Semantic Code Research Articles

Anatomically Correct! A qualitative evaluation of an integrated cadaveric clinical skills workshop series designed for future pharmacist prescribers

Abstract Introduction All newly qualified pharmacists in the UK will register as independent prescribers from 2026. Schools of Pharmacy are required to adapt current curricula to allow for greater embodiment of the skills future prescribers require. One essential element of the curriculum for prescribing pharmacists, set by the General Pharmaceutical Council, is understanding anatomy1. Clinical examination techniques can be difficult to grasp without anatomical understanding of physical landmarks. Previously, pharmacists have had little anatomy training. The need for a stronger foundation of clinical skills and knowledge of anatomical landmarks is imperative as graduates become prescribers. Aim To explore the student perceptions of integrated pharmacist anatomy education. Methods In September 2022, an interprofessional team of anatomy and pharmacy academics developed a novel, two-year workshop series using cadaveric examination to better dovetail with clinical skills practical classes, delivered in the same week and covering the same body systems. Within the dissection room, students were invited to complete self-directed exploratory tasks using cadavers followed by interprofessional direction about relevant anatomical landmarks needed for clinical examination techniques. Qualitative evaluation of student perspectives of this experience was undertaken in autumn 2023. Semi-structured interviews following a topic guide were arranged using purposive sampling by inviting students on the new programme (years one and two) and students who had received the non-integrated, anatomy-only programme (years three and four). Interviews were conducted and recorded using Microsoft Teams. Transcripts were cleaned and quality checked. Inductive, open-coding was conducted following Braun and Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis to understand student experiences and perceptions, with coding and theme generation from one author (DD) with a second author (CEC) for sense-checking in a collaborative approach2. A combination of latent and semantic codes were used as appropriate. Epistemological considerations regarding the data were constructivist, with experiential orientation. Institutional ethical approval was granted for this study (reference: 36415/2023). Lead author (DD) noted his positionality as a fourth-year MPharm student. Results Seventeen one-to-one interviews (n=17) were conducted with post- (n=8) and pre-curriculum change participants (n=9). Five themes were derived from transcripts: navigating initial reactions to anatomy education; valuing integrated and experimental learning; transfer and consolidation of knowledge through staff and peer interaction; individualised perception comprising of student’s overall anatomy experience; prospective application of knowledge via content integration. Content integration was seen as beneficial by students, suggesting that it gave greater insight into the role and remit of a pharmacist and guided them towards the ‘more relevant’ information. Discussion and Conclusion An integrated approach of aligning clinical skills teaching with a multi-disciplinary-led, practical cadaveric anatomy series provided students with greater self-perceived confidence and understanding of clinical examination techniques. Students appreciated the importance of anatomy knowledge in prospective roles as prescribing pharmacists. Limitations of the study included the single site for recruitment at one School of Pharmacy, limiting transferability. Students highlighted benefits of being taught by practising clinical pharmacists who could illustrate the links to diagnosis and prescribing skills. Future research should focus on the longitudinal impact of an integrated anatomy education both pre- and post-registration.

Participative development of a culture-sensitive instrument to measure substance use in Syrian refugees

Abstract Background Rarely assessment instruments have been developed with end users such as refugees or those suffering from mental health conditions. Refugees’ experiences pre-, during, and post-flight are associated with various mental health problems including substance use disorders. Systematic reviews on the prevalence of substance use disorders in refugees worldwide show heterogeneous results. To address possible misclassification due to the lack of refugee-sensitive instruments we aimed to develop a refugee-sensitive instrument. Methods We applied a three-step triangulation study design. First, we conducted a three-stage delphi-process in 2019 and 2020. We recruited Syrian medical doctors for the study. Second, we conducted six focus group discussions with Syrian refugees and medical doctors. Third, we conducted expert checks with medical doctors and professionals providing psycho-social services for refugees. For all focus group discussions, audio recordings were translated and transcribed. Computer-assisted thematic analysis was performed applying a deductive approach with semantic coding. Results The refugee-sensitive instrument consists of seven domains of substance use: lifetime use of relevant types of substances, frequency, intensity, self-perception of, and situations posing a risk for substance use, ability to perform, craving, tolerance, and intentions to reduce or quit substance use. Discussion The instrument has been developed qualitatively, however, a limitation is that it could not be validated in a quantitative large sample of refugees. In spite of this limitation, this is - to the best of our knowledge - the first instrument that has been developed in a participatory approach together with end-users. Outlook The study suggests that developing assessment instruments in a participatory approach is feasible. Participatory development of assessment instruments is in line with the new paradigm of co-creation of mental health conditions management.

