Self-reported Personality Characteristics Research Articles

Prediction of the Big Five Personality Traits Using Static Facial Images of College Students With Different Academic Backgrounds

Appearance can affect social interaction, which in turn affects personality development. There is ample evidence that facial morphology and social cues provide information about human personality and behavior. In this study, we focused on the relationship between self-reported personality characteristics and facial features. We propose a new approach for predicting college students’ personality characteristics (on the basis of the Big Five personality characteristics) with static facial images. First, we construct a dataset containing 13,347 data pairs composed of facial images and personality characteristics. Second, we train a deep neural network with 10,667 sample pairs from the dataset and use the remaining samples to test (1335 pairs) and validate (1335 pairs) self-reported Big Five personalities. We trained a series of deep neural networks on a large, labeled dataset to predict the self-reported Big Five personality trait scores. This novel work applies deep learning to this topic. We also verify the network’s advanced nature on the publicly available database with obvious personality characteristics. The experimental results show that 1) personality traits can be reliably predicted from facial images with an accuracy that exceeds 70%. In five-character tag classification, the recognition accuracy of neuroticism and extroversion was the most accurate, and the prediction accuracy exceeded 90%. 2) Deep learning neural network features are better than traditional manual features in predicting personality characteristics. The results strongly support the application of neural networks trained on large-scale labeled datasets in multidimensional personality feature prediction from static facial images. 3) There are some differences in the personality traits of college students with different academic backgrounds. Future research can explore the relative contribution of other facial image features in predicting other personality characteristics.

Self-referred personal behavior profile of university professors: association with communicative and vocal self-evaluation.

Describe the self-referred personal behavior profiles of university professors and verify the association of these profiles with the self-assessment of communicative aspects and vocal symptoms. Study conducted with 334 professors at a public university who responded to an online questionnaire regarding voice use in teaching practice. Personal behavior profile classification was the response variable, which was divided into four types: pragmatic, analytical, expressive and affable. Explanatory variables were vocal self-perception, vocal resources, and communicative aspects. Descriptive data analysis was performed with application of the Pearson's Chi-squared and Fisher's Exact tests. University professors identified themselves more with the affable and expressive personal behavior profiles. Overall, professors presented good self-perception about vocal and communicative aspects, in addition to having reported few vocal symptoms. Profiles differed for some of the assessed variables, namely, pragmatic professors reported high speech velocity and sporadic eye contact; expressive professors demonstrated self-perception about their voice and strong voice intensity; those in the analytical profile self-reported negative perception about vocal quality, weak voice intensity, poor articulation and rapid speaking rate; the other professors mostly reported voice tiredness symptoms and difficulty projecting the voice. University professors identify themselves mostly with the affable and expressive profiles. Self-perception analysis of the personal behavior profile in university professors showed the influence of self-reported personality characteristics on communicative skills in the classroom.

A Comparison of Trans Women, Trans Men, Genderqueer Individuals, and Cisgender Brothers and Sisters on the Bem Sex-Role Inventory: Ratings by Self and Siblings

ABSTRACT A U.S. national sample of 295 transgender adults (trans women, trans men, and genderqueer individuals) and their cisgender siblings completed the Bem Sex-Role Inventory about their siblings as well as themselves, which enabled a comparison between self-perceptions and sibling’s perceptions of personality characteristics. Self-reported personality characteristics scored as feminine of trans women were not statistically different from those of their cisgender sisters, but they were significantly higher than self-reported femininity scores of trans men, genderqueer individuals, and cisgender brothers. Self-reported personality characteristics scored as masculine of trans men did not differ significantly from those of their cisgender brothers, but they were higher than those of trans women. Trans men and cisgender brothers were viewed by their siblings in a more sex-typed way than they rated themselves, whereas trans women and cisgender sisters were rated by their siblings in a less sex-typed way than they viewed themselves.

