Self-reported Nocturnal Sleep Duration Research Articles

The association between self-reported nocturnal sleep duration, irregularity in daily energy intake and diet quality in a sample of Iranian adults.

Evidence on the relationship between sleep duration and irregularity in daily energy intake with diet quality in Iranian adults is scarce. We aimed to evaluate the association of sleep duration with diet quality and irregularity in daily energy intake. This is a cross-sectional study. The study was performed in healthcare centres in Tehran. 739 adults aged 20-59 years were recruited. Dietary intake was assessed by a FFQ and three 24-h dietary recalls. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). An irregularity score of daily energy intake was calculated based on the deviation from the 3-d mean energy intake. Sleep duration was estimated using self-reported nocturnal sleep duration by each person. The mean age of the study participants was 44·4 ± 10·7 years; 70 % were women. The mean nocturnal sleep duration, HEI score and irregularity score were 6·7 ± 1·22 h/d, 52·5 ± 8·55 and 22·9 + 19, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, sleep duration was not associated with adherence to HEI-2015 (OR: 1·16; 95 % CI 0·77, 1·74). Longer sleep duration was marginally associated with a lower odd of irregularity in daily energy intake. However, after adjustment for various confounders, this association was not significant (OR: 0·82; 95 % CI 0·50, 1·33; Ptrend = 0·45). No significant interaction was observed between sleep duration and irregularity in daily energy intake in relation to adherence to HEI-2015 (Pinteraction = 0·48). We found that sleep duration was not associated with adherence to HEI-2015 and irregularity in daily energy intake. Further prospective studies are warranted.

Association of nocturnal sleep duration and midday napping with subjective poor hearing among middle-aged and older adults in China.

Hearing loss has occurred as a critical concern for aging and health. However, it remains unknown whether nocturnal sleep and midday napping duration are associated with hearing loss in middle-aged and older adults. The study comprised 9,573 adults from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, who have completed the survey for sleep characteristics and subjective functional hearing. We collected self-reported nocturnal sleep duration (<5, 5 to <6, 6 to <7, 7 to <9, ≥9 h/night) and midday napping duration (≤5, 5 to ≤30, and >30 min). The sleep information was classified into different sleep patterns. The primary outcome was self-reported hearing loss events. Multivariate Cox regression models and restricted cubic splines were used to investigate the longitudinal association of sleep characteristics with hearing loss. We applied Cox generalized additive models and bivariate exposure-response surface diagrams to visualize the effects of different sleep patterns on hearing loss. We confirmed 1,073 cases of hearing loss (55.1% female) during the follow-up. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and health condition, nocturnal sleep with < 5 h was positively associated with hearing loss [hazard ratio (HR): 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20, 1.75]. Individuals with napping for 5 to ≤30 min had a 20% (HR: 0.80, 95%CI: 0.63, 1.00) lower risk of hearing loss compared with those with napping ≤ 5 min. Restrictive cubic splines showed the reverse J-shaped association between nocturnal sleep and hearing loss. Moreover, we found significant joint effects of sleeping < 7 h/night and midday napping ≤ 5 min (HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.52) on hearing loss. Bivariate exposure-response surface diagrams also reflected the finding that short sleep without napping existed the highest risk of hearing loss. Compared with persistently sleeping moderately (7-9 h/night), those who persistently slept < 7 h/night or shifted from < 7 h/night to moderate or > 9 h/night had higher risks of hearing loss. Inadequate nocturnal sleep was associated with an elevated risk of poor subjective hearing in middle-aged and older adults, while moderate napping decreased the risk of hearing loss. Keeping sleep stable within recommendation duration may be a useful strategy for preventing poor hearing loss.

Nocturnal sleep duration and bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2014

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the association between sleep duration and bone mineral density (BMD) and determine whether vitamin D (VD) status influenced the association between sleep duration and BMD.MethodsNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2014 participants aged ≥ 40 years were included in this study. BMD testing was conducted with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry examinations. Moreover, all individuals were divided into four groups according to self-reported nocturnal sleep duration (7–8 h; 6 h; < 6 h; and > 8 h). In addition, the differences in BMD between the normal sleep duration group and other groups were calculated using multiple linear regression models.ResultsOverall, the median age of the overall study population was 55.00 years old, with 46.97% of men distributed. Participants sleeping > 8 h/night had lower BMDs than those sleeping 7–8 h/night. Moreover, the association between unhealthy sleep duration (especially > 8 h/night) and low BMD was more pronounced in older individuals, men, postmenopausal women, and subjects with inadequate VD intakes (< 15.00 µg/day) or deficient/insufficient serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (< 75.00 nmol/L).ConclusionsIn conclusion, unhealthy sleep duration, especially long sleep duration, was associated with decreased BMD, particularly among individuals aged > 60 years, men, or postmenopausal women. Moreover, VD status might influence the association between sleep duration and BMD, especially in the context of inadequate VD intake or deficient/insufficient serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. However, given the limitations of the present study, further investigation is warranted to confirm this association and to explore potential mechanisms.