Towards the sociology of pets—Social functions of animals in contemporary societies observed from systems theoretical perspective

AbstractThis paper advocates for introducing sociology of pets as a particular field of research as the response of ever growing social relevance of pets in contemporary societies. Though other theoretical approaches are suitable for tackling these complex issues, the article offers viewpoint from Luhmann's social systems theory. Based on Luhmann's writings on ecological communication, the article departs from the system/environment distinction and conceives pets as being part of a society's environment that attained resonance of a social system. Further, entry of pets into a social system is interpreted through differentiation theorem arguing that pets perform highly relevant social functions for all functional subsystems of a society by contributing to their autopoietic reproduction. This is primarily accomplished through communication about pets, emerging specific semantics, usage of binary codes specific for different subsystems, correspondence to their mediums, programs and functions. The major part of work is presenting relations of pets to 10 functional subsystems of a society, as this delineates scope of empirical phenomena of potential interest for sociology of pets. These processes might be observed at systemic, organizational and interaction levels. Despite possessing multiple merits, also, certain limits of Luhmann's account of pets are unfolded, such as incapability to hear authentic voices of animals, but rather distorted semantic codes emerging from consciousness of human psychic systems, afterwards structurally coupled with communication as a medium of social systems. At this point, social systems theory might be complemented by theory of interspecies communication, as taking into consideration other theoretical approaches anchored at ontologies pertinent to include non‐human agents is invocated. The tentative outcome of this introductory discussion is that apparent process of anthro‐morphosization of animals is taking place while the question of relation between humans–humans in the context of building just societies of the 21st century still remains open.

Robust Image Semantic Coding With Learnable CSI Fusion Masking Over MIMO Fading Channels

Robust Image Semantic Coding With Learnable CSI Fusion Masking Over MIMO Fading Channels

Semantic ghost imaging based on semantic coding

To address the challenge of reconstructing high-quality images under low sampling during the Ghost Imaging (GI) procedure, we propose a semantic GI method based on semantic encoding. Through training, the obtained continuous weights of the convolution kernels are served as the speckle patterns. A processing module and a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) are then employed to decode and reconstruct the images. Both the speckle patterns and their corresponding bucket values are optimized, so that the semantic information of the target object can be better extracted. With different gated recurrent units (GRU) layers for the target objects in different datasets, the feasibility of the proposed GI method is validated by the numerical simulations and experiments on the simple target objects (the handwriting digits “0” to “9”) and more complex target objects (“NUPT”). The results show that the target objects (the handwriting digits) can be reconstructed with higher quality even at a lower sampling rate of 1.28%. Additionally, the proposed method has applicability for more complex objects (such as “NUPT”) in real applications. In comparison with those results by using traditional ghost imaging (TGI), deep convolution auto-encoder network (DCAN), and RNN-based GI (GI-RNN), the proposed GI method shows a better performance in terms of the quality of reconstructed images and the training time, that is, the proposed method can have both good reconstructed image quality and less training time. By introducing the concept of semantic communication into GI, the proposed method provides a new idea for the model-based GI.

Survey of General Practitioner Perspectives on Endometriosis Diagnosis, Referrals, Management and Guidelines in New Zealand.

