Semantic Web Environment Research Articles

Provenance in GIServices: A Semantic Web Approach

Recent developments in Web Service and Semantic Web technologies have shown great promise for the automatic chaining of geographic information services (GIService), which can derive user-specific information and knowledge from large volumes of data in the distributed information infrastructure. In order for users to have an informed understanding of products generated automatically by distributed GIServices, provenance information must be provided to them. This paper describes a three-level conceptual view of provenance: the automatic capture of provenance in the semantic execution engine; the query and inference of provenance. The view adapts well to the three-phase procedure for automatic GIService composition and can increase understanding of the derivation history of geospatial data products. Provenance capture in the semantic execution engine fits well with the Semantic Web environment. Geospatial metadata is tracked during execution to augment provenance. A prototype system is implemented to illustrate the applicability of the approach.

$\tau\text{JOWL}$: A Systematic Approach to Build and Evolve a Temporal OWL 2 Ontology Based on Temporal JSON Big Data

Nowadays, ontologies, which are defined under the OWL 2 Web Ontology Language (OWL 2), are being used in several fields like artificial intelligence, knowledge engineering, and Semantic Web environments to access data, answer queries, or infer new knowledge. In particular, ontologies can be used to model the semantics of big data as an enabling factor for the deployment of intelligent analytics. Big data are being widely stored and exchanged in JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) format, in particular by Web applications. However, JSON data collections lack explicit semantics as they are in general schema-less, which does not allow to efficiently leverage the benefits of big data. Furthermore, several applications require bookkeeping of the entire history of big data changes, for which no support is provided by mainstream Big Data management systems, including Not only SQL (NoSQL) database systems. In this paper, we propose an approach, named <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\tau \text{JOWL}$</tex> (temporal OWL 2 from temporal JSON), which allows users (i) to automatically build a temporal OWL 2 ontology of data, following the Closed World Assumption (CWA), from temporal JSON-based big data, and (ii) to manage its incremental maintenance accommodating the evolution of these data, in a temporal and multi-schema environment.

Beyond VIAF

This paper aims to investigate the reciprocal relationship between VIAF® and Wikidata and their possible roles in the semantic web environment. It deals with their data, their approach, their domain, and their stakeholders, with particular attention to identification as a fundamental goal of Universal Bibliographic Control. After examining interrelationships among VIAF, Wikidata, libraries and other GLAM institutions, a double approach is used to compare VIAF and Wikidata: first, a quantitative analysis of VIAF and Wikidata data on personal entities, presented in eight tables; and second, a qualitative comparison of several general characteristics, such as purpose, scope, organizational and theoretical approach, data harvesting and management (shown in table 9). Quantitative data and qualitative comparison show that VIAF and Wikidata are quite different in their purpose, scope, organizational and theoretical approach, data harvesting, and management. The study highlights the reciprocal role of VIAF and Wikidata and its helpfulness in the worldwide bibliographical context and in the semantic web environment and outlines new perspectives for research and cooperation.

Ontology for preserving the knowledge base of traditional dances (OTD)

PurposeSystematic organization of domain knowledge has many advantages in archiving, sharing and retrieval of information. Ontologies provide a cushion for such practices in the semantic Web environment. This study aims to develop an ontology that can preserve the knowledge base of traditional dance practices.Design/methodology/approachIt is hypothesized that an ontology-based approach for the chosen domain might boost collaborative research prospects in the domain. A systematic methodology was developed for modeling the ontology based on the analytico-synthetic rule of library classification. Protégé 5.2 was used as an editor for the ontology using the Web ontology language combined with description logic axioms. Ontology was later implemented in a local GraphDB repository to run queries over it.FindingsThe developed ontology on traditional dances (OTD) was tested using the dances of the Rabha tribes of North East India. Rabha tribes are from an indigenous mongoloid community and have a robust presence in Southeast Asian countries, such as Myanmar, Thailand, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Nepal. The result from HermiT reasoner found the presence of no logical inconsistency in the ontology, while the OOPS! pitfall checker tool reported no major internal inconsistency. The induced knowledge base of traditional dances of the Rabha’s in the developed OTD was further validated based on some competency questions.Research limitations/implicationsIn the growing trend of globalization, preservation of the cultural knowledge base of human societies is an important issue. Traditional dances reflect a strong base of the cultural heritage of human societies as they are closely related to the lifestyle, habitat, religious practices and festivals of a specific community.Originality/valueThe current study is exclusively designed, keeping in mind the variables of traditional dance domain based on a survey of the user- and domain-specific needs. The ontology finds probable uses in traditional knowledge information systems, lifestyle-based e-commerce sites and e-learning platforms.

