Self-regulated Strategy Instruction Research Articles

Effects of Self-Regulated Strategy Instruction in an Accelerated Developmental English Course: A Quasi-experimental Study

This study examines the effects of a curriculum based on self-regulated strategy instruction in an accelerated developmental education (DE) English course in a community college. Faculty at the college had established a four-week, two-credit compressed course that enabled students to enroll in an eleven-week first-year composition (FYC) course in the same semester, reducing remediation from fifteen weeks to just four weeks. The course focused on writing argumentative essays using sources. The study used a quasi-experimental design with five instructors and sixty-six students to compare the experimental curriculum to a business-as-usual control condition. In the experimental curriculum, students learned strategies for writing using sources, including strategies for critical reading and for planning and revising. In addition to writing and reading strategies, students also learned metacognitive, self-regulation strategies, such as goal setting, task management, and reflection. The study found a large positive effect (ES = .96) of the treatment on quality of an argument essay written using sources. However, no significant effects were found on a summary outline, self-efficacy, or completion of the subsequent FYC course. The study demonstrates the value of strategy instruction in DE English courses; it is the first experimental study of strategy instruction in an accelerated DE course. Further research is needed to evaluate the effects of strategy instruction in corequisite courses and in FYC.

Self-regulated strategy instruction: Insights from ESP teachers at a Chinese university and vocational college

Self-regulated learning (SRL) is pivotal in second language (L2) learning but is often inadequately addressed in classroom instruction. This qualitative study examines the SRL-promoting strategies employed by English for Specific Purposes (ESP) teachers at a university and a vocational college in China, both of which offer English-medium instruction (EMI) programmes. Grounded in Zimmerman's SRL model, this study employs multiple data sources, including interviews, classroom observations, and teaching materials. Findings reveal that teachers from both settings use a blend of explicit and implicit strategy instruction to foster both cognitive and metacognitive facets of SRL. University teachers integrate strong self-assessment methods, such as peer and teacher feedback, in their teaching. However, gaps in the teachers' conceptual understanding of SRL lead to inconsistent emphasis on various components and phases of SRL. Furthermore, our study identifies several factors, such as student characteristics, teacher knowledge and beliefs, and institutional constraints, that influence these instructional practices. The research stands out for its focus on ESP instruction within a Chinese educational context by juxtaposing two different educational settings. It underscores the need for specialized SRL-focused professional development, especially for vocational teachers, and underscores the importance of bolstering SRL in ESP to facilitate a seamless EMI transition.

The challenges of writing from sources in college developmental courses: Self-regulated strategy instruction.

The challenges of writing from sources in college developmental courses: Self-regulated strategy instruction.

Relationship Between Implicit Intelligence Beliefs and Maladaptive Self-Regulation of Learning

Objectives . Although prior research has uncovered shifts in computer science (CS) students’ implicit beliefs about the nature of their intelligence across time, little research has investigated the factors contributing to these changes. To address this gap, two studies were conducted in which the relationship between ineffective self-regulation of learning experiences and CS students’ implicit intelligence beliefs at different times during the semester was assessed. Participants . Participants for Studies 1 (n = 536) and 2 (n = 222) were undergraduate students enrolled in introductory- and upper-level CS courses at a large, public, Midwestern university. Race-ethnicity information was not collected due to IRB concerns about possible secondary identification of participants from underrepresented groups. Study Method . Participants completed a condensed version of the Implicit Theories of Intelligence Scale [ 16 , 54 ] and the Lack of Regulation Scale from the Student Perceptions of Classroom Knowledge Building scale [ 51 , 53 ] at the beginning (Studies 1 and 2), middle (Study 2), and end (Studies 1 and 2) of semester-long undergraduate CS courses. Survey responses were analyzed using path analyses to investigate how students’ lack of regulation experiences throughout the semester predicted their implicit intelligence beliefs at the beginning (Study 2) and end (Studies 1 and 2) of the semester. Findings . Results from Study 1 indicate that undergraduate CS students come to more strongly believe that their intelligence is a fixed, unchanging entity from the beginning until the end of the semester. Moreover, participants’ responses to the lack of regulation scale were predictive of their implicit intelligence beliefs at the end of the semester. Results from Study 2 indicate that ineffective self-regulation experiences early in the semester enhance CS students’ belief in the unchanging nature of intelligence (i.e., during the first half of the semester). Taken altogether, these findings provide evidence that self-regulation experiences influence students’ beliefs about the malleability of intelligence. Conclusions . Findings align with Bandura's [ 4 ] contention that students’ behaviors and experiences influence their values and beliefs. Students who experienced poor self-regulated learning came to view intelligence as more of a fixed, unalterable entity than their more successfully self-regulated peers. Findings suggest that CS instructors can positively affect student motivation and engagement by embedding self-regulated learning strategy instruction into their courses and helping CS students adopt an incremental-oriented (e.g., growth-oriented) belief system about their intellectual abilities.