Singers take center stage! Personality traits and stereotypes of popular musicians

Despite some evidence that performing musicians tend to have distinct personality characteristics, there is little understanding of how specific positions in bands might be correlated with certain traits. Moreover, there is the possibility that such correlations are exaggerated via stereotypic social perception. In an online sample of popular musicians (including 87 bassists, 48 drummers, 115 guitarists, and 30 vocalists), we evaluated (a) differences in self-reported personality characteristics along the Big Five dimensions; and (b) perceptions of each kind of musician in terms of social category membership (e.g., “What are guitar players like?”). Singers were significantly more extraverted than bassists, and more open to experience than drummers. Whereas there were few differences among other musicians in self-reported personality, the various categories evinced stereotypes that were moderated by participants’ own positions in the band. For example, bass players were generally seen as the most agreeable band members, but this was especially true in the eyes of the bassists themselves. Results are interpreted with reference to biases associated with social categorization and group membership.

Informality and exclusion: evidence from matched employer-employee data for Lebanon and Syria

Abstract Abstract Informality, measured as the share of the employed who do not have access to social security, is high in Lebanon and the Syrian Arab Republic. This paper uses new data from the 2010 Lebanon and Syria matched employer-employee surveys, which include modules that directly test for ability (Raven’s progressive matrices) and self-reported personality characteristics in addition to a detailed section on job quality. The analysis of differentials in earning, self-reported attitudes toward jobs, working conditions, and self-rated satisfaction across formal and informal jobs shows that, even after controlling for measured ability and personality traits, there is a significant formality premium. Moreover, in Lebanon, informal workers are significantly more likely than formal workers to want to change jobs. These findings suggest that much of the observed informality in these two countries might not be due to individual choice but more likely to exclusion from formal markets. JEL codes H53, H55, J23, J24, J31, J32, J42, J71, J81, K31, M51, O53

Searching for the Sense of Humor: Stereotypes of Ourselves and Others

Researchers have made consistent claims that people do not have an awareness of their humor competence and that the vast majority of people claim to have an above-average sense of humor. In this study, we examined whether people’s self reports of humor competence matched an independent measurement of sense of humor. We also investigated participants’ self-reported personality characteristics to see if they attributed to themselves the same characteristics that participants in earlier research attributed to hypothetical others that shared their level of humor competence. Participants completed the Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale (MSHS) and inventories based on the Big Five model of personality. The results revealed that participants had a realistic view of their humor competence. Their self-perceived humor competence correlated reliably with their scores on the MSHS. In addition, they characterized themselves on the personality inventories in the way that previous research participants evaluated others. Participants’ self-reports matched the stereotypes they had of imaginary others for extraversion and neuroticism, but not for agreeableness and openness. The findings suggest that people hold implicit theories of the link between humor and personality and apply it reliably both to themselves and to others. Results are discussed in terms of the need to study humor as multidimensional construct and in light of expectations of evolutionary theory.

Mental health implications of fire service membership.

The primary goal of the current study was to add to the literature regarding mental health implications of fire service membership. Paid-professional firefighters (n = 94) were compared with workers from non-emergency-service occupations (n = 91) with respect to posttraumatic symptomatology as well as other symptoms of mental illness. The results suggested that firefighters self-reported greater posttraumatic symptomatology than comparison participants as measured by the Impact of Events Scale—Revised. In addition, the firefighters reported more distress on several subscales of the Symptom Checklist 90—Revised. Specifically, firefighters scored higher than the non-emergency-service participants on self-reported interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, hostility, and psychoticism. Contrary to the original hypotheses, no links were evident between years of service and posttraumatic/mental health symptoms. Overall, this project suggests that firefighters are at substantially higher risk for traumatic stress symptoms as compared with other workers who do not work within the emergency services. In addition, it is suggested that previous reports of additional mental health symptoms experienced by firefighters may actually be more consistent with secondary reports of posttraumatic symptomatology. A secondary goal of this study was to provide exploratory data regarding potential links between firefighters’ mental health and self-reported personality characteristics. These data suggest that neuroticism may play a special role in the prediction of posttraumatic symptomatology for firefighters.

Big-Five personality factors and interpersonal trust in established marriages

The present study investigated the effects of husbands' and wives' Big-Five personality characteristics on their own (i.e., actor effects) as well as on their partner's (i.e., partner effects) degree of trust in one another. Data were collected from 288 husband–wife couples with at least two adolescent children. Both self-reported and partner-reported personality characteristics were analyzed using two complementary approaches: hierarchical regression analyses and Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) analyses. Results were dependent on the type of personality rating used. Actor effects and partner effects were inflated when using self-reports and partner-reports, respectively. Controlling for shared rater variance, our findings suggest that trust should be conceived as a property of the dyad, rather than as an individual characteristic of the dyad members. Conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness emerged as the most important predictors of dyadic trust. Husbands' and wives' personality characte...

