Self-regulation Abilities Research Articles

Similar Age Preference but Different Attentional Control in Mandatory Hospitalized Individuals who Have Committed Sexual Offenses Against Children and Non-hospitalized Individuals With Self-Reported Sexual Interest in Children.

Thirty-two forensic persons who have committed sexual offenses against children (FP-SOC), 26 non-forensic persons of whom most have committed sexual offenses against children (NFP-SOC), 14 forensic persons who have not committed sexual offenses against children but have committed other offenses (FP-NSOC), and 53 non-forensic persons who have not committed sexual offenses against children (NFP-NSOC) were instructed to solve a cognitive task, while sexual distractors were presented simultaneously. Behavioral performance and eye movements were measured. FP-SOC and NFP-SOC exhibit same age preference patterns for children and adults, but both groups differ significantly with respect to sexual attentional control. Moderate discrimination accuracy and moderate effect sizes resulted for sexual interest, and good discrimination accuracy and large effect sizes were found for attentional control. Good attentional control in the NFP-SOC, probably reflecting superior sexual self-control and self-regulation abilities, might contribute to a better recognition and control of environmental factors in sexual risk situations, preventing them from being detected and convicted. Otherwise, strong cognitive distortions might serve for them as offense justification. We conclude that those non-forensic persons with sexual offense histories against children (NFP-SOC) with sexual interest in children, good attentional self-control and strong cognitive distortions represent a problematic group which should receive more attention regarding further research but also therapy. Future studies should include more suitable and larger control groups, appropriate instruments to measure independent variables, and investigate whether different classifications of pedophilic interest would be better suited to describe the eye movement patterns of our study participants.

Design and Performance of a Planetary Gearbox with Two DOFs

The article aims to describe the design and operation of a fundamentally new self-regulating planetary transmission, which, without a control system, changes the gear ratio under the influence of a variable external load. A self-regulating transmission can be created based on a kinematic chain with two degrees of freedom, having only one input. According to the laws of mechanics, such a chain has no definability of motion, since the number of inputs must be equal to the number of degrees of freedom. The equilibrium of a two-movable chain with one input can obtained by creating an additional constraint that substitutes a reaction in the instantaneous center of the intermediate link velocities by the friction moment in the hinge of the intermediate link. The friction moment creates a force constraint, which is taken into account in the equilibrium condition. The obtained equilibrium conditions ensure the definiteness of motion and the ability of self-regulation in the form of an inversely proportional dependence of the speed of the output link on the variable external load. The described method makes it possible to create a fundamentally new class of self-regulating mechanisms in all branches of technology. The interaction of kinematic and force parameters and the construction of parameter graphs was performed using the SolidWorks 2021 program with certain additions. The experimental studies performed confirm the reliability of the theoretical developments.

Features of the change in the thermal coefficient of electrical resistance upon heating electrically conductive composites of crystallizable polyolefins with carbon black

Objectives. To investigate electrically conductive polymer composite materials (EPCMs) based on crystallizable polyolefins and electrically conductive carbon black for the production of self-regulating heaters; to study the mechanism of the occurrence of positive and negative temperature coefficients (PTC and NTC) upon heating such composites.Methods. A comprehensive study of the structure and properties of crystallizable EPCMs with electrically conductive technical carbon was carried out. In order to measure the electrical characteristics of the composites, they were compacted into plates to model polymer heaters. Contact electrodes made of an ungreased brass mesh were embedded in their ends. The temperature dependencies of the electrical characteristics of the samples were investigated in a modified thermal chamber of an FWV 633.10 Vicat softening temperature meter. The change in the degree of crystallinity was analyzed by means of differential scanning calorimetry with a NETZSCH DSC 204 F1 Phoenix calorimeter. The dilatometric and rheological characteristics of the samples were studied using an IIRT-AM melt flow index tester.Results. It was determined that the self-regulation ability (an abnormally high positive thermal coefficient of electrical resistance) of selfregulating heaters made of composites of crystallizable polyolefins with electrically conductive technical carbon cannot be explained by the thermal expansion of EPCMs alone. It was shown that in crystallizable polyolefin-based EPCMs, the inversion of the thermal coefficients of electrical resistance (transition from PTC to NTC) is associated with a change in the aggregate state of EPCMs and the beginning of its transition to a viscous-flow state. A mechanism involving a sharp increase in the electrical resistance of self-regulating crystallizable polyolefin-based composite with electrically conductive technical carbon was proposed and substantiated. This mechanism takes into account the additional shear deformation effect produced on the crystalline phase of the EPCM by numerous expanding melt microvolumes formed at the early stages of the melting process with a minimum change in the degree of crystallinity.