A semantic graph database for the interoperability of 3D GIS data

In the last decades, the use of information management systems in the building data processing led to radical changes to the methods of data production, documentation and archiving. In particular, the possibilities, given by these information systems, to visualize the 3D model and to formulate queries have placed the question of the information sharing in digital format. The integration of information systems represents an efficient solution for defining smart, sustainable and resilient projects, such as conservation and restoration processes, giving the possibilities to combine heterogeneous data. GIS provides a robust data storage system, a definition of topological and semantic relationships and spatial queries. 3D GIS makes possible the creation of three-dimensional model in a geospatial context. To promote the interoperability of GIS data, the present research aims first to analyse methods of conversion in CityGML and IndoorGML model, defining an ontological domain. This has led to the creation of a new enriched model, based on connections among the different elements of the urban model in GIS environment, and to the possibility to formulate queries based on these relations. The second step consists in collecting all data translated into a specific format that fill a graph database in a semantic web environment, while maintaining those relationships. The semantic web technology represents an efficient tool of interoperability that leaves open the possibility to import BIM data in the same graph database and to join both GIS and BIM models. The outcome will offer substantial benefits during the entire project life cycle. This methodology can also be applied to cultural heritage where the information management plays a key role.

A Semantic Collaboration Method Based on Uniform Knowledge Graph

The Semantic Internet of Things (SIoT) is the extension of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the Semantic Web, which aims to build an interoperable collaborative system to solve the heterogeneous problems in the IoT. However, the SIoT has the characteristics of both the IoT and the Semantic Web environment, and the corresponding semantic data present many new data features. In this article, we analyze the characteristics of semantic data and propose the concept of a uniform knowledge graph (UKG), allowing us to be applied to the environment of the SIoT better. Here, we design a semantic collaboration method based on a UKG. It can take the UKG as the form of knowledge organization and representation, and provide a useful data basis for semantic collaboration by constructing the semantic links to complete semantic relation between different data sets, to achieve the semantic collaboration in the SIoT. Our experiments show that the proposed method can analyze and understand the semantics of user requirements better and provide more satisfactory outcomes.

Social Tags of Select Books Written by Mahatma Gandhi a Comparative Study of Library Thing Tags and OCLC Fast Subject Headings

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Retrieval to specific information is critical to user satisfaction in today’s semantic web environment. Users use various terms, nomenclatures and words for aiding mnemonic value to identify concepts for future access and sharing with community members. Social tagging has emerged as a popular option for the millennials to address this issue Tagging is a convenient way used by today’s users for naming their web resources in their own terms. In this study a comparative study was carried out between the standardised Online Computer Library Centre (OCLC) Faceted Application of Subject Terminology (FAST) Subject headings and the popular user-generated tags observed on the LibraryThing website for select books written by Mahatma Gandhi, the iconic Father of Modern India, who was also a prolific writer. M K Gandhi wrote many books, letters, newsletters, essays and edited journals on various subjects like health, vegetarianism, diet, religion and social reforms. A close examination of the subject headings and tags given by users to works authored by M K Gandhi reveal that there is a vast amount of difference between the standard terms assigned using OCLC FAST Subject Headings and tags assigned by the users. The study reveals that neither subject headings nor tags are perfect systems by themselves, but they may complement each other in library catalogues. The inclusion of user-generated keywords into catalogues will greatly enhance representation, organisation and retrieval of resources in a library environment.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Improving Archival Records and Service of Traditional Korean Performing Arts in a Semantic Web Environment

