Self-reported Current Depression Research Articles

Self-reported depression and anxiety and healthcare professional interactions regarding smoking cessation and nicotine vaping: Findings from 2018 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping (ITC 4CV) Survey.

People with mental health conditions are disproportionately affected by smoking-related diseases and death. The aim of this study was to assess whether health professional (HP) interactions regarding smoking cessation and nicotine vaping products (NVPs) differ by mental health condition. The cross-sectional 2018 International Tobacco Control Four Country (Australia, Canada, England, United States) Smoking and Vaping Survey data included 11040 adults currently smoking or recently quit. Adjusted weighted logistic regressions examined associations between mental health (self-reported current depression and/or anxiety) and visiting a HP in last 18 months; receiving advice to quit smoking; discussing NVPs with a HP; and receiving a recommendation to use NVPs. Overall, 16.1% self-reported depression and anxiety, 7.6% depression only, and 6.6% anxiety only. Compared with respondents with no depression/anxiety, those with depression (84.7%, AOR=2.65; 95% CI: 2.17-3.27), anxiety (82.2%, AOR=2.08; 95% CI: 1.70-2.57), and depression and anxiety (87.6%, AOR=3.74; 95% CI: 3.19-4.40) were more likely to have visited a HP. Among those who had visited a HP, 47.9% received advice to quit smoking, which was more likely among respondents with depression (AOR=1.58; 95% CI: 1.34-1.86), and NVP discussions were more likely among those with depression and anxiety (AOR=1.63; 95% CI: 1.29-2.06). Of the 6.1% who discussed NVPs, 33.5% received a recommendation to use them, with no difference by mental health. People with anxiety and/or depression who smoke were more likely to visit a HP than those without, but only those with depression were more likely to receive cessation advice, and only those with depression and anxiety were more likely to discuss NVPs. There are missed opportunities for HPs to deliver cessation advice. NVP discussions and receiving a positive recommendation to use them were rare overall.

Self-Reported Chronic Back Pain and Current Depression in Brazil: A National Level Study.

There is limited literature investigating the association between chronic back pain (CBP) and depression in Brazil. This study evaluates the association between CBP, CBP-related physical limitations (CBP-RPL), and self-reported current depression (SRCD), in a nationally representative sample of Brazilian adults. The data for this cross-sectional study came from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey (n = 71,535). The Personal Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-8) was used to measure the SRCD outcome. The exposures of interest were self-reported CBP and CBP-RPL (none, slight, moderate, and high limitation). Multivariable weighted and adjusted logistic regression models were used to investigate these associations. The weighted prevalence of SRCD among CBP was 39.5%. There was a significant weighted and adjusted association between CBP and SRCD (weighted and adjusted odds ratio (WAOR) 2.69 (95% CI: 2.45-2.94). The WAOR of SRCD among individuals with high, moderate, and slight levels of physical limitation was significantly greater than for those without physical limitation due to CBP. Among Brazilian adults with high levels of CBP-RPL, there was over a five-fold increased risk of SRCD compared to those without CBP-RPL. These results are important for increasing awareness of the link between CBP and SRCD and for informing health services policies.

The association between alcohol consumption and self-reported current depression among adults residing in Brazil.

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the association between binge and heavy drinking and self-reported current depression (SRCD) in a representative population-based sample of adults residing in Brazil. The sample for this study was based on the 2013 Brazilian National Health Survey. SRCD was accessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8), a valid eight-item depression measure for population-based studies instrument. The association between binge/heavy drinking and SRCD was investigated using weighted and adjusted multivariable logistic regression models. Out of the final study sample of 59399 Brazilians, 47.2% were young adults, 34.6% were middle age adults and 52.4% were females. The prevalence of binge drinking was 13.8%, of heavy drinking was 3.2% and SRCD was 7.6%. There was a significant weighted and adjusted association between binge drinking and SRCD among young and middle age females (OR=1.5, 95% CI:1.1-2.0 and OR=0.6, 95% CI:0.4-0.8, respectively) and between heavy drinking and SRCD among young and middle age males (OR=1.8, 95% CI:1.2-2.8 and OR=2.5, 95% CI:1.5-4.1, respectively). The possible protective factor of binge drinking for SRCD among middle-aged Brazilian females needs to be further investigated and understood. Longitudinal research is needed to provide further evidence of associations found in this study.