직장 내 갑질과 이직의도와의 영향 관계에서 회복탄력성의 조절효과 연구 - 호텔 F&B 종사원을 중심으로

Objective : This study tested the moderating effect of resilience in the relationship between workplace incivility and turnover intention by targeting hotel F&B employees. Methods : This study conducted a survey using an online questionnaire from June 1 to June 30, 2024. Then, this study conducted an empirical analysis using the SPSS statistical program on a total of 252 subjects. Results : The analysis results are as follows:First, workplace incivility was found to have a significant effect on turnover intention. Second, resilience (self-regulation ability, interpersonal ability, and positivity) had a moderating effect in the relationship between workplace incivility and turnover intention. Implications : Based on these results, this study attempted to provide basic data for efficient human resource management operation in hotel companies.

Unravelling self-regulation in early childhood: protocol for the longitudinal SPROUTS study

BackgroundEnough is known about self-regulation to establish it as a priority target for education and intervention efforts beginning in early childhood, yet not enough to meaningfully and reliably alter developmental trajectories. Rather than resigning our aspirations, we need more nuanced and integrative understanding of self-regulation abilities and change.MethodsLaunching in 2024, SPROUTS is a 3-year longitudinal study of early self-regulation, beginning in the pre-school period (3–5 years old at Wave 1) with retrospective data back to birth and annual data collection across the transition to school period (ages 5–7 years at Wave 3). Data will be collected on children’s self-regulation, related abilities, outcomes, as well as prior and current contexts. One nested study within each Wave–that contributes complementary insights via supplementary and in-depth methods and data–will enable further exploration of contemporary issues related to self-regulation.DiscussionInsights generated can potentiate more effective intervention and education efforts by: improving intervention cost-benefit ratios; identifying likely mechanisms of change; easing burdens of unhealthy and antisocial behaviours associated with low self-regulation; and, most importantly, contributing to giving children the best early start to life. These benefits are timely in the context of intense policy and educational interest in fostering children’s self-regulation.Trial RegistrationOpen Science Framework: osf.io/maqdg. Date of registration: 26 Sep 2024.

Amygdala self-neuromodulation capacity as a window for process-related network recruitment.

Neurofeedback (NF) has emerged as a promising avenue for demonstrating process-related neuroplasticity, enabling self-regulation of brain function. NF targeting the amygdala has drawn attention to therapeutic potential in psychiatry, by potentially harnessing emotion-regulation processes. However, not all individuals respond equally to NF training, possibly owing to varying self-regulation abilities. This underscores the importance of understanding the mechanisms behind successful neuromodulation (i.e. capacity). This study aimed to investigate the establishment and neural correlates of neuromodulation capacity using data from repeated sessions of amygdala electrical fingerprint (Amyg-EFP)-NF and post-training functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-NF sessions. Results from 97 participants (healthy controls and post-traumatic stress disorder and fibromyalgia patients) revealed increased Amyg-EFP neuromodulation capacity over training, associated with post-training amygdala-fMRI modulation capacity and improvements in alexithymia. Individual differenaces in this capacity were associated with pre-training amygdala reactivity and initial neuromodulation success. Additionally, amygdala downregulation during fMRI-NF co-modulated with other regions such as the posterior insula and parahippocampal gyrus. This combined modulation better explained EFP-modulation capacity and improvement in alexithymia than the amygdala modulation alone, suggesting the relevance of this broader network to gained capacity. These findings support a network-based approach for NF and highlight the need to consider individual differences in brain function and modulation capacity to optimize NF interventions. This article is part of the theme issue 'Neurofeedback: new territories and neurocognitive mechanisms of endogenous neuromodulation'.

