Summary.-The need for dominance has something in common with the need for achievement in that both have clear relevance to the study of behavior in organizations. Yet in the literature a belief has persisted that the similarities end here, i.e., that dominance and achievement are essentially orthogonal. While this conclusion may be valid among nonself-report measures of these variables, it cannot be extrapolated to self-report measures because these two general measurement techniques tap into fundamentally different patterns of motives and are not mere substimtes for each other. Based on the results of surveys administered to three samples of adults (total N = 703) and using scales derived from both the Manifest Needs Questionnaire and the Personality Research Form, present analyses point to a strong relationship between self-reported dominance and achievement. The need for dominance seems an important predictor of power acquisition and the assumption of leadership roles in complex organizations (House, 1988; Lord, De Vader, & Alliger, 1986; Stahl, 1986) and is therefore a relevant individual difference for understanding behavior in such settings. Dominant individuals seek to influence and direct others, attempt to control their environment, tend to express opinions forcefully, and may assume the role of leader spontaneously (Jackson, 1984). Although an individual's dominance or any other trait or combination of traits is insufficient to account for emergent behavior, this variable nonetheless appears relevant. The need for dominance can be assessed with the Manifest Needs Questionnaire, a 20-item survey designed to measure the needs for achievement, affdiation, autonomy, and dominance in work settings. Although the reliabilities of some subscales are less than optimal (Brief, Aldag, Darrow, & Power, 1980; Dreher & Mai-Dalton, 1983; Konovsky, Dalton, & Todor, 1986), MNQDominance seems both reliable and valid (Chusmir, 1988). Medcof (1990), for example, found a strong correlation between this measure and peer ratings of dominance behavior collected more than two months later (r = 0.45, p < .001). There was also a weaker but significant correlation between MNQDominance and peer ratings of the need for achievement (r = 0.27, p< .01), an unexpected finding given the absence of any postulated relationship between dominance and achievement. The need for achievement refers to a willingness to exert effort to attain