Self-report Measures Research Articles

Change in vaping, smoking and dual-use identities predicts quit success and cigarette usage: A prospective study of people quitting smoking with electronic cigarette support.

Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are an efficacious support for some but not all people wishing to stop using tobacco. While advice and practical support have been identified as increasing quit success, little research has explored the role of changes in smoking and EC-related social identities. A prospective study following 573 people attempting to quit smoking with EC support. Self-report measures of identification with being a smoker, non-smoker, vaper and dual user (people using ECs and tobacco products) were taken prior to the quit attempt and at a 12-week follow-up. Baseline identifications with being a smoker, non-smoker or dual user were not associated with smoking outcomes. Baseline vaper identity baseline was linked to more frequent tobacco abstinence at follow-up and lower levels of cigarette smoking. Levels of social identification at follow-up were consistently linked with outcomes, with vaper identity and non-smoking identities being protective and dual user identity being related to lower abstinence rates but decreased tobacco usage. Changes in identity over time were the most consistent predictor of outcomes. Findings have implications for smoking cessation practice, informing how and when identity-based interventions may be effective and our understanding of how identity transitions occur.

Psychometric properties of the Child Anxiety and Depression Life Interference Scale - Young Adult version.

A life interference measure specifically designed for young adults with anxiety and depressive symptoms does not currently exist. This paper describes the development and psychometric evaluation of a brief self-report measure of life interference associated with young adult anxiety and depression, the Child Anxiety and Depression Life Interference Scale - Young Adult version (CADLIS-YA). Cross-sectional, correlational and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Five-hundred and thirty-two participants aged 18-24 years recruited from an undergraduate and community sample completed the CADLIS-YA. An EFA supported a three-factor model describing the impact of young adult anxiety and depression on social life, family and daily life interference. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency were good to excellent. Convergent validity was demonstrated, and the scale differentiated between young adults with and without elevated anxiety and depressive symptoms. Support for divergent validity was limited. The CADLIS-YA is a reliable and valid life interference measure for young adults with symptoms of anxiety and depression. It is potentially suitable for administration in low-resource research settings and it has promise for use in clinical settings; however, it needs validation in a clinical sample.

Sex difference in the relationship between environmental unpredictability and depressive symptom in Chinese adolescents: The chain mediating role of sense of control and fast life history strategies.

Adolescents are at a high risk of depressive symptom. A substantial body of literature indicates that early environmental unpredictability (EU) significantly affects the likelihood of developing depressive symptom. However, only a few studies have focused on the mediating mechanisms underlying this relationship. Based on life history (LH) theory and the adaptive calibration model, this study constructed a chain-mediating model to examine whether the association between EU and depressive symptom among Chinese adolescents is mediated by sense of control and fast life history strategies. In total, 1838 Chinese adolescents (47.8% women, mean age=13.17±0.99years) participated in this study and responded to self-report measures of EU, fast LH strategies, sense of control, and depressive symptom. (1) There were significant correlations between EU, sense of control, fast LH strategies, and depressive symptom. (2) After controlling for the effects of sex, age and socioeconomic status, EU still had a significant positive effect on depressive symptom. (3) Adolescent depressive symptom was partly influenced by EU through three different pathways: the mediating role of sense of control, the mediating role of fast LH strategies, and the chain-mediating role of both sense of control and fast LH strategies. (4) There are significant gender differences in the above chain mediation models. The analysis is cross-sectional, which limits causal inference. These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of risk factors for adolescent depressive symptom. The chain-mediating effect of a sense of control and fast LH strategies plays an important role in the occurrence of depressive symptom.