Abstract Purpose This research project aims to organize the archival information of traditional Korean performing arts in a semantic web environment. Key requirements, which the archival records manager should consider for publishing and distribution of gugak performing archival information in a semantic web environment, are presented in the perspective of linked data. Design/methodology/approach This study analyzes the metadata provided by the National Gugak Center’s Gugak Archive, the search and browse menus of Gugak Archive’s website and K-PAAN, the performing arts portal site. Findings The importance of consistency, continuity, and systematicity—crucial qualities in traditional record management practices—is undiminished in a semantic web environment. However, a semantic web environment also requires new tools such as web identifiers (URIs), data models (RDF), and link information (interlinking). Research limitations The scope of this study does not include practical implementation strategies for the archival records management system and website services. The suggestions also do not discuss issues related to copyright or policy coordination between related organizations. Practical implications: The findings of this study can assist records managers in converting a traditional performing arts information archive into a semantic web environment-based online archival service and system. This can also be useful for collaboration with record managers who are unfamiliar with relational or triple database system. Originality/value This study analyzed the metadata of the Gugak Archive and its online services to present practical requirements for managing and disseminating gugak performing arts information in a semantic web environment. In the application of the semantic web services’ principles and methods to an Gugak Archive, this study can contribute to the improvement of information organization and services in the field of Korean traditional music.

ONTOLOGY-BASED WEB TOOLS FOR RETRIEVING PHOTOGRAMMETRIC CULTURAL HERITAGE MODELS

Abstract. A key challenge in cultural heritage (CH) sites visualization is to provide models and tools that effectively integrate the content of a CH data with domain-specific knowledge so that the users can query, interpret and consume the visualized information. Moreover, it is important that the intelligent visualization systems are interoperable in the semantic web environment and thus, capable of establishing a methodology to acquire, integrate, analyze, generate and share numeric contents and associated knowledge in human and machine-readable Web. In this paper, we present a model, a methodology and a software Web-tools that support the coupling of the 2D/3D Web representation with the knowledge graph database of Xlendi shipwreck. The Web visualization tools and the knowledge-based techniques are married into a photogrammetry driven ontological model while at the same time, user-friendly web tools for querying and semantic consumption of the shipwreck information are introduced.

Observing the Pulse of a City: A Smart City Framework for Real-Time Discovery, Federation, and Aggregation of Data Streams

An increasing number of cities are confronted with challenges resulting from the rapid urbanization and new demands that a rapidly growing digital economy imposes on current applications and information systems. Smart city applications enable city authorities to monitor, manage, and provide plans for public resources and infrastructures in city environments, while offering citizens and businesses to develop and use intelligent services in cities. However, providing such smart city applications gives rise to several issues, such as semantic heterogeneity and trustworthiness of data sources, and extracting up-to-date information in real time from large-scale dynamic data streams. In order to address these issues, we propose a novel framework with an efficient semantic data processing pipeline, allowing for real-time observation of the pulse of a city. The proposed framework enables efficient semantic integration of data streams, and complex event processing on top of real-time data aggregation and quality analysis in a semantic Web environment. To evaluate our system, we use real-time sensor observations that have been published via an open platform called Open Data Aarhus by the City of Aarhus. We examine the framework utilizing symbolic aggregate approximation to reduce the size of data streams, and perform quality analysis taking into account both single and multiple data streams. We also investigate the optimization of the semantic data discovery and integration based on the proposed stream quality analysis and data aggregation techniques.

Semantic Web Search Engines : A Comparative Survey

Search engines play important role in the success of the Web. Search engine helps the users to find the relevant information on the internet. Due to many problems in traditional search engines has led to the development of semantic web. Semantic web technologies are playing a crucial role in enhancing traditional search, as it work to create machines readable data and focus on metadata. However, it will not replace traditional search engines. In the environment of semantic web, search engine should be more useful and efficient for searching the relevant web information. It is a way to increase the accuracy of information retrieval system. This is possible because semantic web uses software agents; these agents collect the information, perform relevant transactions and interact with physical devices. This paper includes the survey on the prevalent Semantic Search Engines based on their advantages, working and disadvantages and presents a comparative study based on techniques, type of results, crawling, and indexing.