There is a growing body of literature concerning endometriosis patients' perspectives on the healthcare system and endometriosis care in New Zealand. However, there is little research available on the perspectives of general practitioners (GPs) internationally, and none currently in New Zealand. The purpose of this study is to address New Zealand GPs' understanding of and approach to endometriosis diagnosis, referrals, management and guidelines. An online, anonymous survey was shared with 869 GP clinics and completed by 185 New Zealand-based GPs regarding their awareness and application of the inaugural 2020 'Diagnosis and Management of Endometriosis in New Zealand' guidelines, their perception of their endometriosis knowledge, the diagnostic value they assign to symptoms, the treatments they recommend and the reasons they refer patients to specialist gynaecologists. Differences between groups were conducted using Chi-squared tests, and text answers were assessed thematically using inductive, semantic coding. All 185 GPs had gynaecology consults, and 73% had gynaecology consults every week. Despite 65% being aware of the 2020 guidelines, only 35% overall had read them. Only 52% of GPs considered themselves to know enough about endometriosis for their routine practice. The most common treatment to be considered first line was intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs; 96%), whereas the most common alternative treatment recommended was exercise (69%). The most common reason for referral to specialist care was the failure of all attempted treatments (84%). Many of the study's results align with current New Zealand and international endometriosis guidelines, particularly the prioritisation of progestin-only therapies, the reduced emphasis on surgical treatment as the first line and the low rates of alternative treatment recommendations. This study also highlights the need to improve awareness of inappropriate GP recommendations, including long-term treatment with prescription-only pain relief such as codeine and pregnancy for symptomatic relief. Two of the authors involved in the design and conduct of the study, data interpretation and manuscript preparation have sought care for endometriosis. NA.

Subsequent Memory Effects in Cortical Pattern Similarity Differ by Semantic Class.

Although living and nonliving stimuli are known to rely on distinct brain regions during perception, it is largely unknown if their episodic memory encoding mechanisms differ as well. To investigate this issue, we asked participants to encode object pictures (e.g., a picture of a tiger) and to retrieve them later in response to their names (e.g., word "tiger"). For each of four semantic classes (living-animate, living-inanimate, nonliving-large, and nonliving-small), we examined differences in the similarity in activation patterns (neural pattern similarity [NPS]) for subsequently remembered versus forgotten items. Higher NPS for remembered items suggests an advantage of within-class item similarity, whereas lower NPS for remembered items indicates an advantage for item distinctiveness. We expect NPS within class-specific regions to be higher for remembered than for forgotten items. For example, the parahippocampal cortex has a well-known role in scene processing [Aminoff, E. M., Kveraga, K., & Bar, M. The role of the parahippocampal cortex in cognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 17, 379-390, 2013], and the anterior temporal and inferior frontal gyrus have well-known roles in object processing [Clarke, A., & Tyler, L. K. Object-specific semantic coding in human perirhinal cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 34, 4766-4775, 2014]. As such, we expect to see higher NPS for remembered items in these regions pertaining to scenes and objects, respectively. Consistent with this hypothesis, in fusiform, parahippocampal, and retrosplenial regions, higher NPS predicted memory for subclasses of nonliving objects, whereas in the left inferior frontal and left retrosplenial regions, lower NPS predicted memory for subclasses of living objects. Taken together, the results support the idea that subsequent memory depends on a balance of similarity and distinctiveness and demonstrate that the neural mechanisms of episodic encoding differ across semantic categories.

Out-of-hospital birth training, experience and confidence of Australian rural volunteer ambulance officers.

Unplanned out-of-hospital births represent less than 1% of ambulance requests for assistance. However, these call-outs have a high risk of life-threatening complications, which are particularly complex in rural or remote settings with limited accessibility to specialist care support. Many community hospitals no longer provide obstetrics care, so birth parents must travel to larger regional or metropolitan hospitals for assistance. Increased travel time may increase the risk of unplanned out-of-hospital birth and/or complications such as postpartum haemorrhage and neonatal mortality. Rural volunteer ambulance officers (VAOs) are an integral component of Australia's healthcare system, especially in regional and remote areas. Although VAO response to unplanned out-of-hospital births may be considered rare compared to calls to other case types, provision of adequate care is paramount in these potentially high-risk situations. This research investigates Australian rural VAOs' perceptions of their training, experience and confidence regarding unplanned out-of-hospital birth and planned homebirth with obstetric emergencies where ambulance assistance is required. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were undertaken from late 2021 to mid-2023 via telephone or online videoconference. Sessions were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed and coded into themes using Braun and Clarke's six-step process for semantic coding and reflexive thematic analysis. Twenty-eight participants were interviewed from six Australian states and territories, all of whom worked in rural and remote Australia. Ten participants were male, 17 female and one was male-adjacent, with length of VAO experience ranging from 3 months to 29 years. Participants came from seven jurisdictional ambulance services.| Four themes emerged from analysis: (1) Lack of education and exposure to birth resulted in low confidence. Most participants reported significant anxiety attending obstetric call-outs, and explained under-utilisation of specific obstetric and neonatal skills meant skills decay was an issue; (2) limitations were discussed regarding VAO scope of practice and accessing medical equipment specifically required for birthing and neonates that could impact patient care; (3) logistical and communication difficulties were discussed. Long distances to definitive care, potentially limited backup during emergencies and potential unavailability of aeromedical retrieval increased perceived complexity of cases. Telecommunication 'black holes' created a sense of further isolation for VAOs requiring support from senior clinicians; (4) there was a perception that many members of the general public were unaware VAOs often staffed the local ambulance, and expected VAOs to have the same scope of practice as a registered paramedic. Furthermore, VAOs can attend friends and family in an emergency, potentially creating psychological trauma. VAOs report being uncomfortable attending unplanned out-of-hospital births and obstetric emergencies, perceiving they have limited ability to manage complications. Backup from a registered paramedic is dependent on availability, and telecommunications are not always reliable in rural areas for online clinical advice and support. Given the distances to definitive care in regional Australia, this has serious implications for patient safety. Continued VAO education is essential for risk reduction in out-of-hospital births.