An intergenerational study of mental health among parents and adolescents

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to examine the association between parents’ mental disorders and adolescents’ self-rated health, using both subjective and objective assessment of parents’ mental health status. Methods This cohort study was based on the Danish Future Occupation of Children and Adolescents cohort. Study population 25,891parents (biological parents or registered guardians) linked to 13,067 adolescents. Survey data were merged with register data on parent mental health, and logistic regression was used to analyse association between the register- and self-report data on parents mental health, and self-rated global health among their offspring. Results Adolescents’ self-rated health was associated with their parents’ mental disorders, showing an unadjusted OR of 1.5 (95% CI 1.4-1.6) when assessing parental mental disorders using ICD-10 diagnoses and an unadjusted OR of 2.0 (95% CI 1.8-2.2) when using the adolescents’ self-reported measure on the parental mental disorder. Adjustment for adolescents’ sex, adolescents’ mental disorders during childhood, parental education, and parental labour market attachment led to a decreased association between parents’ mental disorders and adolescents’ self-rated health in both analyses with an adjusted OR of 1.2 (95% CI 1.1-1.4) when assessing parents’ mental disorders using ICD-10 diagnoses and an adjusted OR of 1.8 (95% CI 1.6-2.0) when using the adolescents’ self-reported measure on parental mental disorder. Conclusions This study documents a clear pattern in mental disorders across generations and that parental labour market attachment as well as mental disorders in earlier life phases are risk factors for developing mental disorders in adolescence. The results point to the importance of public health interventions aimed at the more vulnerable group of adolescents, where mental health problems are observed over two generations. Key messages • There is a clear pattern in mental disorders across generations. • Parental labour market attachment are risk factors for developing mental disorders among their offspring.

Validation of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support among LGBT population in Serbia

Abstract Background Social support represents the belief that one is valued, cared for, and loved by others in a social network and a lack of it may lead to adverse outcomes such as a relapse into depression or emotional distress in physically ill patients. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) is an instrument aimed to measure an individual’s perception of how much he or she receives outside social support. This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the Serbian version of MSPSS in a sample of LGBT population in Serbia. Methods The cross-sectional study included 504 respondents, members of the LGBT population living in Serbia. The instrument used was the MSPSS as a self-report measure, containing twelve items rated on a 7-point Likert scale. MSPSS consists of three sub-scales: Family, Friends, and Significant Others. Exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed with two independent random samples. Results The average score on the scale of social support was 5.58±0.84 (scale of social support by family 4.62±1.41, scale of social support by friends 5.93± 1.99, and scale of social support by the significant others 6.20±0.96, respectively). The Cronbach’s alpha for the entire social support scale was α = 0.772. The three-factor structure of the MSPSS was proved with EFA and CFA. The factor loadings varied between 0.630-0.817. The three factors explained a total of 52.68% of the variance (factor 1- 28.62%, factor 2. 13.16%, factor 3- 10,90%). The three-factor model was adopted during the CFA when the three-factor model CFI (comparative fit index) was 0.969. Conclusions The MSPSS has shown good reliability, internal validity and construct validity and can be used as a convenient measure of social support among the LGBT population. Both EFA and CFA yield a three-factor structure consistent with the theory underlying the measure’s development. Key messages • The results of the study suggest that the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support has acceptable psychometric properties for use with the LGBT population. • This study supports the use of the MSPSS for assessing community-based collaboration using the three-factor model among the LGBT population.

Unveiling the association between 24-hour movement guidelines and academic engagement in adolescents.

The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between adherence to different possible combinations of the 24-hour movement guidelines and academic engagement in adolescents. The cross-sectional study involved 742 students (median = 15.00; interquartile range = 3.00), aged 12 to 17 years (422 girls; 56.9%). Physical activity, screen time, sleep duration, and academic engagement were measured using self-report measurements. A generalized additive mixed model and a generalized linear mixed model were used to examine the association between adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines and academic engagement. Age, sex, socioeconomic status, body mass index, and school were considered as covariates. Students who met all three guidelines showed the highest levels of academic engagement. Conversely, the lowest levels of academic engagement were observed in those who did not meet any of the guidelines. In addition, students' academic engagement was higher as more 24-hour movement guidelines were met. Our results suggest the importance of jointly promoting 24-hour movement guidelines, as it appears to have greater benefits on adolescent academic outcomes. Not meeting any of the three 24-hour movement guidelines was associated with lower academic engagement. Meeting all three 24-hour movement guidelines was related to higher academic engagement. Previous research has focused on the association between the three 24-hour movement guidelines and academic performance. However, the relationships of these behaviors on academic engagement have been little studied. The results of this study highlight the importance of promoting these three behaviors in adolescent academic outcomes.