Touch: A Review of the Infant-Caregiver Relationship in the Neonatal Field

Touch is a domain of enormous importance with implications in development, from birth, and across the lifespan. This work aims to review touch implications within infant-caregiver interaction. A non-systematic review of the literature was performed to assess the relevance of touch in the neonatal period, on attachment, and in child development. The review was conducted on PubMed database, in May 2023 using the following keywords: “infant”, “child”, “baby”, “newborn”, “neonatal”, “touch”, “contact”, “tactile”, and “attachment”. In the neonatal period, close skin contact facilitates caregiver sensitivity and responsiveness, promotes parent-infant reciprocity, reduces psychological distress both in caregiver and infants, and regulates the infant’s physiological systems (circadian rhythm, autonomic regulation). Touch also plays a crucial role in attachment by contributing to synchrony and self-regulation abilities, since secure attachment promotes learning of emotional regulation, social skills, and behavioural organization. Early sensory experiences are critical to developmental dimensions such as cognitive, motor, and socio-emotional, and influence physical growth rate. Concluding, in neonatal care services, touch should be systematically addressed in routine appointments. Within the field of infant-caregiver interactions, there is an urgent need to create a reliable tool for tactile assessment, allowing clear interpretations and the development of target interventions.

The apple does not fall far: stable predictive relationships between parents’ ratings of their own and their children’s self-regulatory abilities

Having control over your own behavior and impulses is a critical skill that influences children’s academic, social, and emotional development. This study investigates the stability and predictive relationships between parents’ ratings of their own and their children’s executive function and delay aversion. Using data from approximately 1700 families collected during the COVID-19 pandemic, we employed hierarchical structural equation models and cross-lagged panel models to analyze the temporal stability and directional influences of executive function and delay aversion assessments.Our analysis revealed a substantial latent correlation (r = 0.48, p < 0.001) between parents’ and children’s executive function problems, indicating a shared variance of approximately 23%. Significant cross-lagged effects were found, with parental executive functions at T1 predicting child executive functions at T2 (β = 0.16, p = 0.005). For delay aversion, we found a latent correlation of r = 0.53 (p < 0.001) and significant within-timepoint and temporal stability, but no cross-lagged effects.These findings suggest that higher levels of executive function problems reported by parents at T1 correspond to an increased perception of similar problems in their children at T2. This highlights the importance of parental self-perception in assessing children’s abilities. Our results highlight the importance of incorporating family dynamics into interventions targeting executive function difficulties and delay aversion in children, and understanding this interplay enables the development of more effective, individualized approaches to support positive developmental outcomes.

Delay of Gratification in Preschoolers with Autism and Concerns for ADHD.

Self-regulation abilities in childhood are predictive of a range of challenges later in life, making it important to identify difficulties in this area as early as possible. Autistic children and those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often have difficulties with self-regulation, but little is known about the similarities and differences in such abilities across neurodevelopmental conditions. We examined self-regulation using a delay of gratification task in 36-month-old autistic children (n = 20), those showing clinically relevant concerns for ADHD (i.e. ADHD Concerns; n = 24), and Comparison children without these conditions (n = 130); early predictors of self-regulation were also assessed. Both the Autism and ADHD Concerns groups had greater difficulty waiting for a desired snack than the Comparison group. At the longest delay trial (30 seconds), a substantial percentage of autistic children (50%) and those with ADHD Concerns (35%) consumed the snack prematurely, in contrast to only 16% of the Comparison group. Parent-reported temperament-based impulsivity at 18 months and examiner-observed ADHD-like traits at 24 months were associated with increased self-regulation challenges at 36 months, regardless of group. Adjusting for verbal abilities attenuated some of these differences and associations, suggesting that language may be an important mechanism undergirding early self-regulatory abilities. Given possible links between preschool self-regulation and a range of critical functional outcomes, future studies may explore the efficacy of early interventions targeting impulsivity and regulatory behaviors in infants and toddlers at elevated likelihood for developing self-regulation challenges to potentially reduce the impact of these difficulties later in life.

Effects of total sleep deprivation on functional connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex: Insights from resting-state fMRI in healthy adult males

Inadequate sleep significantly impacts an individual's health by compromising inhibitory control and self-regulation abilities. This study employed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess the functional connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the whole brain in 16 healthy adult males after 36 h of total sleep deprivation. Additionally, this study investigated alterations in individuals' inhibitory control functions and physiological mechanisms following sleep deprivation. The results showed a significant increase in functional connectivity between the ACC, the left angular gyrus, and the right hippocampus following 36 h of continuous sleep deprivation. Conversely, functional connectivity was notably decreased between the ACC and the right insular cortex, right paracingulate gyrus, and bilateral putamen. Furthermore, changes in ACC functional connectivity were significantly correlated with alterations in behavioral performance in the go/no-go task after sleep deprivation. This study contributes to understanding brain network mechanisms in the anterior cingulate gyrus after sleep deprivation. It clarifies the relationship between functional connectivity changes in the anterior cingulate gyrus and inhibitory control post-sleep deprivation.