Sleep patterns and intraindividual sleep variability in mothers and fathers at 6 months postpartum: a population-based, cross-sectional study

ObjectivesGiven that postpartum sleep is an important family process, further investigations including both mothers and fathers are necessary. The present study aimed to describe and compare sleep patterns and intraindividual...

Improvement in sleep duration was associated with higher cognitive function: a new association.

Objectives: Previous studies have indicated that improvement in sleep duration might correlate with better cognition. We aimed to examine the associations between changes in sleep duration and cognitive function.Results: A change from short sleep duration (SSD) to moderate sleep duration (MSD) was associated with better global cognition scores (β=0.54, P <0.01). A change from SSD to long sleep duration (LSD) (β=-0.94, P <0.001) or a change from LSD to SSD (β=-1.38, P <0.01) was associated with lower global cognition. For individuals with MSD, a≥2 h increase (β=-0.89, P <0.001) or decrease (β=-0.70, P <0.001) in sleep duration was associated with lower global cognition.Conclusions: For short sleepers, improvement in sleep duration correlated with better cognition. For long sleepers, there was no need to reduce sleep duration. Excessive changes or deviation from the moderate duration was associated with lower cognition.Methods: A total of 10325 individuals aged 45 and older from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were included. Self-reported nocturnal sleep duration and cognitive function were assessed in the three waves of CHARLS from 2011 to 2015. Cognitive function was assessed by a global cognition score, which included episodic memory, visuospatial abilities, calculation, orientation and attention.

Predicting Attentional Impairment in Women With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Using Self-Reported and Objective Measures of Sleep.

There is growing evidence to support sleep impairment as a core feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Sleep impairment in PTSD is associated with severe distress and poorer treatment outcomes. Therefore, specific attention to this symptom of PTSD is warranted and accurate assessment of sleep impairment is critical. The current study investigated the association between self-reported and objective assessment of sleep and sustained attention in women with PTSD. Study participants include 50 treatment-seeking, female, interpersonal violence survivors who have PTSD. Nocturnal sleep duration was measured with self-report sleep diaries and objective actigraphy assessment over the course of 7 nights. Sustained attention during daytime was measured by the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT). Results indicated that self-reported nocturnal sleep duration, but not objective or global sleep quality measures, best predicted attentional deficits as indicated by lapses and inverse reaction time on the PVT. Daily sleep diaries predicted 19% and 14% of the variance in attentional lapses and inverse reaction time, respectively. In a sample of women with PTSD, self-reported nocturnal sleep duration predicted deficits in sustained attention. Conversely, sleep duration as measured by actigraphy and global sleep quality, did not predict sustained attention. Findings suggest that assessing sleep impairment on a daily basis may provide clinically relevant information in evaluating daytime symptoms and provide guidance in targeting this particularly troublesome symptom in the treatment of PTSD. Werner KB, Arditte Hall KA, Griffin MG, Galovski TE. Predicting attentional impairment in women with posttraumatic stress disorder using self-reported and objective measures of sleep. J Clin Sleep Med. 2019;15(9):1329-1336.