Semantic Code Clone Detection Based on Community Detection

Semantic code clone detection is to find code snippets that are structurally or syntactically different, but semantically identical. It plays an important role in software reuse, code compression. Many existing studies have achieved good performance in non-semantic clone, but semantic clone is still a challenging task. Recently, several works have used tree or graph, such as Abstract Syntax Tree (AST), Control Flow Graph (CFG) or Program Dependency Graph (PDG) to extract semantic information from source codes. In order to reduce the complexity of tree and graph, some studies transform them into node sequences. However, this transformation will lose some semantic information. To address this issue, we propose a novel high-performance method that utilizes community detection to extract features of AST while preserving its semantic information. First, based on the AST of source code, we exploit community detection to split AST into different subtrees to extract the underlying semantics information of different code blocks, and use centrality analysis to quantify the semantic information as the weight of AST nodes. Then, the AST is converted into a sequence of tokens with weights, and a Siamese neural network model is used to detect the similarity of token sequences for semantic code clone detection. Finally, to evaluate our approach, we conduct experiments on two standard benchmark datasets, Google Code Jam (GCJ) and BigCloneBench (BCB). Experimental results show that our model outperforms the eight publicly available state-of-the-art methods in detecting code clones. It is five times faster than the tree-based method (ASTNN) in terms of time complexity.

Scalp acupuncture targets for neurological disorders：evidence from neuroimaging studies (part 2).

Scalp acupuncture is a method of treating diseases by dividing and stimulating the corresponding function-oriented cortical scalp areas. It is a commonly used therapy for neurological disorders. However, the specific target selection for scalp acupuncture remains to be explored. This manuscript aims to initiate an attempt to develop/identify scalp acupuncture targets based on neuroimaging findings and noninvasive brain stimulation. Neurosynth-based meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies was conducted to identify brain stimulation targets of neurological disorders. The identified target regions were further projected to the scalp. The traditional acupoints and 10-20 EEG system were referenced for the localization of these targets. In this study, the "mild cognitive impairment" (MCI), "Alzheimer's disease" (AD) and "dementia" were used as the retrieval terms respectively, and a unity detection method was used to generate brain maps, with the default FDR (false discovery rate, P<0.01) threshold of Neurosynth set for subsequent exploration of various disease-related brain regions. The literature search was conducted on July 30, 2022. The localization and manipulation suggestions of neuroimage-based scalp acupuncture targets for MCI, AD, and dementia were introduced in the present paper (part 2). Here are 3 target examples for each of these 3 diseases due to word limitation. 1) MCI：Based on the 81 papers retrieved, we identified 6 potential scalp acupuncture points for MCI, their corresponding brain regions, brain functions and the possible resultant effects of the scalp target acupoint stimulation respectively are as below. MCI1：the orbital part of the left inferior frontal gyrus (left Brodmann area ［BA］47), related to semantic coding, working memory and episodic memory, improving semantic coding and memory function；MCI2：the anterior motor area/left anterior central gyrus (left BA6), the motor center area, improving MCI motor function；MCI3：the left medial temporal gyrus (left BA21), related to the processing of speech, visual space, language and word understanding, improving language and memory. 2) AD：Based on the 196 papers retrieved, we found 6 potential scalp acupuncture targets for AD, their corresponding brain regions and brain functions of the 3 example targets respectively are as below. AD1：the left medial temporal gyrus (left BA21), participating in language and semantic processing, sentence and word generation, intent expression, deductive reasoning；AD2：the left angular gyrus (left BA39), related to semantic processing, word reading and comprehension, memory retrieval, attention and spatial cognition, reasoning, etc.；AD3：the left fusiform/suboccipital gyrus (left BA37), related to semantic classification, text generation, sign language, phonology processing, etc. 3) Dementia：Based on the 142 papers retrieved, we found 4 potential scalp acupuncture targets for dementia, their corresponding brain regions, brain functions and the possible targets of the proposed scalp stimulation respectively are as below. D1 and D2：the left inferior frontal gyrus (i.e., left BA46, and left BA47, respectively), being closely related to working memory, emotional response regulation, melody and other processing processes, may be suitable for treating memory decline and advanced executive dysfunction in patients with dementia；D3：the left medial temporal gyrus (left BA21), an important brain region for various sensory integration, cognitive processing and memory functions, and emotional processing, may be suitable for temporal dementia. We identified scalp acupuncture targets for several common neurological disorders based on neuroimaging findings and noninvasive brain stimulation. The proposed targets may also be used for treating these disorders using nerve/brain stimulation methods.