Supplemental Material for The Challenges of Writing From Sources in College Developmental Courses: Self-Regulated Strategy Instruction

Supplemental Material for The Challenges of Writing From Sources in College Developmental Courses: Self-Regulated Strategy Instruction

Investigating Self-Regulated Strategy Development for Persuasive Writing With Elementary School Students in Aotearoa/New Zealand

ABSTRACT We investigated writing performance and knowledge of writing before and after a persuasive writing intervention for ethnically diverse elementary school students in a low socio-economic community in Aotearoa/New Zealand (NZ). We used a one-group pre-post design. The participants (n = 24) were year 5 and 6 students (ages 9–11) from the same classroom. Before the intervention, students completed writing tasks and a survey about their knowledge of writing. Next, they participated in a 5-week persuasive writing intervention in small groups. After the intervention, students again completed writing tasks and the survey. Results showed that after instruction, students’ persuasive writing performance (d = 1.46) and knowledge of writing improved. These exploratory findings suggest that self-regulated strategy instruction is a promising approach for promoting writing outcomes for ethnically diverse elementary school students in Aotearoa/NZ.

Practicing Academic Independence: Self-Regulation Strategies for Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

The term self-regulation (SR) refers to a set of specific cognitive skills necessary for students to independently manage, monitor, and assess their own academic learning and behavior. Students with and at risk for emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) often lack these skills. This article provides educators with step-by-step procedures and information on three research- or evidence-based SR strategies they can implement in their classrooms: self-regulated strategy development, self-monitoring, and strategy instruction.

Coupling text structure and self-regulated strategy instruction for ESL primary school students’ writing outcomes

Enlightened by the implied potential of coupling text structure knowledge and self-regulated strategies to enhance writing, this study explored the possible effects of a onemonth multicomponent intervention combining text structure with self-regulation training on writing. Target participants consisted of 178 primary school sixth-grade students learning English as a second language (ESL). Among them, 45 students received text structure instruction plus self-regulation strategy development (TSI+SRSD), 45 received text structure instruction only (TSI), 45 received SRSD only, and 43 were in a control group. Dependent variables were learners’ abilities to summarize main ideas and write essays. As expected, TSI instruction or SRSD instruction resulted in better writing outcomes (i.e., summarizing main ideas and writing essays). This study contributes to research on self-regulated writing development by providing evidence that the TSI+SRSD intervention was particularly effective in enhancing primary school ESL students’ abilities to summarize main ideas and write essays. This instructional approach seems promising in ameliorating ESL young learners’ writing ability and minimizing struggling writers’ compositional difficulties. Relevant implications for language education are also discussed.