Exploring the programmability of autocatalytic chemical reaction networks

Networks of chemical reactions exhibit emergent properties under out-of-equilibrium conditions. Recent advances in systems chemistry demonstrate that networks with sufficient chemical complexity can be harnessed to emulate properties important for neuromorphic computing. In all examples, autocatalysis appears an essential element for facilitating the nonlinear integration of the input and self-regulatory abilities in the output. How this chemical analogue of a positive feedback mechanism can be controlled in a programmable manner is, however, unexplored. Here, we develop a strategy that uses metal ions (Ca2+, La3+, and Nd3+) to control the rate of a trypsin-catalysed autocatalytic reaction network. We demonstrate that this type of control allows for tuning the kinetics in the network, thereby changing the nature of the positive feedback. The simulations and experiments reveal that an input with one or more metal ions allow for temporal and history-dependent outputs that can be mapped onto a variety of mathematical functions.

“Regulating my anxiety worsens the safety of my driving”: The synergistic influence of spatial anxiety and Self-regulation on driving behavior

Spatial Anxiety (SA) can be defined as the fear and apprehension experienced during tasks that require spatial thinking and may negatively impact the execution of daily actions. Although it has been explored in several research fields, limited research has explored the effects of SA on specific driving behaviours. In the current study, it was hypothesised that the severity of SA affects risky driving behaviours, and that this relationship is mediated by the driver’s self-regulation abilities. Self-reported SA symptoms, driving self-regulation abilities, and risky driving behaviours (i.e., errors, violations, and lapses) were examined in 838 Italian drivers. Data were analysed through linear regressions and path analysis models, controlling for sociodemographic variables. The results showed the negative effects of SA on driving errors and lapses. As hypothesised, a driver’s self-regulation abilities mediated the influence of SA on driving lapses, but not on errors nor violations. These findings suggest that the inclination to self-regulate the SA experienced while driving contribute to increase the occurrence of driving lapses. Showing specific pathways through which SA impacts risky driving, these results provide valuable insights for the development of ’driver-focused’ road safety interventions.

Caregivers' Perception of Child Weight and Its Implications on Children's BMI: Examining the Role of Weight Concern and Pressed Eating Behaviors as Mediators.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between caregivers' perception of child weight, their concern about children's weight, pressed eating behaviors, and children's BMI. A Child Feeding Questionnaire was administered to 442 primary caregivers of school-aged children (6-12y old) in Hangzhou, China. Significant differences were observed in age, family average monthly income, and family care type among children with different weight statuses (P<0.05). Caregivers' perception of child weight was positively correlated with children's BMI. Caregivers' perception of child weight and children's BMI were negatively correlated with pressed eating behaviors. Caregivers' perception of the child's weight, BMI, and pressed eating behaviors were positively correlated with caregivers' weight concerns. Caregivers' perception of child weight not only had a direct positive predictive effect on children's BMI but also influenced children's BMI through three paths: via the independent mediation of children's weight concern, the independent mediation of pressed eating behaviors, and the chain mediation of children's weight concern and pressed eating behaviors. Caregivers need to rectify perception biases regarding child weight, adopt reasonable feeding strategies, nurture children's self-regulation abilities regarding diet, and prevent the occurrence of childhood overweight and obesity.

Assessing the relationship between driving skill, driving stress, and driving behavior

Introduction: Driving skill, driving stress, and driving behavior have an effect on road traffic safety. Most previous studies have investigated the effect of driving skill or driving stress on driving behavior separately. However, the relationship and effect mechanism between driving skill, driving stress, and driving behavior have been neglected. Method: 1207 licensed drivers completed a valid questionnaire, which consisted of driving skill subscale, driving stress subscale, and driving behavior subscale, and eight factors were identified from the three subscales. This study used correlation analysis, regression analysis to explore the relationship between driving skill, driving stress, and driving behavior, and examined the mediating and moderating roles of driving stress. Results: (a) There was a significant relationship between driving skill, driving stress, and driving behavior. (b) Highly skilled drivers showed decreased driving tension, thrill seeking, dislike of driving and increased hazard monitoring, and reported fewer lapses and errors, but more violations. Driving tension, thrill seeking increased aberrant driving behavior, while hazard monitoring helped reduce aberrant behaviors. (c) Driving stress had a mediating effect between driving skill on lapses and errors. Hazard monitoring and dislike of driving had a suppressing effect between driving skill on violations. (d) The positive effect of driving skill on violations was enhanced under positive driving tension and thrill seeking. Conclusions: Aberrant driving behavior was influenced by driving skill and driving stress. Driving skill influenced driving behavior through driving tension, hazard monitoring, and dislike of driving. Driving tension and thrill seeking moderated the relationship between driving skill on violations. Practical Applications: This study further explored the relationship between driving skill, driving stress, and driving behavior. It provides guidance for reducing aberrant driving behavior on driver education, that is, paying more attention to improving driving skill, as well as developing safety attitudes and self-regulation ability.