Black Families’ Social and Cultural Capital During COVID: Families Talk About Coping and Supports

We used NVivo for inductive semantic coding of 619 Black caregivers’ qualitative responses from the RAPID Survey regarding about they were coping with the challenges of COVID-19. Kinship networks and religion/spirituality were the two most frequently mentioned coping strategies followed by government financial support (e.g. stimulus money, food stamps), workplace flexibility (e.g. working from home or taking time off), engaging in COVID-related health behaviors (e.g. social distancing), and maintaining an optimistic outlook despite the challenges.

Neural multi-task learning for end-to-end Arabic aspect-based sentiment analysis

Most existing aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) methods perform the tasks of aspect extraction and sentiment classification independently, assuming that the aspect terms are already determined when handling the aspect sentiment classification task. However, such settings are neither practical nor appropriate in real-life applications, as aspects must be extracted prior to sentiment classification. This study aims to overcome this shortcoming by jointly identifying aspect terms and the corresponding sentiments using a multi-task learning approach based on a unified tagging scheme. The proposed model uses the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) model to produce the input representations, followed by a Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (BiGRU) layer for further contextual and semantic coding. An attention layer is added on top of BiGRU to force the model to focus on the important parts of the sentence. Finally, a Conditional Random Fields (CRF) layer is used to handle inter-label dependencies. Experiments conducted on a reference Arabic hotel dataset show that the proposed model significantly outperforms the baseline and related work models.

Фразеологизация сочетаний с семантикой дефекты внешности в современном сетевом бьюти-дискурсе

The author studied idioms with the meaning of appearance defects in digital beauty discourse using hashtagging is a new phraseologizing tool. New idioms with this semantics reflect the transformation of the linguistic worldview as they objectify the modern value attitudes. The high frequency of these idioms indicates that the semantic code of appearance is of great importance: the induced cultivation of appearance defects motivates users to achieve an ideal beauty image. The analysis revealed the transformation of the linguistic worldview through phraseological innovations that reflect the current value orientations. The paper also defines such terms as neophraseologisms, neophrasemes, phraseological neologisms, and phraseotransforms. The phraseological system follows the general trend of the rapid linguistic development caused by online discourse. Mass linguistic creativity, on the one hand, and global precedence, on the other, trigger many current processes in Russian society.