Does It Function? Adapting visual mnemonics and self-regulated strategy instruction to teach argumentative writing

This investigation sought to answer the question, "How does an evidence-based teaching technique improve students' abilities to develop persuasive writing and utilize self-control tactics?" about ninth-grade pupils. In two Portuguese classrooms, The Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) paradigm was used for various planning and writing procedures for argumentative works. SRSD stands for the creation of self-controlled strategies. Utilizing mnemonic devices is a need for the model to facilitate training effectively. The incremental advantages of using dual-coding mnemonics were apparent when SRSD training was eventually implemented (that is, visual and verbal mnemonics) were investigated. This was done as a direct result of the above statement. The first group's SRSD training consisted of verbal and visual mnemonics (a total of 23 participants). During the SRSD lesson given to the second group (which had a total of 25 participants), verbal mnemonics were the only kind employed. A comparison was made between the groups and a group of 25 people serving as control which had no prior exposure to the received conventional instruction in writing. The following findings were supported to a considerable degree by the evidence: Writing quality, idea development, organizing, language clarity, and spontaneity of planning were all enhanced by using dual-coding mnemonics and SRSD teaching respectively. SRSD instruction also improved writing quality, organizing, and spontaneity of planning. b) The results of national tests administered 15 weeks following the teaching demonstrated that the improved SRSD procedures were effective. a) The organization of the writing was better, as was its spontaneity. b) The instruction provided by SRSD led to improvements in the planning and structure of improvisational writing. We will talk about the processes involved in modifying SRSD training to teach argumentative writing from the perspective of a particular culture. We will also examine the possible additional advantages of incorporating visual mnemonics into the standard daily SRSD training program.

A comparison of text structure and self-regulated strategy instruction for elementary school students’ writing

PurposeThis study aims to examine the writing outcomes of 6th-grade students learning English as a second language.Design/methodology/approachIn all 45 students in a text structure instruction (TSI) group were compared with 45 students in a self-regulated strategy instruction (SRSI) group and 43 students receiving traditional writing instruction. SRSI was adapted from the self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) model (MacArthur et al., 2015). The SRSD model includes self-regulation writing strategies, text and genre knowledge and think-aloud modeling. Findings allowed for a comparison of TSI and SRSI, in which organization knowledge does not need to be taught using SRSD methods. Measures of writing outcomes, including writing quality and summarization of main ideas, were administered after a one-month intervention.FindingsResults revealed that, compared with traditional instruction, the TSI and SRSI groups each exhibited better writing outcomes. Compared with the traditional instruction group, each technique had a unique impact: SRSI on writing quality, and TSI on main ideas included in written summaries. Linguistic and textual analyses of students’ writing revealed that the TSI and SRSI group learners both demonstrated high syntactic complexity, content organization and lexical variation in their compositions.Research limitations/implicationsThe present study provides empirical evidence that explicit teaching of SRSI writing strategies or TSI can be implemented effectively and elicit gains in elementary school L2 learners’ written output. A clear division does not exist between self-regulated writing strategies and text structure knowledge; the two techniques should be complementary, as suggested in the earlier SRSD model.Originality/valueClassroom-based research has addressed the need to enhance self-regulated capacity in writing. However, writing has become more challenging for primary school learners. In addition, writing is a cognitively demanding process. The plethora of processes involved in writing may be one of the factors that caused difficulties in writing. Thus, writing proficiency relies on the development of text structure knowledge and the fostering of self-regulation capabilities.

An Examination of Mindset Instruction, Self-Regulation, and Writer’s Workshop on Kindergarteners’ Writing Performance and Motivation: A Mixed-Methods Study

This convergent parallel mixed methods exploratory study used qualitative and quantitative data collected simultaneously, analyzed separately, and merged for an overarching interpretation. Kindergarten students (n = 27) were randomly assigned to either a control condition of Writer’s Workshop or an experimental condition that featured collaboration, student choice, structured self-regulated strategy instruction, and mindset training embedded in the Writer’s Workshop framework. The instruction lasted for 30 hours across 10 weeks. Results indicated significant growth for both basic (d = 0.72) and conceptual writing (d = 1.77). Students in the experimental group (n = 14) significantly increased motivation and perseverance for difficult writing tasks. Qualitative data including writing samples, interviews, and recordings supported the quantitative findings. Results indicate that adding mindset and self-regulation strategy instruction to the Writer's Workshop framework may improve motivation and independence in young writers.