Specific Personality Traits Evoke Different Countertransference Reactions

The main aim of this study was to examine the relationship between patients' self-reported personality characteristics, treatment outcome and therapists' countertransference reactions. Eleven therapists filled in the Feeling Word Checklist 58 (FWC-58) for each patient admitted to a day treatment program. The patients completed the Circumplex of Interpersonal Problems (CIP) at admission and discharge. Outcome measures were assessed at the end of treatment. At the start of treatment, therapists reported fewer feelings of rejection and being on guard in response to patients who reported high avoidant, exploitable, overly nurturing and intrusive CIP subscale traits. At the end of the treatment, the CIP subscales of being domineering, vindictive and cold correlated with fewer positive and more negative countertransference feelings. The study revealed a strong relationship between improvement and countertransference feelings. This study confirms clinical narratives on relationships between the therapists' countertransference reactions and patients' reported interpersonal problems and outcome.

Self and partner personality and responses to relationship threats

Two studies examined the relations between three different types of jealousy and personality characteristics of self and partner in two large heterogeneous community samples of heterosexual couples (459 and 230 couples, respectively). It was expected that partners would resemble each other to some extent in both the experience of different types of jealousy and personality characteristics, and that self-reported levels of neuroticism (+) and extraversion (−) would be related to higher levels of jealousy. Moreover, it was expected that partner extraversion would be related positively to levels of jealousy, and that similarity with regard to personality characteristics would be related to lower levels of jealousy. Results largely supported our expectations with regard to both partner similarity and self-reported personality characteristics. However, our expectations with regard to partner extraversion and similarity were not supported.

Generalization effects of coping-skills training: influence of self-defense training on women's efficacy beliefs, assertiveness, and aggression.

Concern for personal safety is a pervasive stressor for many women. Developing competencies in physical self-defense may empower women to engage more freely in daily activities with less fear. This study assessed the effects of physical self-defense training on multiple aspects of women's perceived self-efficacy and other self-reported personality characteristics. Training powerfully increased task-specific (self-defense) efficacy beliefs as well as physical and global efficacy beliefs. Training increased self-reported assertiveness, and posttraining decreases in hostility and aggression were found on several of the subscales of The Aggression Questionnaire (A. H. Buss & M. Perry, 1992), indicating that training did not have an aggression-disinhibiting effect. In the experimental condition, most of the effects were maintained (and some delayed effects appeared at follow-up.

Intrusive thoughts, sensation seeking, and drug use in college students

The relationships between drug use, task-unrelated thoughts (TUTs), self-reported sensation seeking, retrospective self-reported personality characteristics, laterality, eye dominance, and allergies in college students who were diagnosed in childhood as having attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was investigated. Three groups (high- and low-activity and ADHD subjects) reported both spontaneous and deliberate TUTs during a vigilance task. Intrusive thoughts were found to be predictive of drug use/attitudes, but, to a greater extent, sensation seeking accounted for most drug-related behavior. Left-eye dominance was related to increased childhood hyperactive behaviors and to spontaneous TUTs. Of the three groups, subjects diagnosed as having ADHD had more spontaneous TUTs. These results are consistent with biological models.

A Meta-Analysis of Self-Reported Personality Characteristics of Children and Adolescents with Learning Disabilities

Data on self-reports of children and adolescents with learning disabilities were analyzed with a meta-analysis to assess how self-reports of these children and adolescents differed from the self-reports of their non-learning-disabled peers. In addition to general trends, data were analyzed in terms of the type of variable assessed. Results indicated a generalized tendency for children and adolescents with learning disabilities to score in the more negative direction on these objective scales.