Medication adherence and antithrombotic therapy outcomes: insights from a post-hoc analysis of the AFIRE trial

Abstract Background The AFIRE (Atrial Fibrillation and Ischemic Events With Rivaroxaban in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease) trial established noninferiority in efficacy and superiority in safety endpoints of rivaroxaban monotherapy over rivaroxaban plus antiplatelet therapy (combination therapy) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and stable coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the impact of medication adherence to rivaroxaban on AFIRE study outcomes remains unclear. Purpose This post-hoc analysis aimed to explore the influence of medication adherence on AFIRE trial results. Methods Among 2,120 patients, participants were classified into adherent and non-adherent groups based on self-reported measures, which were further verified through on-site visits to the facilities. Adherent patients were defined as those who reported consistently taking their medication as prescribed. The primary efficacy endpoint comprised stroke, systemic embolism, myocardial infarction, unstable angina requiring revascularization, or all-cause death, including cerebral events. Analysis also examined differences in the primary efficacy endpoint between adherent and non-adherent patients. Results Of the 2,120 patients, 2,012 (94.9%) were adherent to rivaroxaban, while 108 (5.1%) were non-adherent. Among adherent patients, rivaroxaban monotherapy showed significantly better efficacy outcomes compared to combination therapy (hazard ratio [HR] 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54–0.98; p=0.04, Figure 1A). However, primary efficacy outcomes did not significantly differ among non-adherent patients (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.23–1.81, p=0.40, Figure 1B). Adherent patients exhibited improved outcomes relative to non-adherent patients, though this difference was not statistically significant (HR 1.68; 95% CI 0.99–2.85; p=0.05, Figure 2A). In clinically high-risk patients with a history of angina pectoris, those who demonstrated adherence to medication (n=1281) exhibited significantly better efficacy outcomes compared to non-adherent patients (n=68) (HR 1.97; 95% CI 1.09–3.56; p=0.03, Figure 2B). Conclusions Rivaroxaban monotherapy versus combination therapy showed favorable efficacy outcomes in patients with good adherence, consistent with the overall AFIRE trial. However, these benefits were not observed in non-adherent patients. Adherence to rivaroxaban is crucial for achieving its maximum therapeutic effect as monotherapy.Figure1Figure2

Validity and reliability of a physical literacy knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy and behaviors questionnaire for early childhood educators (PLKASB-ECE): An exploratory factor analysis.

Nurturing physical literacy in young children offers a unique opportunity to address global physical inactivity trend. Early childhood education and care (ECEC) environments, with their extensive reach into this age group, and early childhood educators, through their daily interactions with children, are strategically positioned to influence children's physical literacy development. However, enhancing educators' ability to foster physical literacy requires valid and reliable assessment tools to measure holistic physical literacy constructs (i.e., cognitive, affective, behavioral) to assess the impact of physical literacy educational interventions. The purpose of this study was to develop a holistic digital tool to measure physical literacy knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and behaviors of early childhood educators (PLKASB-ECE) for both their professional teaching context as well as the educator's own personal physical literacy behaviours. This study was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 involved item generation and content validation. Phase 2 employed a cross-sectional validation study design to assess the psychometric properties of the PLKASB-ECE tool. Based on a literature review an initial 19-item instrument was developed that subsequently underwent three rounds of expert content validation. Six additional items were added, resulting in a final 25-item self-report measure with a readability score equivalent to an 8th grade reading level (Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level: 8.7). This included 1 global rating item, 2 qualitative response items, 7 knowledge items, and 15 items addressing physical literacy attitudes, self-efficacy and behaviors using a 7-point Likert response scale. The PLKASB-ECE tool was administered to 470 educators in Alberta, Canada between 2019 to 2022. The 15 items were subjected to exploratory factor analysis and resulted in a five-factor scale with one item not loading. The five-factor scale held with the final 14 items with loadings ranging from 0.481 to 0.886, Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.70 to 0.82, with ordinal omega ranging from 0.72 to 0.82. Usability, as assessed by completion time, was 8.15 minutes. These findings demonstrate good indices of reliability and validity for the PLKASB-ECE tool. This tool will be valuable as a research outcome measure for assessing educational interventions aimed at enhancing educators' understanding, confidence, and strategies for fostering holistic concepts of physical literacy in young children within ECECs.