Efficiently Processing and Storing Library Linked Data using Apache Spark and Parquet

Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a commonly used data model in the Semantic Web environment. Libraries and various other communities have been using the RDF data model to store valuable data after it is extracted from traditional storage systems. However, because of the large volume of the data, processing and storing it is becoming a nightmare for traditional data-management tools. This challenge demands a scalable and distributed system that can manage data in parallel. In this article, a distributed solution is proposed for efficiently processing and storing the large volume of library linked data stored in traditional storage systems. Apache Spark is used for parallel processing of large data sets and a column-oriented schema is proposed for storing RDF data. The storage system is built on top of Hadoop Distributed File Systems (HDFS) and uses the Apache Parquet format to store data in a compressed form. The experimental evaluation showed that storage requirements were reduced significantly as compared to Jena TDB, Sesame, RDF/XML, and N-Triples file formats. SPARQL queries are processed using Spark SQL to query the compressed data. The experimental evaluation showed a good query response time, which significantly reduces as the number of worker nodes increases.

Integrating semantic and fuzzy dimensions into electronic medical records: Case of cerebral palsy information system

The meta-modeling of medical records helps standardize and capitalize the expert’s knowledge domain. It promotes the interoperability knowledge and the reuse of clinical concepts, i.e., archetypes. It also promotes high quality electronic medical record system (EMRS) design, which helps provide better care service delivery. As a result, different standards of medical informatics use the dual model to support interoperability between Medical Information Systems. We particularly quote ISO/EN 13606 and OpenEHR. However, the use of these standards still presents challenges. Apart from political reasons, the main obstacles to the adoption of these standards include: (1) a lack of guides and methodological tools to facilitate the construction of EMRS using two conceptual levels. Designers must have languages, approaches and tools to assist them in the modeling of archetypal EMRS; (2) a lack of methodologies for semantic activities on the content of electronic health records in the semantic web environment; (3) and a lack of management of uncertainties and inaccuracies that may exist in the medical field. Theconstruction of an approach to modeling EMRS according to the dual model approach, considering the uncertainties, inaccuracies and semantics of these systems, is a difficult task, given the challenges to emancipate. In literature, we don’t find such an approach. We, therefore, defined one in this paper. Our goal is to guide the designer in all stages of developing a new generation of EMRS, from analysis and specification of requirements to implementation. To achieve this goal, we have created an approach to support the following activities: (1) clinical concepts and information management and meta-modeling in accordance with the openEHR standard, (2) integration of the semantic dimension into EMRS considered to enable the execution of semantic activities in the semantic web environment; and (3) integration of the fuzzy dimension into electronic medical record data structures. As a contribution, we defined an approach called Fuzzy SemanticOpenEHR allowing the integration of semantic and fuzzy dimensions into EMRS modeled using the openEHR standard. Fuzzy SemanticOpenEHR intends to help and equip the designer during the different phases of creating a fuzzy ontology. Thanks to the mechanisms offered by this approach, we have been able to obtain a fuzzy ontological basis that can serve as a knowledge base that can support the semantic interoperability between EMRS, the deduction of new knowledge and the taking of knowledge’s clinical decision. To test our contribution, we proceeded to the realization of a prototype of tools realized for the pediatric neurology service of the university hospital “Hédi Chaker Sfax - Tunisia” and the association of the handicapped persons safeguard of Sfax. This prototype is a framework called “XML 2 FuzzyOWL”. Then, we tested this framework using a case of a disease which is “Cerebral Palsy”.