THE CONCEPT AND PROBLEM OF CODE IN MODERN LITERARY STUDIES

With increasing popularity in literary studies, linguistics, cultural studies, and anthropology, the concept of code remains undefined, which automatically translates a significant part of the results of these works into a polemical plane. Literary studies has already become accustomed to a similar situation in the field of research on mythopoetics, the author’s myth, having developed a certain immunity (M. Zuienko, O. Kobzar, etc.). The plurality of proposed interpretations of the code term in literary studies, which are sometimes mutually contradictory, on the one hand, and the large body of studies based on this term, on the other hand, determine the relevance and perspective of our article. The purpose of this article is to clarify the semantics of the concept of code in literary studies, based on a significant number of its interpretations in the most notable humanitarian and actually special studies of the end of the XX – the first decades of the XXI century. In this case, we see the main tasks as a) to highlight the general tendencies in the interpretation of the concept of code in current research with the identification of advantages and disadvantages by means of comparison; b) identify semantic clusters at different levels of the organization of an artistic work, which can function as elements of a semantic code. Proceeding from the outlined semantics of the code in the content plane of the artistic work and relying on the practice of studies related to this problem, we can talk about the code (of various degrees of structuring) at the different levels. This is the level of a) intention, imperative, archetypality in Ukrainian literature; the code of demythologizing, westernization, postcolonial or gender, eschatological, etc.); b) the level of thematic dominants of the intertextual content of the artistic work (mythological, in particular biblical, ancient, etc.; autobiographical; zoomorphic, plant; invariant of the matrix work in relation to its mash-up version, etc.); c) the level of expression of the environment where events take place or are associated with it (rural, urban, in particular Kyiv, London, etc.; Gothic; cemetery; industrial; otherworldly; parallel world, etc.), as well as d) code-canon, including occasional (codes by T. Shevchenko, G.G. Byron and other national authors in the texts of successors, code by J.R.R. Tolkien, Narnian code by C.S. Lewis – in fantasy, etc.). Code in the sense of intertextual content can appear as a formal expression of intentional or imperative (in cases of, say, gender, post-colonial coding of the artistic work). In particular, investigating the peculiarities of the national myth-making code of Ukrainian fantasy 2000–2020s in a multinational context, we take into account the spectrum of mythopoetic characteristics of the named prose, including accompanying ones. The correct interpretation of fantasy, as well as any other myth-making – its artistic genesis, ideological orientation, structural organization, etc., involves the analysis of the construction, functioning and reception of a system of variable semantic components (more often – legendary and mythological images, motifs, symbols, mythologems, general cultural signs or other elements in the corresponding occasional functionality); these components are the key for the fantasy modeling of this or that work or group of works of art. According to the degree and potential of reinterpretation, conceptual load, configuration, chronotopic orientation of the work, etc., the named components in a certain way program, encode the artistic text, are able to serve as identifiers of its mythopoetic paradigm, and as a result we speak of its myth-making code. The definition of the concept of code in literary studies that we have given can be considered optimal and a compromise at the same time, because it takes into account numerous attempts to define this concept by specialists – representatives of various fields of research. In this case, myth- making is naturally chosen as an important indicator, because it is in myth- making that the principle of the code can be realized most fully. The proposed provisions can be clarified in the process of practical work with specific artistic material and, in general, can serve as an element of correction and unification of complex comparative studies on the problems of the development of Ukrainian and foreign literature, particularly in the XXI century.