Can self-guided colouring improve university student wellbeing, mental health, and mindfulness?

ABSTRACT Background Mindfulness-based interventions can successfully improve wellbeing in young adults. Mindful colouring is an applied mindfulness practice and improves short-term wellbeing. Less evidence is available about the effectiveness of regular, self-guided colouring. We investigated a self-guided two-week colouring intervention for university student wellbeing. Methods One-hundred and forty university students completed a minimum of 10-min self-guided colouring, six times over two weeks. Participants were assessed at baseline and two-week follow-up using self-report measures of wellbeing, relating to quality of life, perceived stress, anxiety, depression, and mindfulness. Results Colouring significantly improved all measures of mental health, wellbeing and mindfulness in students who completed at least six sessions of self-guided colouring. Conclusion Colouring is an accessible activity that can improve student wellbeing when carried out regularly over two weeks. Future research should investigate the impact of longer-term colouring practice on wellbeing, and the effect of this intervention in the general adult population.

A modified transactional model of stress and coping on depressive symptoms among informal caregivers of persons with dementia

Informal caregivers are crucial to the care of persons with dementia (PWD), but their role is often reported as challenging. This study aims to examine caregiver stress and depressive symptoms among informal caregivers of PWD using a modified transactional stress and coping model. Path analysis was conducted among a sample of informal caregivers of PWD in Singapore (n = 281) using information on functional dependence and memory and behavioral problems of PWD, and self-reported measurements on caregivers’ knowledge of dementia, perceived positive aspects of caregiving, social support, coping patterns, caregiving self-efficacy, caregiving burden and depressive symptoms. The initial model reflecting our assumptions for the transactional stress and coping model showed a poor fit (model 1 - CFI = 0.858, TLI = 0.665, RMSEA = 0.118). Logical modifications were made until sufficient model fit was achieved (model 2 - CFI = 0.987, TLI = 0.955, RMSEA = 0.043). We then removed the insignificant paths in model 2 and obtained our final model (model 3 - CFI = 0.990, TLI = 0.974, RMSEA = 0.033). The final model supported our hypotheses, with some adjustments. This study advances our understanding of caregiver distress by modifying the transactional stress and coping model, including (1) the key role of caregiver self-efficacy in the primary appraisal process, (2) the dynamic assessment of coping resources across all stages of the model, and (3) the importance of coping patterns. Future studies could explore the generalizability of these findings.

Dyadic Effects of Attachment on Illness Acceptance in Patients with Breast Cancer and Spousal Caregivers: Sense of Coherence as a Mediator

Background: Attachment styles have been found to play a significant role in adjustment to cancer. Couples often cope with breast cancer through an interdependent approach to the disease rather than just acting as individuals, and a sense of coherence is an important factor that influences these relationships. This study examined how attachment styles and sense of coherence impact illness acceptance in couples facing breast cancer within a dyadic perspective. Methods: Data were analyzed from 145 women with recently diagnosed breast cancer and their 145 partners, who attended clinic appointments related to medical treatment. They completed self-report measures of attachment, sense of coherence, and illness acceptance. Results: Higher secure attachment and low insecure attachment scores were associated with a higher sense of coherence and better illness acceptance both in women and partners. Results of actor–partner interdependence mediation models indicated that most associations between attachment styles and illness acceptance were mediated by sense of coherence within both intrapersonal (actor–actor) and interpersonal (actor–partner) effects. Conclusions: The interdependence in attachment and sense of coherence brought noticeable benefits to couples’ illness acceptance when facing breast cancer. In line with the salutogenic model, these relationships predominantly depended on the mediational function of comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness, which determined cognitive and emotional reactions that influenced both patients’ and spouses’ acceptance of the disease.

AI trust divide: How recruiter-candidate roles shape tourism personnel decision-making

The artificial intelligence revolution has prompted tourism organizations to consider whether and how to use AI to improve efficiency and create value, particularly in areas such as personnel selection. Through five experimental studies (N = 2199), this paper first reveals that a trust divide exists between job candidates and recruiters in travel agencies. We then investigate how the consideration focus of personnel attributes mediates the impact of roles on trust through thought-listing (Study 1), mediation-by-moderation (Studies 2a & 2b), and self-reported measures (Study 3). To mitigate this misalignment, we examine the AI–human assemblage design and offer an optimal way to bridge the trust divide (Study 4). The current research extends motivated reasoning theory and provides novel insights into practice.