Trust evaluation of multimedia documents based on extended provenance model in social semantic web

Recently, the importance of social semantic web, which is a combination of the semantic web and the social web, has been increasing with active data creation and sharing through the Web. In this paper, we proposes a provenance based trust evaluation scheme of multimedia documents by extending the PROV data model in social semantic web. The proposed scheme extends the PROV data model of W3C to manage the provenance and evaluate the trust of multimedia documents in a social semantic web environment. The trust of multimedia documents is evaluated by considering the agent trust, source document trust, and reputation score of current document. The evaluated trust is managed as provenance information, and when users request a query, the query results are generated by considering trust. To verify the validity of the proposed scheme, the trust is compared and evaluated using SPARQL queries.

Система моделей предметної області "Метатехнологія програмування"

The spectrum of models of domain " Software Metatechnology " which are used for the construction of the software service-oriented technologies in the semantic web environment is considered. The basic terms and concepts of this domain are defined. The conceptual model of software technology, conceptual and ontological models of a software metatechnology are given. Problems in programming 2018; 2-3: 236-244

A Model-Driven Based Methodology for the Generation of Context-Aware Medical Interfaces from Open EHR Archetypes

Purpose: Different medical computer science standards, such as ISO\EN 13606, openEHR and HL7 CDA, use the dual model approach to support interoperability between medical information systems. However, use of these standards encounters some obstacles: (i) lack methodological tools to facilitate design of Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems in accordance to two conceptual levels, (ii) Lack of methodologies to perform semantic activities on EHR content in the semantic web environment, and (iii) Absence of models to adapt medical knowledge, modelled by means of archetypes, in different contexts of use. This paper presents a model-driven based methodology for the generation of context-aware medical interfaces. This methodology, entitled OpenEHR modelling Methodology: OpenEHR-MM includes concepts, models, rules, processes and tools aimed to assist EHR designer in the generation process of context-aware medical interfaces. Methods: OpenEHR-MM is based on the use of the model driven architecture technological space, and it includes the following four steps: 1. Analysis and specification of requirements: This first step aims to guide EHR interface designer in the definition of users’ needs. 2. Conceptualization: This step aims to define tools, concepts and approaches that assist EHR designer in the two conceptual levels modelling process. At this step, we define an approach to provide the context information modelling. 3. Ontologization: This step aims to assist the designer to integrate the semantic dimension in the EHR systems modeled in accordance to the dual model approach. 4. Implementation: Finally, OpenEHR-MM provides an adaptive approach to enable medical interface configuration with respect to contexts settings. Results: A model driven-based methodology for context-aware medical interfaces generation process. The experimentation of this methodology is performed on the EHR related to patients affected by cerebral palsy.

Integrating semantic dimension into openEHR archetypes for the management of cerebral palsy electronic medical records

PurposeIntegrating semantic dimension into clinical archetypes is necessary once modeling medical records. First, it enables semantic interoperability and, it offers applying semantic activities on clinical data and provides a higher design quality of Electronic Medical Record (EMR) systems. However, to obtain these advantages, designers need to use archetypes that cover semantic features of clinical concepts involved in their specific applications. In fact, most of archetypes filed within open repositories are expressed in the Archetype Definition Language (ALD) which allows defining only the syntactic structure of clinical concepts weakening semantic activities on the EMR content in the semantic web environment. This paper focuses on the modeling of an EMR prototype for infants affected by Cerebral Palsy (CP), using the dual model approach and integrating semantic web technologies. Such a modeling provides a better delivery of quality of care and ensures semantic interoperability between all involved therapies’ information systems. MethodsFirst, data to be documented are identified and collected from the involved therapies. Subsequently, data are analyzed and arranged into archetypes expressed in accordance of ADL. During this step, open archetype repositories are explored, in order to find the suitable archetypes. Then, ADL archetypes are transformed into archetypes expressed in OWL-DL (Ontology Web Language – Description Language). Finally, we construct an ontological source related to these archetypes enabling hence their annotation to facilitate data extraction and providing possibility to exercise semantic activities on such archetypes. ResultsSemantic dimension integration into EMR modeled in accordance to the archetype approach. The feasibility of our solution is shown through the development of a prototype, baptized “CP-SMS”, which ensures semantic exploitation of CP EMR. This prototype provides the following features: (i) creation of CP EMR instances and their checking by using a knowledge base which we have constructed by interviews with domain experts, (ii) translation of initially CP ADL archetypes into CP OWL-DL archetypes, (iii) creation of an ontological source which we can use to annotate obtained archetypes and (vi) enrichment and supply of the ontological source and integration of semantic relations by providing hence fueling the ontology with new concepts, ensuring consistency and eliminating ambiguity between concepts. ConclusionsThe degree of semantic interoperability that could be reached between EMR systems depends strongly on the quality of the used archetypes. Thus, the integration of semantic dimension in archetypes modeling process is crucial. By creating an ontological source and annotating archetypes, we create a supportive platform ensuring semantic interoperability between archetypes-based EMR-systems.