HIGHER DEMENTIA RISK AT AGE 90+ IS ASSOCIATED WITH SHORT SLEEP A QUARTER OF A CENTURY EARLIER: THE 90+ STUDY

Short sleep has been linked to an increased risk of dementia in several studies. Although dementia risk is highest in the oldest-old (aged 90 or older) and sleep problems become more prevalent with age, the relationship between dementia risk and sleep at this age has not been studied. Our aim is to examine the risk of dementia in the oldest-old in relation to sleep reported on average 24 years earlier. We analyzed data on 581 participants with no dementia at baseline from The 90+ Study. These participants had reported on sleep as part of the Leisure World Cohort Study 16–36 years before joining The 90+ Study, when they were on average 69 years of age (range: 54–84 years). We analyzed self-reported nocturnal sleep duration, napping, and 24-hour sleep duration (sum of nocturnal sleep and nap duration). Sleep duration was categorized into <6, 6, 7, 8 and ≥9-hour groups. As part of The 90+ Study, participants were assessed for dementia (DSM-IV) every six months. Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) for the sleep variables in relation to risk of dementia, controlling for age, sex, and education. Participants were on average 93 years old (range: 90-103) at The 90+ Study baseline visit and most were women (72%). 275 participants developed dementia during follow-up (mean=3 years; range: 0.4 – 13.8 years). Short (<6 hours) nocturnal sleep, reported 16–36 years earlier, was significantly associated with an increased risk of dementia (HR=1.70) compared with optimal sleep (8 hours) (Table). Short 24-hour sleep (<6 hours) showed a non-significant increased dementia risk (HR=1.57) compared with optimal sleep. Dementia risk did not differ between those who napped and those who did not. Increased risk of dementia in the oldest-old is associated with short sleep duration reported 16–36 years earlier. Possible explanations for this relationship include poor amyloid clearance, brain atrophy, systemic inflammation, and comorbidities. Early identification of and intervention for sub-optimal sleep duration may be beneficial for maintaining cognition in the oldest-old.

Sleep duration and blood pressure in children: Analysis of the pan‐European IDEFICS cohort

The present study aims to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal association between self-reported nocturnal sleep duration, blood pressure, and hypertension in European children, aged 2-9.9years, participating in the IDEFICS project. Blood pressure (BP) and the main anthropometric indices were measured according to standardized procedures. Childhood elevated BP and hypertension were defined according to the European Society of Hypertension Guidelines for children and adolescents. Parents reported lifestyle and socio-demographic data. Nocturnal sleep duration was assessed as part of a parental 24-h recall and categorized as follows: (a) ≤9hours/night; (b) >9hours to ≤10hours/night; (c) >10hours to ≤11hours/night; and (d) >11hours/night. A complete set of variables included in the present analysis was provided by 7974 participants (boys/girls=4049/3925) at the baseline survey (T0). Of them, 5656 were re-examined 2years later at follow-up (T1). Children reporting shorter sleep duration at T0 had significantly higher BP values (P for trend<0.001) compared to those who slept more. Prospective analyses showed that shorter sleep duration at baseline predicted, over the 2-year follow-up, higher increases in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, after adjustment for age, sex, country of origin, BMI z-score, parental education, physical activity, screen time, and T0 value of the examined outcome variables (P for trend<0.001). Our findings reveal that shorter sleep duration is associated with higher BP in childhood, suggesting that sleep may be a potential risk factor for hypertension later in life.

Self-reported nocturnal sleep duration and glycosylated hemoglobin A in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA)

ObjectiveAt present, epidemiologic studies regarding the relationship between sleep duration and glucose metabolism in adolescents are scarce. The objective was to investigate the association between self-reported nocturnal sleep duration and glycosylated hemoglobin A in 12- to 17-year-old Brazilian adolescents. Patients/MethodsA school-based multicenter cross-sectional study was carried out in private and public schools from 273 municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants. The final sample comprised 24,923 adolescents. A self-administered questionnaire was used. Blood tests included glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin A and serum lipids. Age, sex, skin color, school type, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and Brazilian regions were studied as possible effect modifiers and/or confounders using linear regression. ResultsA significant positive association was found between more than 12 h of nocturnal sleep and glycosylated hemoglobin A in two Brazilian regions: Southeast and South, even after adjustment for age, sex, skin color, and BMI (coefficients of 0.142 and 0.339, respectively). No association was found with nocturnal sleep duration <7 h. ConclusionNotably, a significant positive relationship was found between more than 12 h of nocturnal sleep duration and glycosylated hemoglobin A in two Brazilian regions. The specific pubertal sleep curtailment can be a compensatory mechanism for dealing with the insulin resistance during adolescence. Those that escape from this regulatory strategy and sleep longer than the adequate duration, break down this balance and tend to damage their glucose metabolism. To our knowledge, this is the first large scale study, of the association between sleep duration and glucose metabolism in adolescents.