First-person thought is associated with body awareness in daily life

Sensations from the body are thought to play a critical role in many aspects of conscious experience, including first-person thought. In the present set of studies, we examined within-person relationships between in-the-moment subjective awareness of sensations from the body and self-reported first-person thought in real-world settings using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocols. In Study 1, participants reported experiencing greater first-person thoughts in moments when they also reported heightened awareness of sensations from their body, and this relationship was stable over a 4-week period even with mean-level changes in body awareness and first-person thought. In Study 2, we replicated this association in a 1-week EMA protocol using both self-report measures and measures derived from participants’ open-ended descriptions of their ongoing thoughts using a natural language processing approach. Taken together, findings shed light on the role of subjective body awareness in other facets of conscious experience.

Feasibility of Using Wearable Sensors to Measure Listening-Related Stress

Purpose: This study evaluated the feasibility of using wearable sensors to assess listening-related stress in varying listening difficulties. The results were compared to listening effort assessed using laboratory-grade physiological measures. We hypothesized that these wearable sensors could accurately measure listening-related stress and that the results would be in the same direction as those observed with laboratory-grade equipment. Method: A within-subject repeated-measures study was conducted on 16 young adults with typical hearing ability. Participants wore three commercially available sensors to record heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR), and galvanic skin response (GSR). Participants' listening-related stress was assessed using self-report, wearable sensors, and laboratory-grade physiological measures while listening to sentences in noise. Listening conditions were manipulated in terms of signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs; −4, 0, +4, and +8 dB SNR), sentence predictability (high and low), and stress-inducing negative feedback (flash of light and monetary punishers). Results: On average, participants reported higher arousal and task load with decreasing SNR, for low predictability, and with negative feedback. Participants had significantly higher HR and RR in difficult listening conditions, when measured with wearable sensors. However, no significant differences were observed for skin conductance. There was a good agreement between the measures for HR but not for RR and GSR. Conclusions: Although wearable sensors have potential in reflecting changes in listening effort, the results were not consistent with laboratory-grade measures. Methodological choices in both measures and design appear to affect outcomes. Future studies should focus on crafting designs appropriate to wearable devices to reflect changes in listening-related stress.

Jazz hands and jitters: Exploring valence and arousal dimensions with multidimensional scaling techniques

Utilizing the two-dimensional plane of valence and arousal with multi-dimensional scaling (MDS), the current study sought to better understand the structure of affect and the relationship between emotion items. The positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS) is the most frequently applied self-report measure of affect but has been criticized for only including high arousal emotions. A between-subjects, two-part experimental study was conducted. Participants (N = 548) were recruited online and asked to rate the similarity between one of two target words (anger: n = 271; calm: n = 277) and 143 emotion words. Our results provided evidence for the two-dimensional plane of valence and arousal, indicating that all four quadrants are important when studying affect. Overall, the current study found support for the activation-arousal theory of affectivity with MDS analyses. Emotion words clustered in all four quadrants of the two-dimensional plane, demonstrating the necessity of an affect measure that encompasses all four quadrants. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that the PANAS does not include items in the positive valence/low activation quadrant, however, a newly published measure was found to have increased item dispersion, with items included in all four quadrants of affect. Limitations and proposed future directions are discussed.

Randomized Controlled Trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Fatigue Interference With Functioning in Metastatic Breast Cancer.