Analysis of coupling supersonic turbine stage with rotating detonation combustor under different turbine parameters

The rotating detonation gas turbine boasts several advantageous characteristics, including self-pressurization, minimal entropy increase, high thermal efficiency, and a high thrust-to-weight ratio. These features make it a promising candidate for the next generation of aerospace power devices. This study investigates the flow characteristics and performance attributes of the supersonic turbine stage coupled with a rotating detonation chamber based on different rotational speeds, blade ratio of rotor and stator, and hub radius, and uses DMD (Dynamic Mode Decomposition) to analyze the main modes of the supersonic turbine. The research identifies distinct wave modes in both the stator and rotor blades of the supersonic turbine. In the stator blades, the modes include waveless contact modes, opposite side λ-wave oblique shock wave modes, and derived modes from opposite side λ-wave oblique shock waves. In the rotor blades, the modes encompass non-separation modes (waveless modes, asymmetric dual λ-wave modes, oblique cut wave modes, and single-side λ-wave modes on the pressure surface), leading-edge stator excitation single separation bubble modes, saddle-type separation modes, and dual separation bubble modes. The efficiency and power of the supersonic turbine stage increase with the rotational speed. The turbine efficiency is highest when the blade ratio is 10:7. Under multi-wave mode conditions, detonation waves demonstrate adaptive self-regulation abilities, ultimately achieving equilibrium in speed, detonation wave height, and spacing. The dominant modes in the stator blades and combustion chamber are governed by detonation waves and slip lines, while in rotor blades, the primary mode is the flow-directional vortex mode governed by detonation waves and slip lines at a frequency lower than their propagation frequency. This research holds certain reference significance for understanding the internal flow characteristics of rotating detonation gas turbines, as well as discussing the patterns of efficiency, power, and load characteristics, thereby offering valuable insights for the practical application of rotating detonation gas turbines.

Episodic future thinking improves intertemporal choice and food choice in individuals with higher weight: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Episodic future thinking (EFT) strengthens self-regulation abilities by increasing the perceived value of long-term reinforcements and reducing impulsive choice in delay discounting tasks. As such, EFT interventions have the potential to improve dietary and eating-related decision-making in individuals with obesity or binge eating symptoms, conditions associated with elevated delay discounting. Here, we meta-analyzed evidence from 12 studies that assessed whether EFT interventions improve delay discounting and real-world food choice compared to control interventions. Included studies involved 951 adults with overweight or obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥25). There were no studies involving participants with binge eating disorder. EFT intervention pooled effects were significant, improving delay discounting with a medium effect, g = 0.55, p < 0.0001, and subsequent food choice outcomes with a small effect, g = 0.31, p < 0.01. Notably, our review is the first to analyze mechanisms of effect in this population, demonstrating that improvements were greater when temporal horizons of EFT episodes were aligned with delay discounting tasks and more distant horizons predicted far-transfer to subsequent dietary and eating-related choices. Our findings thus show that EFT is an effective intervention for individuals with higher weight at risk of adverse health consequences.

Review of Research on Motivation and EFL Students' Speaking Performance

In the context of global integration, English learning has become a more important topic, especially in developing speaking skills, which plays a vital role in cross-cultural communication. Motivation, as a psychological element that boosts individuals actions, has a significant impact on improving EFL students speaking competence. The study focuses on motivation and its influence on EFL students oral performance, aiming to explore how to improve students oral ability with motivational strategies effectively. In terms of methods, this study uses literature analysis, including literature review, theoretical analysis and empirical research. Based on the review of existing literature, the challenges posed by low motivation and self-regulation ability to EFL learners oral language development are identified. At the same time, this paper introduces the L2 motivational strategy, self-determination theory and Kellers ARCS motivation strategy theory and explores how these theories are applied in the real pedagogical context. The results show that intrinsic motivation positively correlates with students autonomous learning ability, teacher support autonomy and classroom participation. Moreover, self-determination motivation can effectively reduce spoken English anxiety and improve spoken English ability. Based on the result, this study points out the key role of motivational strategies in teaching and provides practical guidance for teachers to improve EFL students oral performance.

