Semantic Structure Of Sentence Research Articles

Syntactic-Semantic Linearity in Scent of Apples by Bienvenido N. Santos

This investigation emphasizes the syntactic-semantic linearity in Scent of Apples by Bienvenido N. Santos. It points out the analysis of the surface and deep structure of the five select sentences excerpted from the short story entitled Scent of Apples. It takes up structural analysis which comprises the immediate constituents and the semantic components of the sentences, and description of constituents which contains transformations of sentences according to case. It considers that the five select sentences reveal surface and deep structures in syntactic-semantic manner. This supposition is supported by the theories of linear grammar that highlights the structure of the sentence and semantic-based grammar which emphasizes meaning or semantic structure of sentences. As such, in this paper the five select sentences excerpted from the Scent of Apple by Bienvenido N. Santos are utilized as pattern or model for the linguistic analysis. In instituting the structural analytical data, four phases/stages were observed; Phase 1 for Immediate Constituent Analysis, Phase 2 for Functions/Speech Acts, Phase 3 for Notion/Ideas Expressed, and Phase 4 for Sentence Transforms. It reflects that the five sentences extracted from the short story are all simple sentences. Also, shows that the five sentences function as looking/observing, owning, acquiring, remembering, and inducing something. Likewise, the five sentences declare the following notions; in a condition of being ill, possessing ones habitual action, longing something, possessing something, and influencing something, and that the five sentences construct five sentence transforms with five nominative case, five sentence transforms with possessive case, and five sentence transforms with objective case. Consequently, it has been determined that the five select sentences excerpted from the Scent of Apples by Bienvenido N. Santos display the surface and deep structures in syntactic-semantic linearity approach. In this manner, it is commended that English language teachers must create/construct learning tool activities which are fitting to the syntactic and semantic structure of the sentences, for the learners to master the structure and be particular of the functions and the usage of words. Furthermore, language teachers should also apply the various strategies and approaches that would entice students’ interest in learning the correct usage of words and the correct structure of sentences.

A Semantic Study of Dummy Subjects in Dickens’ Novel Hard Times

To be required for some grammatical properties, dummy elements have lost their lexical meaning. They have no sense of their own. However, such items have meaning in context. They play essential roles in the general semantic structure of sentences.
 
 This study attempts to confirm that dummy constructions can have some semantic meaning and there is no matter how abstract they are. It also highlights the functions of inserting these elements to satisfy the structural and semantic needs in Charles Dickens’ novel Hard Times.

Conceptual Sentiment Analysis Model

<span>Bag-of-words approach is popularly used for Sentiment analysis. It maps the terms in the reviews to term-document vectors and thus disrupts the syntactic structure of sentences in the reviews. Association among the terms or the semantic structure of sentences is also not preserved. This research work focuses on classifying the sentiments by considering the syntactic and semantic structure of the sentences in the review. To improve accuracy, sentiment classifiers based on relative frequency, average frequency and term frequency inverse document frequency were proposed. To handle terms with apostrophe, preprocessing techniques were extended. To focus on opinionated contents, subjectivity extraction was performed at phrase level. Experiments were performed on Pang & Lees, Kaggle’s and UCI’s dataset. Classifiers were also evaluated on the UCI’s Product and Restaurant dataset. Sentiment Classification accuracy improved from 67.9% for a comparable term weighing technique, DeltaTFIDF, up to 77.2% for proposed classifiers. Inception of the proposed concept based approach, subjectivity extraction and extensions to preprocessing techniques, improved the accuracy to 93.9%.</span>

A Semantic Logic-Based Approach to Determine Textual Similarity

This paper presents a semantic logic-based approach to determine textual similarity. Three logic form transformations taking into account semantic structure of sentences are proposed. Logic proofs are obtained using an adapted resolution step that drops predicates when a proof cannot be found with standard resolution. Features are extracted from proofs and combined using supervised machine learning to obtain the final similarity scores. Experimental results show that taking into account semantic relations to determine textual similarity yields performance improvements with respect to both baselines and third-party state-of-the-art systems. Specific sentence pairs that benefit from considering semantic relations are discussed. Detailed results provide empirical evidence that either proof direction offers a strong baseline although considering both is beneficial, and that ignoring concepts that are not an argument of a semantic relation is not sound.

KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION: A BRIEF REVIEW

The problems of representing knowledge in computer systems are common to information science, artificial intelligence, psychology and linguistics. The paper offers a brief review of the structures and techniques that have been developed in these different disciplines. It looks at the semantic structure of sentences, at roles, categories and relations in subject anlaysis, at semantic primitives, and at knowledge representation for reasoning. The paper concludes with a note on a prototype expert system that makes use of some of these techniques.

On the Semantic Representation of Oblique Complements

Dependency network representations, which eliminate the need for transformations, are proposed as a means for showing the essential semantic relationships among the components of sentences, especially those that contain oblique complements (including by-phrases). Evidence from Quileute, a Northwest American Indian language, provides strong support for the position, advanced by Langacker & Munro 1975, that passive sentences are basically agentless, and for their suggestion that all oblique complements have external sources.* In this paper I argue for a 'dependency network' representation of oblique complements. The paper takes as its point of departure the proposal of Langacker & Munro 1975 that passive constructions are basically agentless, and their suggestion that their treatment of passives with by-phrases (or their equivalent in other languages) can be extended to other oblique complements. I attempt in ?1 to bolster Langacker & Munro's discussion at what is perhaps its weakest point by demonstrating the essential equivalence of the by of by-passives and the two-place predicate by found in sentences like This play is by Ibsen. In ?2 I show that Quileute passive constructions provide compelling evidence in support of Langacker & Munro's position. In ?3 I extend the discussion to all oblique complements, using data from English and Quileute, and I introduce dependency network diagrams to represent the basic semantic structure of sentences. In ?4 I summarize the proposals.