자기조절학습 전략 중심 수업이 L2 학습자의 영어 독해능력에 미치는 영향

자기조절학습 전략 중심 수업이 L2 학습자의 영어 독해능력에 미치는 영향

Un sistema de tutoría inteligente para la mejora de la competencia escrita del alumnado de primaria

Diferentes revisiones empíricas y meta-análisis en el ámbito de la instrucción en escritura han señalado la instrucción en estrategias y el uso de programas informáticos como apoyo instruccional en las tareas de composición escrita como dos formas efectivas para favorecer la adquisición de una competencia escrita en el alumnado (ver Graham & Perin, 2007). En este estudio se presenta el desarrollo de un sistema de tutoría inteligente, denominado CSRI-OL ( C o g nitiv e S elf - R e g ula tio n I n s t r u c tio n O n - Lin e ), que precisamente aúna estas dos dimensiones instruccionales: la instrucción estratégica y autorregulada para la enseñanza de estrategias de planificación, redacción y revisión textual (ver Fidalgo & Torrance, 2018; Fidalgo, Torrance, Rijlaarsdam, van den Bergh, & Álvarez, 2015; Fidalgo, Torrance, & García, 2008; Torrance, Fidalgo, & García, 2007) y las potencialidades del planteamiento de dicha instrucción en un entorno on-line a través de una aplicación informática (ver para una revisión MacArthur, 2016). El objetivo de este estudio es proporcionar una descripción de las principales características y componentes del Sistema de Tutoría Inteligente CSRI-OL, analizando críticamente tanto las principales dificultades que conlleva la adaptación de un complejo enfoque instruccional multi-componente como es la instrucción estratégica a un entorno virtual, como, las principales potencialidades que abre al campo científico y educativo el desarrollo de sistemas de tutoría inteligente como el que se presenta. Finalmente, se discuten las líneas futuras de investigación a seguir en torno al análisis componencial de la instrucción estratégica en torno a dos dimensiones: qué componentes se enseñan y cómo se enseñan. Nota: Proyecto financiado por el Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (EDU2015-67484-P . MINECO/FEDER), concedido a la Dra. Fidalgo.

The Effect of Self-regulated Strategy Instruction and Behavioral Consultation on Motivation: A Longitudinal Study on the Effect of School-Based Interventions in Secondary Education

Studies show a decrease in students’ motivation in secondary education. Hence it was investigated whether training of teachers could stop this decline. Two interventions were implemented in pre-vocational secondary education, being self-regulated strategy instruction and behavioral consultation combined with strategy instruction. The longitudinal effects of the two interventions were tested on the goal orientations of 279 students. The growth curves show a long term effect of the intervention combining teacher consultancy with strategy instruction on task orientation, ego-enhancing orientation and ego-defeating orientation as compared to the control condition. For the strategy instruction only condition, only effects on ego orientation were found. The outcomes suggest that combining the instruction of self-regulation strategies with teacher consultation on student problem-solving can stop the downward trend in student motivation, even on the long term.

Persuasive Writing With Mobile-Based Graphic Organizers in Inclusive Classrooms Across the Curriculum

As writing instruction expands beyond the language arts classroom, students with disabilities, English language learners, and others who struggle with writing continue to need support with written expression. A timely practice to support student writing is the use of technology. This study used a quasi-experimental group design to examine the effects of a mobile-based graphic organizer (MBGO) with embedded self-regulated learning strategies and strategy instruction on the persuasive writing of middle school students in an inclusive classroom. After given opportunities to practice writing in the content areas, students with and without disabilities who used the MBGO on an iPad to compose persuasive essays significantly outperformed students with and without disabilities in the control group for number of transition words and writing quality. Limitations of the study and future research suggestions are discussed.