SYMBOLIC METAPHORS IN DURRENMATT’S “THE MINOTAUR” WITHIN MYTHOLOGICAL, POSTMODERN AND EXISTENTIALIST CONTEXTS

The research aims to interpret the symbolic metaphors in the ballad “Minotaur” with a focus on the commonalities and differences in their interpretation by Dürrenmatt in relation to mythological, postmodernist, and existential-philosophical traditions. This is achieved through the application of intertextual, structural-semiotic, and hermeneutical methods of literary analysis in conjunction with linguistic methods such as conceptual blending and the method of interactive theory of metaphor. The metaphors of Labyrinth, Mirrors, and Minotaur, which are polycomponential and polysemantic, with one source space and multiple target spaces, contribute to the hermeneutic, symbolic, and semantic codes of the text. The Labyrinth metaphor includes target spaces of “refuge”, “other”, and “self-discovery”; Mirrors – the Universe of the Minotaur and the “threshold” – a polysemantic metaphor, interpreted in the hermeneutic code as the boundary between the world of the Minotaur and the outer world and between the animal and human elements. The image of the Minotaur is projected into the target space of “loneliness” and the “mirror of Man”. The blended spaces of all the metaphors form the hermeneutic code of the text, which is supported by the semantic code and the symbolic code of oppositions. For the “labyrinth” metaphors, the semantic metaphorical periphery includes, depending on the target space, connotations of “happiness”, “harmony”, “friendliness”, “interconnectedness”, and “bewilderment”, “distrust”, “misunderstanding”. The “Mirrors” metaphors involve connotations of infinity, timelessness, vastness, associated with the target space of the Universe, and “danger”, “cruelty”, “death”, “fear”, which intensify the target space of the Threshold. The semantic periphery of the “Minotaur is Loneliness” metaphor is reinforced by connotations like “prison”, “inevitability”, “abandonment”, “betrayal”, “fear”, “disappointment”. In the symbolic code, the “labyrinth” metaphor unfolds in oppositions such as “trust and betrayal”, “life and death”, “pleasure and pain”, “harmony and chaos”, the insolubility of which is associated with the rhizomatic labyrinth. The “Mirror-Threshold” metaphor is associated with oppositions like self – other, human – animal (with role reversal: the animalistic element in a human teaches the animal to be a beast), commonality – otherness. The symbolic code associated with the “Minotaur is Loneliness” and “Minotaur is the Mirror of Man” metaphors is based on oppositions of naivety, trust, friendliness, and kindness, which characterize the Minotaur-animal before his encounter with a human, and murder, cruelty, and betrayal, which distinguish humans. These oppositions encode the hermeneutic code of the text: Minotaur – the negation of the animal element vs. Man – the negation of the human element in the Minotaur. Reinterpreted in the ballad, the metaphors maintain an allusive connection with mythological archetypes and metaphorical symbolism in postmodernism. In the metaphor of the labyrinth, the mythological symbolism draws on the archetypal image of the labyrinth as a structure of the universe, a cycle of life, the idea of eternal return, and initiation. The postmodern tradition is evident in the interpretation of the labyrinth as a metaphor for chaos, loss of meaning, and disorientation, with the destruction of the deciphered labyrinth. From an existential perspective, the metaphor is interpreted in the ballad in connection with the concepts of the labyrinthine nature of Self, encounters with oneself, the transition from existence to essence, and the anxiety, fear, and despair accompanying such a transition. The metaphor of the mirror in the ballad, in accordance with the postmodern tradition, combines with the archetypal image of the labyrinth in dual symbolic and metaphorical relationships: Mirror – Another world, Mirror – Labyrinth as a metaphor for an otherworldly realm that draws one into the labyrinth. Reminiscences of postmodernism include the images of labyrinthine mirrors as metaphors for infinity, the universe as a mirrored illusion, and as antitheses to loneliness, when the mirrors are populated by beings. The archetype of the Minotaur allusively intersects with ancient Greek mythology and its postmodernism reinterpretations as the encounter of a person with his beastly essence, as well as with existentialist ideas of “Self” and the “Other”, “The Other and the Look”, and the inevitability of conflict and guilt that arise when the Self encounters the Other: when confronted with the Other-Human, the innocent Minotaur becomes guilty solely because he exists.

Confix: Combining node-level fix templates and masked language model for automatic program repair

Automatic program repair (APR) is a promising technique to fix program defects by generating patches. In the current APR techniques, template-based and learning-based techniques have demonstrated different advantages. Template-based APR techniques rely on pre-defined fix templates, providing higher controllability but limited by the variety of templates and edit expressiveness. In contrast, learning-based APR techniques treat repair as a neural machine translation task, improving the edit expressiveness through training neural networks. However, this technique also faces the influence of quality and variety of training data, leading to numerous errors and redundant code generation. To overcome their limitations, this paper proposes an innovative APR technique called Confix. Confix first constructs a code information tree to assist in mining edit changes during historical repair. It then further enriches the types of fix templates using node information in the tree. Afterward, Confix defines masked lines based on node-level fix templates to control the scope of patch generation, avoiding redundant semantic code generation. Finally, Confix leverages the powerful edit expressiveness of the masked language model and combines it with fix strategies to generate correct patches more efficiently and accurately. Experimental results show that Confix exhibits state-of-the-art performance on the Defects4J 1.2 and QuixBugs benchmarks.

