated for each rooster to make a rank. The results showed that significant parameters (P<0,05) are semen volume and sperm concentration, while the non-significant parameters (P?0,05) are pH semen and sperm livability. Semen color is yellowish-white, semen viscosity is medium-viscous and smell is spermin. The results of breeding value rank are rooster numbers 6, 7, 5, 3, 2, 4, 8, 9, 10, and 1. The conclusion is the breeding value of Native roosters is varied. The recommendation is Native chicken breeding need to apply selection used breeding value based on semen quality.

Evaluating the ability of semen cryopreservation of Blance Blue Belge bull cattle in Vietnam

The objective of this study was to determine the semen cryopreservation capacity of BBB bulls in Hanoi-Vietnam. Research conducted on the fresh semen collected from 05 BBB bulls. Results showed that semen color was normal (milky white, ivory white, ivory yellow), semen volume ranged from 6.35 mL to 7.48 mL (P <0.05), initial motility of semen ranged from 80.53% to 82.92% (P <0.05), sperm concentration in semen ranged from 1.02 x 109 sperms/ml to 1.12 x 109 sperms/mL (P <0.05), abnormal sperm ratio ranged from 6.45% to 8.12% (P <0.05), alive sperm ratio ranged from 76.34% to 82.97% (P <0.05), sperm motility after thawing from straw semen ranged from 71.33% to 75.92% (P<0.05). In conclusion, successfully semen collection from 05 breeding BBB bulls at Hanoi Cattle Breeding Joint Stock Company, semen samples had normal color and good quantity and quality, suitable for production of frozen semen; and semen cryopreservation of straws of the 05 bull BBB semen mentioned at -196oC, sperm motility after freezing-thawing reached the economic and technical norms of 675/2014 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.

Karakteristik dan kualitas semen sapi Sumba Ongole dalam pengencer BTS yang dimodifikasi dengan susu kedelai

This study aimed to find out the quality of fresh semen from Sumba Ongole (SO) bulls which was diluted with Bestvile Thawing Solution (BTS) diluent modified with soybean milk (SKD). The study used a completely randomized design consisting of four treatments and 5 replications, P0 (100 % BTS), P1 (95 % BTS + 5 % SM), P2 (90 % BTS + 10 % SM), and P3 (85 % BTS + 15 % SM). The parameters observed were the colour, smell, consistency, pH, volume, motility, viability, and abnormalities of spermatozoa. The results showed that the characteristics were in the normal, creamy white semen colour, semen volume 3,6 ml, medium consistency, pH 6,3, typical SO bulls smell, sperm motility 85 %, mass activity +++, sperm concentration 1276 million/ml, live sperm 90,05 % and sperm abnormalities 6,15 % and quality there was no significant difference between the four treatments. The spermatozoa motility and viability in each treatment was able to which achieved on day 1. The characteristics of the spermatozoa of SO bulls were in the normal category. Meanwhile, BTS diluent with the addition of SKD was unable to maintain sperm quality.

Effects of two different management systems on hormonal, behavioral, and semen quality in male dromedary camels

Effects of two different management systems on male dromedary camel hormones, behaviors, and semen parameters were documented. Camels (n=6) were tested under two management systems: (i) housed in single boxes with 1-h freedom (H23); (ii) exposed to females for 17 h (from 3.30 p.m. to 8.30 a.m.) and then housed (ConExF). Blood was collected every morning; camel behavior was recorded twice a day: (i) from 7:00 to 8:00 a.m. to determine the short effects; (ii) from 2:00 to 3:00 p.m. to determine the long effects. Each camel underwent a female parade and semen collection thrice a week; sexual behavior, libido, and semen parameters were assessed. Testosterone and cortisol concentrations were higher in ConExF than H23. Compared to the H23 group, ConExF group spent more time walking, standing tripods, and looking outside their pen/box but they spent less time eating, ruminating, resting, standing, and showing stereotypical behaviors. In the morning, ConExF group spent more time walking, ruminating, and showing typical sexual behaviors compared to themselves during afternoon time and the H23 group. However, in the afternoon time, ConExF camels put more time their heads outside the box through the window and showed higher frequencies of stereotypies, probably due to a higher level of frustration. While the sexual behavioral score was higher and ejaculates showed a higher fraction of milky white and white-colored semen in ConExF than H23 group, their libido was similar. Overall, 17 h of exposure led to an increase in testosterone and cortisol levels, enhancing sexual behavior and semen color, but leading to frustration.

The quality of buck semen after feed additive minoxvit administration

<p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Objective: </strong>Reproduction and nutritional status is closely related. Nutritional deficiency or insufficiency directly affects reproductive efficiency. Deficiency of nutrition could affect the sperm quality and the ability to fertilize. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feed additive (Minoxvit) on semen quality of buck.</p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used 6 sexually mature bucks, aged 1.5 years old. The bucks were fed daily with 3 kg of freshly chopped king grass, 1 kg of Legume (<em>Calliandra</em> sp.), and 500 g of concentrate. Three bucks were given Minoxvit by 1.25 g/day in the concentrate, while three other bucks were considered as control. Semen was evaluated once a week for 49 days. Semen was evaluated macroscopically and microscopically. The macroscopic evaluation consisted of volume, color, and consistency of semen, while microscopic evaluation consisted of mass motility, sperm motility, viability, and sperm concentration. Data were analyzed using Completely Randomized Design with Tukey test.<strong></strong></p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>The result showed significantly different (<em>P</em><0,05) in which bucks semen in Minoxvit addition group had higher semen volume (0.75 ml vs 0.54 ml), mass motility (3.32 vs 2.67), sperm motility (70% vs 58 %), sperm viability (86.67% vs 79.19%), and sperm consentration (2,6x10<sup>9</sup> mL vs 1,7x10<sup>9</sup> mL).<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study concludes that the addition of Minoxvit has a positive influence on the quality of buck sperms providing volume, mass motility, individual motility, viability, and concentration of the sperm.</p>