Representing and integrating bibliographic information into the Semantic Web: A comparison of four conceptual models

Integration of library data into the Semantic Web environment is a key issue for libraries and is approached on the basis of interoperability between conceptual models. Several data models exist for the representation and publication of library data in the Semantic Web and therefore inter-domain and intra-domain interoperability issues emerge as a growing number of web data are generated. Achieving interoperability for different representations of the same or related entities between the library and other cultural heritage institutions shall enhance rich bibliographic data reusability and support the development of new data-driven information services. This paper aims to investigate common ground and convergences between four conceptual models, namely Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR), FRBR Object-Oriented (FRBRoo), Bibliographic Framework (BIBFRAME) and Europeana Data Model (EDM), enabling semantically-richer interoperability by studying the representation of monographs, as well as of content relationships (derivative and equivalent bibliographic relationships) and of whole-part relationships between them.

소셜 시맨틱 웹 환경에서 프로버넌스 기반의 웹 데이터 신뢰도 평가 기법

최근 사용자들 사이의 웹 데이터의 생성 및 공유가 활발해 지면서 시맨틱 웹과 소셜 웹이 결합한 소셜 시맨틱 웹에 대한 중요성이 증가되고 있다. 본 논문은 소셜 시맨틱 웹 환경에서 PROV 모델을 확장하여 프로버넌스 기반의 웹 데이터 신뢰성 평가 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법은 소셜 시맨틱 웹환경에서 웹 데이터의 프로버넌스를 관리하고 신뢰성 평가를 위해 W3C의 PROV 모델에 필요한 요소를 추가하였다. 이와 같이 확장된 PROV 모델은 웹 데이터의 관리 및 프로버넌스 추적을 지원한다. 제안하는 신뢰성 평가 기법은 사용자의 신뢰도, 원본 데이터의 신뢰도 그리고 사람들의 평가 등과 같은 다양한 파라미터를 고려한다. 평가된 신뢰도는 프로버넌스 정보로 관리되고 사용자의 질의를 처리할 때 이 신뢰도를 고려하여 결과를 생성한다. 따라서 제안하는 기법은 소셜 시맨틱 웹 데이터의 프로버넌스를 관리할 수 있고 다양한 파라미터를 이용하여 웹 데이터 신뢰도를 정확하게 계산할 수 있다. 평가된 신뢰도는 사용자가 질의 결과의 신뢰 여부를 판단할 수 있는 기준이 된다. 제안하는 기법의 타당성을 보이기 위해 SPARQL 질의를 이용하여 신뢰성 평가의 성능을 검증한다.

Аналітичний огляд методів і засобів інформаційного пошуку в Semantic Web

The article describes and analyzes the Information Retrieval (IR) methods and applications in the environment of Semantic Web. The author provided the basic Information Retrieval concepts, problems, models and classification of IR systems on various grounds. Examples of existing modern search engines, as well as highlighted the stages of development and listed a list of functional and architectural features of 3-rd search engines generation. The proposed model of IR extends the classification of search engines and search model with the possibility of finding new objects that have become available in the web, and use knowledge represented in the Semantic Web.