The association between obesity and self-reported current depression among adult cancer survivors residing in Brazil.

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the association between obesity and self-reported current depression (SRCD) in a population-based sample of adult Brazilian cancer survivors. The sample for this study (N=930) was based on the 2013 Brazilian National Health Survey. SRCD was assessed using the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8). Obesity was defined as a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2. Multivariable weighted logistic regression models were conducted to investigate the association between obesity and SRCD among Brazilian adult cancer survivors. The weighted prevalence of obesity and SRCD among adult cancer survivors was 26.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 22.5 to 30.3%) and 13.7% (95% CI 10.4 to 17.1%), respectively. Overall there was no significant weighted and adjusted association between obesity and SRCD among cancer survivors (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.99 [95% CI 0.56 to 1.73]). Nevertheless, among cancer survivors of working age (18-59 y), this association was significant (AOR 2.19 [95% CI 1.28 to 3.73]) and therefore obesity is significantly associated with a 119% increase in the odds of SRCD among Brazilian adult cancer survivors of working age. Since both obesity and depression may lead to worse health and quality of life outcomes in this young and middle-aged population, further investigations are needed in order to establish the causality and directionality of this association.

Ensemble machine learning prediction of posttraumatic stress disorder screening status after emergency room hospitalization

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops in a substantial minority of emergency room admits. Inexpensive and accurate person-level assessment of PTSD risk after trauma exposure is a critical precursor to large-scale deployment of early interventions that may reduce individual suffering and societal costs. Toward this aim, we applied ensemble machine learning to predict PTSD screening status three months after severe injury using cost-effective and minimally invasive data. Participants (N = 271) were recruited at a Level 1 Trauma Center where they provided variables routinely collected at the hospital, including pulse, injury severity, and demographics, as well as psychological variables, including self-reported current depression, psychiatric history, and social support. Participant zip codes were used to extract contextual variables including population total and density, average annual income, and health insurance coverage rates from publicly available U.S. Census data. Machine learning yielded good prediction of PTSD screening status 3 months post-hospitalization, AUC = 0.85 95% CI [0.83, 0.86], and significantly outperformed all benchmark comparison models in a cross-validation procedure designed to yield an unbiased estimate of performance. These results demonstrate that good prediction can be attained from variables that individually have relatively weak predictive value, pointing to the promise of ensemble machine learning approaches that do not rely on strong isolated risk factors.

Unmet depression information needs in the community

BackgroundDespite the well acknowledged importance of consumer health information, little is known about the public’s depression information needs. This study aimed to develop a formal measure of unmet need for depression information in the community, to investigate the level of this unmet need and to identify its predictors. MethodsData were collected as part of a survey of 12,319 Australian adults aged 18–65 years. This survey incorporated 21 questions targeting depression information need, together with measures of demographic status, self-reported current depression and personal stigma. The information needs data were subjected to principal components analysis followed by linear regression analyses to determine the demographic and other predictors of each of the resulting components. ResultsBetween 50 and 75% of participants endorsed the need for more information on each of the 21 information need topics. The PCA yielded a 20-item Depression Information Needs Scale (DINS) of high reliability and factor validity comprising four subscales: General (facts about depression), Specific Treatments, Research and Policies, and Lived Experience. Controlling for other factors, those with self-reported current depression and those without tertiary education had greater information needs across all four factors. LimitationsThe survey response rate was low and further research is required to establish the adequacy of the psychometric properties of the DINS. ConclusionsGiven the high unmet need for depression information there is a need to develop and implement evidence-based strategies for ensuring the accessibility and uptake of depression information relevant to the needs of members of the community.