Fatigue is a highly prevalent and disabling symptom for patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Evidence-based interventions for managing fatigue in advanced cancer populations are lacking. This phase II randomized controlled trial tested the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on fatigue interference with functioning in patients with MBC. Eligible patients were women with stage IV breast cancer who had moderate to severe fatigue interference. Patients completed a baseline assessment that included self-report measures of fatigue interference with activities, mood, and cognition (primary outcome) and sleep interference with functioning, engagement in daily activities, and quality of life (QOL; secondary outcomes). Then patients were randomly assigned to six weekly telephone-delivered sessions of either ACT (n = 116) or education/support (n = 120). Follow-up assessments occurred at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postintervention (means, 9.69, 20.51, and 33.59 weeks postbaseline, respectively). Linear mixed model analyses showed that compared with patients in the education/support condition, patients in the ACT condition reported significantly less fatigue interference (P = .018). These results were significant at 2 weeks and 6 months postintervention. ACT's effect on sleep interference was not statistically significant after the Sidak adjustment for multiple comparisons (P = .037). ACT patients showed a steady decline in sleep interference, a trend that was not found for education/support patients. Engagement in daily activities and QOL did not significantly differ between study groups, except for functional QOL (P = .006). Compared with education/support patients, ACT patients showed significantly better functional QOL at 2 weeks and 6 months postintervention. Results suggest that a brief, telephone-delivered ACT intervention can reduce fatigue interference with functioning in patients with MBC.

Emotion regulation strategies as moderators of the relationship between negative life events and trait anxiety

BackgroundAnxiety commonly occurs after experiencing negative life events. However, the role of emotion regulation strategies in moderating the relationship between negative life events and anxiety remains unclear. The current study 1) examines the associations between emotion regulation strategies and trait anxiety, and 2) explores whether the relationship between negative life events and trait anxiety is moderated by emotion regulation strategies, in particular, adaptative strategies such as cognitive reappraisal. MethodsWe used data from 1384 adolescents and young adults (ages 12–27) who completed measures of negative life events, emotion regulation strategies, and trait anxiety. Emotion regulation was measured using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale – Short Form. ResultsMultiple regression analyses showed that limited access to emotion regulation strategies, difficulty engaging in goal-directed behavior, lack of emotional awareness, lack of emotional clarity, nonacceptance of emotional responses, and use of cognitive reappraisal were associated with trait anxiety. Additionally, the positive association between negative life events and trait anxiety was moderated by difficulty engaging in goal-directed behavior and use of cognitive reappraisal. Sex differences were apparent for difficulty engaging in goal-directed behavior. Age-based analyses revealed that these interactions were specific to young adults. LimitationsLimitations include a cross-sectional design and reliance on self-report measures. ConclusionsLess use of adaptive emotion regulation strategies was associated with greater trait anxiety. Further, the relationship between negative life events and trait anxiety in young adults may depend on one's ability to engage in goal-directed behavior and use cognitive reappraisal.

The effect of very preterm birth on the Five-Factor Model of personality traits: A meta-analysis of individual participant data

There is mixed evidence on personality differences among those born very preterm or with very low birth weight (VP/VLBW). This meta-analysis of individual participant data aimed to examine differences in personality traits between VP/VLBW ( n = 568) and term-born ( n = 1,060) adults, and the role of neonatal characteristics and neurosensory impairments in childhood, which have not been previously investigated. Six studies were identified from two research consortia and a systematic search of the literature (PubMed and Scopus); studies were eligible if they included VP/VLBW and term-born adults followed from birth and assessed personality using the Five-Factor Model. Risk of bias (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale) was generally not a concern apart from the use of self-reported measures and the rate of follow-up. Using a one-stage approach, VP/VLBW scored lower on extraversion and openness and higher on neuroticism and agreeableness than term-born participants after adjusting for sex and parental education. Within the VP/VLBW group, those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia scored lower on extraversion and higher on neuroticism, with similar findings after removing participants with neurosensory impairments. Altogether, these findings suggest that a proportion of the effect of VP/VLBW birth on personality may be attributed to neonatal morbidities and altered brain development, although other confounding factors require further research.

Experiences with discrimination during pregnancy in Canada and associations with depression and anxiety symptoms.