The relationship between self-reported nocturnal sleep duration, daytime sleepiness and 24-h urinary albumin and protein excretion in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes

AimIn the current study the relationship between self-reported nocturnal sleep duration (NSD) and daytime sleepiness with 24-h urinary protein excretion (UPE) and 24-h urinary albumin excretion (UAE) were investigated in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. MethodsAll patients underwent history taking, physical examination, blood pressure (BP) measurement, 12 lead electrocardiographic evaluation, routine urine analysis, biochemical analysis, 24-h urine collection to measure UAE, UPE and creatinine clearance. Self reported NSD and daytime sleepiness (using Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS)) were recorded for all patients. ResultsIn total 110 patients (56 male and 54 female) were included. Self reported NSD was 7.17±1.07h. Mean ESS score was 5.59±2.48. Stepwise linear regression of independent factors revealed that logarithmically converted 24-h UAE (as a dependent parameter) was related with clinical systolic BP (b: 0.01, p: 0.003), HbA1c (b: 0.082, p: 0.033), self reported NSD (b: −0.152, p: 0.004) and ESS score (b: 0.044, p: 0.043). Additionally, on the other hand, 24-h UPE was related with clinical systolic BP (b: 0.011, p: 0.001) and self reported NSD (b: −0.179, p<0.0001) in regression analysis. ConclusionIn conclusion, 24-h UAE were independently related with self reported NSD and daytime sleepiness where as 24-h UPE was related with only NSD in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.

Self-reported nocturnal sleep duration is associated with next-day resting state functional connectivity

Sleep deprivation affects cerebral metabolism and reduces the functional connectivity among various regions of the brain, potentially explaining some of the associated mood and emotional changes often observed. Prior neuroimaging studies have only examined the effects of sleep deprivation or partial sleep restriction on functional connectivity, but none have studied how such connectivity is associated with normal variations in self-reported sleep duration the night before the scan. We examined the relationship between sleep duration and resting state functional connectivity among healthy volunteers who slept at home according to their own schedules. Thirty-nine healthy individuals aged 18-45 (21 females) completed a questionnaire asking about their recent sleep habits and entries in their sleep diary for the previous night, followed by resting state functional MRI at 3 T. Participants reported sleeping between 5.0 and 8.5 h the night before the scan (M=7.0, SD=0.9). Seed regions were placed in the medial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex nodes of the default mode network, regions previously implicated in sleep deprivation. Longer self-reported sleep duration was associated with significantly enhanced functional connectivity between the medial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate, as well as greater anticorrelations with parietal, occipital, and lateral prefrontal regions. Findings suggest that even normal variations in sleep duration measured by self-report are related to the strength of functional connectivity within select nodes of the default mode network and its anticorrelated network.

Sleep deprivation is associated with lower diet quality indices and higher rate of general and central obesity among young female students in Iran

ObjectivesShort sleep duration and low diet quality are associated with weight gain. However, little is known about the relationship between sleep duration and the quality of diets. Therefore, we aimed to compare the diet quality indices and anthropometric measures between short and longer sleepers. MethodsThis cross-sectional study consisted of 410 female youths who were chosen among students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences based on stratified random sampling method. Dietary intake assessment was done using a semiquantitative validated food frequency questionnaire. Sleep duration was estimated using self-reported nocturnal sleep duration by each person. Anthropometric measures were done using standard protocols. Diet quality indices (including dietary energy density, dietary diversity scores, healthy eating index, nutrient adequacy ratio, and mean adequacy ratio) were calculated using the standard definition. ResultsSubjects who slept less than 6 h/d were more likely to be overweight and obese (P = 0.0001) and also abdominally obese (P = 0.03). They also consumed more dietary energy (2406 ± 825 versus 2092 ± 700 kcal/d; P = 0.01, respectively) and carbohydrates (58.1 ± 16.2% versus 51.6 ± 10.3%; P = 0.03) but a lower amount of fiber (12 ± 7 versus 18 ± 7 g/d; P = 0.04), fruits (2.4 ± 0.6 versus 3.1 ± 0.7 servings/d; P = 0.04), whole grains (0.9 ± 0.1 versus 1.3 ± 0.1 servings/d; P = 0.04), and beans (0.3 ± 0.1 versus 0.8 ± 0.1 servings/d; P = 0.04). All diet quality indices were significantly lower among short sleepers (P < 0.05), apart from dietary energy density, which did not differ significantly (P = 0.8). ConclusionOur findings confirm the association of short sleep duration and obesity in young female youths. It might be derived from lower diet quality among short sleepers more than longer sleepers.