Self-Regulated Strategy Instruction for Developing Speaking Proficiency and Reducing Speaking Anxiety of Egyptian University Students

<p>The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of teaching some self-regulated strategies to Egyptian university students on improving their speaking proficiency and reducing their speaking anxiety. The design of the study was a one group pre-posttest quasi experimental design. Forty 3<sup>rd</sup>- year EFL university students were selected to form the experimental group of the study. This experimental group was tested using the pre-post speaking test and speaking anxiety scale before and after being exposed to the self-regulated strategy treatment. Paired- samples t-test revealed significant differences between the pretest and posttest of speaking proficiency as well as speaking anxiety in favor of the posttests. Additionally, a negative correlation was shown between speaking proficiency and speaking anxiety. It was concluded that teaching self-regulated strategies to university students was effective in developing their speaking proficiency and reducing their anxiety considerably.</p>

Self-regulated strategy instruction in college developmental writing.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a curriculum for college developmental writing classes, developed in prior design research and based on self-regulated strategy instruction. Students learned strategies for planning, drafting, and revising compositions with an emphasis on using knowledge of genre organization to guide planning and self-evaluation. In addition to specific writing strategies, students learned strategies for self-regulation. This quasi-experimental study involved 13 instructors and 276 students in 19 developmental writing classes at 2 universities. The curriculum was taught for a full semester in 9 classes and compared with a business-as-usual control condition in 10 classes. Significant positive effects were found for overall quality of writing on a persuasive essay (ES = 1.22), and for length (ES = .71), but not for grammar. Significant positive effects were also found for self-efficacy and mastery motivation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Examining the Efficacy of Self-Regulated Strategy Development for Students with Emotional or Behavioral Disorders: A Meta-Analysis

Two previous reviews have indicated that self-regulated strategy instruction (SRSD) is an evidence-based practice that can improve the writing skills of students with emotional and behavioral disorders. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to extend the findings and analytic methods of previous reviews by examining published studies regarding SRSD, analyzing the findings of both single-case and group designs using a common effect size metric (Hedges g), and applying methods to address publication bias. In addition, the present meta-analysis examined the difference in treatment effect due to differences in moderating variables. Sixteen of the 20 studies examined met inclusion criteria based on the Council for Exceptional Children's Standards for Evidence-Based Practices in Special Education. Results indicated that SRSD interventions had large effect sizes across three dependent variables (i.e., essay elements, quality, and word count), and treatment effects were significant for study design and race/ethnicity. Type of instruction, intervention agent, and gender did not significantly predict response to SRSD instruction. Also, the results showed limited risk of bias in the tendency of journals to publish only positive findings. Based on these findings, implications for future research and teaching with SRSD are discussed.

Self-Regulated Strategy Instruction in Developmental Writing

This design research project developed and evaluated curriculum for developmental writing classes in community colleges. The core of the curriculum was self-regulated strategy instruction, which has been shown to be effective with adolescents who are struggling as writers. In the curriculum, students learned strategies for planning, drafting, and revising compositions with an emphasis on using knowledge of text organization to guide planning and self-evaluation. In addition to specific writing strategies, students learned strategies for self-regulation. The study is part of a project that developed two levels of developmental writing courses, but only the lower level course is addressed in this article. This article reports findings from the first two cycles of implementation and revision. Over two semesters, the curriculum was implemented in eight classes taught by three instructors and revised after an analysis of quantitative and qualitative data. Substantial gains in writing achievement and motivation were found, especially in the second cycle. In addition to successes, the article discusses design challenges for the curriculum and professional development.

Self-Regulated Strategy Instruction in Regular Education Settings: Improving Outcomes for Students With and Without Learning Disabilities

Middle school students with and without learning disabilities (LD) were taught a strategy for planning and writing expository essays, using the Self-Regulated Strategy Development approach to instruction. Instructional procedures helped students to consider fully their topic in advance of composing and to use text structure knowledge to develop 5-paragraph essays. Students were instructed in procedures that encouraged planning throughout the composing process, as they set both process and content goals for writing. Regular education teachers provided instruction to all students in inclusive classrooms, and the effects of the instructional program were assessed using a multiple baseline with multiple probes in baseline design. Positive results were found for students with LD and low-, average-, and high-achieving writers: Students' papers became longer, more complete, and improved in quality. Changes in both writing performance and behavior were maintained over time.