Experiences of discrimination reported during pregnancy are common and are associated with poor mental health and adverse birth outcomes. No Canadian studies have investigated interpersonal discrimination during pregnancy. This study aimed to quantify and identify lived-experiences of discrimination in a Canadian cohort of pregnant individuals, and examine associations with concurrent prenatal anxiety and depression symptoms. Pregnant individuals from the pan-Canadian Pregnancy During the Pandemic (PdP) study (n = 1943) completed the Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS), demographic measures and self-report measures of depression and anxiety symptoms. Descriptive statistics and ANCOVA were used to assess prevalence of discrimination and associated mental health outcomes. Open-text responses (n = 189) to a question investigating reasons for discrimination were analyzed using conventional content analysis. Approximately three quarters (72%) of pregnant individuals experienced at least one instance of discrimination during their pregnancy or within the year prior. Pregnant individuals experiencing more frequent and/or more types of discrimination were more likely to identify as non-white, not be partnered, have lower socioeconomic status, and have a pre-pregnancy history of anxiety and depression. The most common attributions for interpersonal discrimination were gender, age, and education/income level. Pregnant individuals who experienced more frequent discrimination and/or more types of discrimination were more likely to report clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety (n = 623; 35.2% and 49.1%, respectively) compared to those who reported no discrimination (n = 539; 11.5% and 19.1%, respectively). Conventional content analysis of open-text responses generated the following main themes: (1) personal attributes and sociodemographic characteristics, (2) occupation, (3) the COVID-19 pandemic, (4) pregnancy and parenting, and (5) causes outside the self. Frequent discrimination was associated with more adverse concurrent mental health symptoms. Understanding experiences of discrimination can inform interventions that better address the needs of pregnant individuals and their infants.

01 Vaping, mental and physical health in adolescents in a COMPASS-Quebec cohort

Abstract Background Better knowledge of the association between vaping and youth’s health would help raise awareness among adolescents, parents, professionals and decision-makers on the likely threat it represents. Objectives Our objective is to examine the association between vaping, its frequency, and adolescent health. Design/Methods This observational study is based on data from the 2022-23 survey round of COMPASS-Quebec school cohorts through self-reported measures. It includes 45,203 respondents aged from 12 to 18 years old from 99 schools of Eastern Quebec. A four-modality variable depicts the vaping frequency in the last twelve months (abstinence, < once/month, ≥ once/month, ≥ once/week, daily). The measurement of health states is based on 5 dichotomous indicators: (i) good vs poor physical health (excellent, very good, good, vs fair, poor), (ii) maximum oxygen consumption considered at risk for health vs not (estimated VO2max, calculated using Léger’s equation); (iii) good vs poor mental health (excellent, very good, good, vs fair, poor); (iv) the presence vs absence of moderate to severe anxiety (GAD7, score ≥10/30) and; (v) the presence vs absence of significant depressive symptoms (CESD-R, score ≥10/21). Sex, age and family material deprivation level are taken into account as confounding factors. Results The proportion of adolescents who have vaped in the last 12 months is 26.8%. After adjustment, daily vaping is associated with poor physical health, a VO2max considered at risk for health, poor mental health, moderate to severe anxiety and significant depressive symptoms, compared to abstinence (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 2,46 [95%CI: 2,05-2,88]; 1,66 [95%CI: 1,44-1,89]; 1,88 [95%CI: 1,66-2,11]; 1,75 [95%CI: 1,53-1,97]; 1,55 [95%CI: 1,40-1,70]). A gradient in the associations between vaping frequency and lower mental health indicators has been observed. Adolescents who have vaped <once/month, ≥once/month, ≥once/week and daily have more risk of presenting moderate to severe anxiety (aRR 1,21 [95%CI: 1,09-1,33]; 1,44 [95%CI: 1,27-1,61]; 1,54 [95%CI: 1,37-1,72]; 1,75 [95%CI: 1,53-1,97]). Regarding significant depressive symptoms, aRR are 1,23 [95%CI: 1,14-1,32], 1,39 [95%CI: 1,27-1,51], 1,49 [95%CI: 1,36-1,62], 1,55 [95%CI: 1,40-1,70]. Regarding poor mental health, aRR are 1,29 [95%CI: 1,17-1,42], 1,61 [95%CI : 1,43-1,79], 1,63 [95%CI : 1,45-1,81], 1,88 [95%CI: 1,66-2,11]. Conclusion This study suggests a consistent association between health, both physical and mental, and use of electronic cigarettes in adolescents. Longitudinal studies would help clarify possible causal influence of vaping on youth's health.