Immediate Versus Delayed Low-Stakes Questioning: Encouraging the Testing Effect Through Embedded Video Questions to Support Students’ Knowledge Outcomes, Self-Regulation, and Critical Thinking

AbstractIn light of the educational challenges brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a growing need to bolster online science teaching and learning by incorporating evidence-based pedagogical principles of Learning Experience Design (LXD). As a response to this, we conducted a quasi-experimental, design-based research study involving nN = 183 undergraduate students enrolled across two online classes in an upper-division course on Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at a large R1 public university. The study extended over a period of 10 weeks, during which half of the students encountered low-stakes questions immediately embedded within the video player, while the remaining half received the same low-stakes questions after viewing all the instructional videos within the unit. Consequently, this study experimentally manipulated the timing of the questions across the two class conditions. These questions functioned as opportunities for low-stakes content practice and retention, designed to encourage learners to experience testing effect and augment the formation of their conceptual understanding. Across both conditions, we assessed potential differences in total weekly quiz grades, page views, and course participation among students who encountered embedded video questions. We also assessed students’ self-report engagement, self-regulation, and critical thinking. On average, the outcomes indicated that learners exposed to immediate low-stakes questioning exhibited notably superior summative quiz scores, increased page views, and enhanced participation in the course. Additionally, those who experienced immediate questioning demonstrated heightened levels of online engagement, self-regulation, and critical thinking. Moreover, our analysis delved into the intricate interplay between treatment conditions, learners’ self-regulation, critical thinking, and quiz grades through a multiple regression model. Notably, the interaction between those in the immediate questioning condition and self-regulation emerged as a significant factor, suggesting that the influence of immediate questioning on quiz grades varies based on learners’ self-regulation abilities. Collectively, these findings highlight the substantial positive effects of immediate questioning of online video lectures on both academic performance and cognitive skills within an online learning context. This discussion delves into the potential implications for institutions to continually refine their approach in order to effectively promote successful online science teaching and learning, drawing from the foundations of pedagogical learning experience design paradigms and the testing effect model.

How learners’ achievement goal motivation influences their metacognitive skills in online social annotations context?

ABSTRACT Online learning requires high self-regulated abilities facilitated by metacognitive skills. Achievement goal motivation impacts metacognition, but their relationship in online learning contexts lacks consensus. One of the components of achievement goal orientation is mastery goal orientation which focuses on learning and self-improvement. The other component, performance goal orientation, emphasises demonstrating competence. This quantitative study collected questionnaire and behavioural log data from 39 learners and examined the interplay between achievement goal motivation and metacognitive skills within an online social annotation environment. Findings revealed that mastery goal orientation positively correlated with metacognitive planning and regulation, while performance goal orientation was predominantly associated with metacognitive regulation. Neither goals significantly correlated with metacognitive monitoring. Cluster analysis indicated that ‘balanced achievers’ with higher performance goal orientation may play a pivotal role in promoting social cognition. These insights deepen understanding of motivating learners and creating effective online learning approaches by leveraging the influence of achievement goal motivation on metacognitive strategies.

Strategies to promote self-regulated learning for online diverse students

The rapid growth of digital technologies has expanded opportunities for faculty to assist students with diverse self-regulatory abilities in online higher education. Yet, limited research explores effective strategies for supporting racially diverse students’ self-regulated learning (SRL) in online learning. Further, new research has called for educators to utilize adaptive technologies that provide effective prompts, feedback, and action recommendations to promote the dynamic process of SRL. Thus, this research qualitatively explored the strategies employed by faculty and the role of digital technologies perceived by faculty in providing adaptive support for the SRL of racially diverse students. Data from semi-structured interviews with twenty-eight faculty from a public university were analyzed through thematic analysis. Results provided two groups of themes. First, the strategies included (a) project-based activities, (b) collaborative learning projects, and (c) student-led facilitation. Second, the role of digital technologies involved (d) diversifying interaction channels and (e) monitoring progress and adjusting strategies. These results contribute to new knowledge regarding strategies to promote self-regulated learning of racially diverse students in higher education.