Personality characteristics of patients with chronic pain in comparison with normal controls and depressed patients

The Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) were used for the description of self-reported personality characteristics in pain patients. The patients were a selected group, suffering from chronic non-malignant pain mainly of neurological origin, and had in all cases an established somatic diagnosis. In comparison with normal controls, the pain patients differed only with respect to two KSP scales, showing significantly more negative childhood experiences and less Inhibition of Aggression than the normals. In contrast, there were several and pronounced differences between the pain patients and two psychiatric groups with depressive disorders, one with and one without pain. Thus this group of chronic pain patients did not show the personality characteristics predisposing for depressive disorders. Furthermore, the KSP personality factors were found to be related to variables describing consequences of the pain, but the power of the KSP to predict the outcome of the pain treatment appeared to be limited. The KSP appears to have several advantages in comparison, e.g., with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the most frequently used method for the assessment of chronic pain patients. Unlike the MMPI, the KSP reflects aspects of personality and is not primarily a measure of psychopathology. In addition, the KSP is more up-to-date and its completion is less time-consuming. The usefulness of the KSP for the assessment of chronic pain patients deserves therefore further examination.

Perceptual Style, Locus of Control and Personality Variables Among East Indians and Blacks in Trinidad

25 black males, 25 East Indian males, 25 black females and 25 East Indian females from the University of the West Indies, Trinidad, were given the Rod-and- frame Test (RFT), the Rotter Internal-External Control Scale (I-E Control Scale), and Edwards' Personal Preference Schedule to ascertain the relationship between these variables, as well as mean differences for males and females of two different subcultures who share the same geographical environment and political entity. Significant sex differences were obtained for the I-E Control Scale scores and for the Edwards' needs of achievement, deference, succorance, dominance and nurtu rance. Ethnic group differences were obtained for the RFT and Edwards' need of order. Interactions of sex and ethnic group were obtained for exhibition, endurance and aggression. No significant correlation was obtained for any group between the RFT and I-E Control Scale. Significant correlations between RFT and Edwards' needs and between I-E Control Scale and Edwards' needs were obtained. The data are interpreted in terms of the child-rearing practices and cultural values of each group. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between perceptual style, locus of control and personality variables for males and females of two different subcultures who share an over-all culture in a common geographical environment, but differ in reported child-rearing practices and related values and goals. Witkin et al. (20,21) have investigated the relationship between perceptual style and a variety of appropriately related personality patterns. Perceptually field-depen dent individuals were found to be relatively passive, anxious, lacking in self-confi dence, having little insight and yielding easily to impulsive feelings. Related characteristics were a readiness to conform and a predisposition to have others impose order or structure on situations that were not fully under their control. In contrast, those who were perceptually field-independent seemed to express impulses directly, were active participants in social activities and manifested a level of self-awareness. Witkin concluded that field-independent individuals handled feelings of frustration in a productive and compensatory manner; self-assurance and leadership were generally characteristic of their behaviour. Elliott (7) concluded that perceptual field-dependency was the result of parental influences, particularly those associated with overprotection and inconsistency in reinforcing behaviour. These findings are supported by further research (5,8) that correlates arbitrary, rigid, authoritarian parents and field-dependent children. When parents were flexible and reasonable, permitting the child some measure of self- determination, the child would be perceptually field-independent. These studies stimulated further research on the effects of ecology and culture on individual development (2), as well as the influence of the geographical environ ment (4). These investigations showed relationships between an individual's method of organising his perceptual world and the environment he grew up in. They restrict ed themselves, however, to comparing groups living in disparate cultures and geographical areas who had no contact or communication with one another. The question still remains whether the same obtained relationships would be true of representative individuals identified with distinct subcultural values, who had personal contact with each other, communicated in the same language, and lived within a similar overall culture and geographical environment. That there are other aspects of functioning within one's personal environment which many reflect early formative experiences was suggested by Rotter (17). Sub sequent research demonstrated that an expectancy for internal, as opposed to external, control of reinforcemennt is related to learning and performance in diverse situations. Investigation of the origins of internal-external control orientations (3, 10, 12, 19) concluded that child-rearing practices shaped belief in either internal or external sources as influences in control over one's own fate. These inclinations were also reflected in a variety of corresponding personality traits. MacDonald (14) summarized these conclusions as follows : 1. Internally controlled subjects had parents whom they believed to be supporting (nurturant), and consistent (predict able) and who encouraged children to control their own reinforcements (a measure considered as achievement pressure). Among males, paternal physical punishment was related to internal orientation; 2. externally controlled subjects described their parents as using techniques of overprotection, deprivation of privileges and affective punishment. In view of these investigations it is hypothesized that this study will reveal some relationship between self-reported personality characteristics and both perceptual style as well as locus of control. Furthermore, the findings should vary with sub cultural values and practices.