Voices Unheard: Exploring female representation in Sundanese folk stories through transitivity and semantic code

Voices Unheard: Exploring female representation in Sundanese folk stories through transitivity and semantic code

Object–attribute–relation model-based semantic coding for image transmission

The development of digital, networked and intelligent communication technology has led to significant growth in data and services. Especially in the communication scenario of monitoring data, a variety of downstream tasks bring significant technical challenges for high-performance data transmission, information mining, and data distribution. The problem to be solved is the coding and low bit-rate transmission of large amounts of surveillance data. Concepts and methods that utilize semantic communication are needed. This paper proposes a communication architecture based on the object–attribute–relation (OAR) semantic knowledge base. The sender uses the model parameters and prior knowledge in the knowledge base to drive the OAR extraction model to encode the image. After semantic coding and channel coding, the signal is transmitted to the receiver through the physical channel. At the receiver, the signal is decoded into a semantic vector. The OAR global vector is generated by structured processing, which is used for downstream tasks such as image retrieval or image reconstruction. Experimental comparison and analysis illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of each part of the communication framework. This approach provides a new solution for improving data utilization and processing efficiency.

Innovative Cultural Transmission Paths Analysis for Local Opera Based on Data Mining

With the rapid development of society and cultural diversity, local opera, as a representative of traditional art, faces dual challenges of inheritance and innovation. The inheritance of traditional Chinese opera often relies on oral instruction, but in modern society, this method is no longer suitable for the rapidly changing cultural environment. The purpose of this study is to explore in depth the innovative cultural dissemination path of local opera through data mining techniques. This paper uses data mining techniques to explore and analyze the inheritance of innovative culture in local opera, and to study the inheritance paths. This paper proposes a data mining-based method for analyzing and identifying the paths of inheritance of innovative culture in local opera. This paper focuses on two aspects of technology clustering and technology theme association, and the research paths are divided into flexible clustering based on data enhancement and technology evolution path identification based on theme extraction. Firstly, the heritage changes of dating tunes are discussed. Secondly, the unique artistic esthetics of the dating tune is compared with the artistic characteristics of Henan opera and the three-stringed book. Through the research and learning experience of the Dai Yongqu, it is easier to thoroughly understand the artistic essence and cultural connotation of the Dai Yongqu, and that exposure to the Dai Yongqu is a process of touching traditional culture. In the text clustering section, the data co-occurrence frequency matrix is constructed based on the results of multiple clustering, transforming the problem of determining the number of clusters into a co-occurrence frequency problem with semantic information of the text, thus achieving the purpose of flexible clustering on demand. In a comparison with existing methods, the text representation method using data-enhanced coding achieves better semantic coding results. The flexible clustering method can differentiate the data better than the clustering method with a defined number of clusters and obtains clustering results with high intra-class similarity and high inter-class differentiation.

Kode Semiotika Roland Barthes pada Antologi Puisi Duka-Mu Abadi Karya Sapardi Djoko Damono

This research is motivated by the use of semiotic codes in poetry that presents ambiguous meanings that are difficult to interpret as a whole. To solve the problem, this research uses semiotic code reading according to Roland Barthes. The material object of this research is a poem entitled Prologue and Saat Sebelum Berangkat contained in the anthology Duka-Mu Abadi by Sapardi Djoko Damono. Methods and techniques of data collection by reading, listening, and recording. While heuristic, hermeneutic, and retroactive methods are used to analyze the data. The results of the analysis show that there are five semiotic codes consisting of prerioactive, hermeneutic, cultural, semantic, and symbolic. The prerioactive code in the Prologue poem is in the form of contemplation and meaning of life, and the realization that a loved one has passed away who then has to carry out a funeral for the corpse in the poem Saat Sebelum Berangkat (SSB). The cultural code of the Prologue poem shows the existence of Christian and Jewish religious culture, as well as the upper middle class in the SSB poem. The symbolic code in the Prologue poem is the use of the pronoun ‘Mu’ which refers to God, the Qain field, and the Gologota hill, while in the SBB poem it is a bouquet of flowers, the full world. The hermeneutic and semantic codes of both poems show the grief and loneliness of being left behind by a loved one. Keywords: Duka-Mu Abadi, Code, Roland Barthes, Semiotics