Self-Regulated Strategy Development Model Research Articles

Adapting Self-Regulated Strategy Development Model to Teach Deaf Learners English Writing Skills

Adapting Self-Regulated Strategy Development Model to Teach Deaf Learners English Writing Skills

Middle school educators’ experiences in a cross-institutional professional development model for enhancing writing instruction

PurposeThis paper explores a five-year case example of two educators engaged in practice-based professional development (PBPD) for the Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) model in a middle school. It examines the transformative effects and challenges of improving writing instruction, the activities involved and alternative PBPD delivery methods. Highlighting a collaborative effort between an institute of higher education (IHE), a middle school and ThinkSRSD, a PBPD for SRSD developer, the example underscores the long-term benefits and innovative insights into engaging with PBPD for SRSD over multiple years.Design/methodology/approachThe case involves analyzing survey data collected over five years. These surveys, which included specific SRSD-related queries and open-ended questions, were instrumental in assessing the evolution of the educators’ perceptions regarding SRSD and their engagement with PBPD. Additionally, the paper details PBPD activities as documented in a research journal, providing a comprehensive account of the developmental process.FindingsThrough a cross-institutional partnership, two middle school general educators participated in PBPD for SRSD for 30 h across five years. Their engagement with PBPD progressed from initial introduction and implementation to facilitating PBPD for SRSD among peers and at the national level. Over time, the most consistently enacted SRSD action was “memorize it,” while actions such as “discuss it,” “support it” and “independent performance” showed greater variability. Both educators consistently praised SRSD and sought continued PBPD engagement over the five years.Originality/valueOur case example is the first five-year analysis of PBPD for SRSD among general middle school educators, highlighting the benefits and challenges of adopting evidence-based writing instruction. Our example emphasizes the need for continuous and focused professional development in areas crucial for student success, including self-regulation, prewriting strategies and techniques for fostering independent performance. Moreover, the two middle school educators’ critical feedback is invaluable for refining PBPD for SRSD. This work also enriches professional development schools (PDS) literature by offering effective strategies to support middle school teachers in developing a vibrant writing community, a cornerstone for student advancement in writing.

SELF-REGULATED LEARNING STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT ON ENHANCING STUDENTS READING COMPREHENSION SKILLS

This conceptual paper explores the importance of self-regulated learning strategy development in enhancing students' reading comprehension skills. It presents an overview of empirical research conducted in this area, emphasizing the impact of metacognitive self-regulated strategies on students' comprehension, engagement, and overall academic success. The paper discusses the Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) model as a framework for implementing self-regulated learning strategies in reading instruction. The six stages of SRSD, including developing background knowledge, discussing, and modeling the strategy, memorizing it, supporting its use, and establishing independent practice, are outlined as a comprehensive approach to fostering metacognitive awareness and self-regulation in reading. This paper underscores the importance of incorporating self-regulated learning strategies into reading comprehension to empower students as independent, metacognitive readers. By equipping students with cognitive and metacognitive tools, educators can foster a lifelong love for reading and enhance students' comprehension abilities, leading to academic success and continued growth as self-regulated learners.

Effects of SRSD writing interventions in grade 3: examining the added value of attention vs. transcription training components

Children’s writing depends on strategic and self-regulated behaviors as well as on attention and transcription skills. Despite the well-established effectiveness of interventions based on the self-regulated strategy development model (SRSD), little is known about their effects when combined with the explicit teaching and systematic training of attention or transcription. This study compared the effects of SRSD interventions that taught students a planning strategy and how to use it compose text, with additional components of attention (via focused meditation exercises) or transcription (via copy and alphabet exercises). We used a quasi-experimental design with three groups of Portuguese third graders: SRSD + attention (n = 42), SRSD + transcription (n = 37), and wait list (n = 34). Measures of transcription, executive functions, motivation, written production, and academic achievement were collected before and after the interventions. Analyses of co-variance revealed that the SRSD + transcription group surpassed the others in terms of handwriting fluency as well as in terms of spelling accuracy, though only among the weakest spellers at pretest. Moreover, in comparison to the wait list group, both SRSD groups showed better planning skills, wrote more complete texts, and displayed better executive functioning at posttest. After the intervention, though the SRSD + transcription group produced better texts than their peers, the SRSD + attention group achieved better academic performance, but only among those with poorer grades at pretest. Regarding motivation, we only found an effect of the SRSD + transcription intervention on self-efficacy for ideation, among students with lower self-efficacy at pretest. These findings suggest the importance of articulating writing and self-regulation strategies with attention and transcription training in early schooling.

Overcoming barriers and paradigm wars: Powerful evidence-based writing instruction

ABSTRACT The ability to write is fundamental for learning and achievement across Grades K-12, performance in the workplace, continuing education, college, personal development, and addressing social justice. The majority of our students, however, are not capable writers. We have a body of evidence-based practices (EBPs) and best practices that can make a meaningful difference in writing development for our students. We describe one EBP for writing instruction, the Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) model of instruction for writing. SRSD results in meaningful improvements in students' writing across grades 1-12 and can be integrated with best practices, including writers' workshop. We then separate fact from fiction regarding this approach for teaching students to write and to engage in reading for writing. Finally, we address paradigm wars and additional barriers to widespread adoption of SRSD in schools, and how to address these barriers.

Influence of Self-Regulated Strategy Development on the Performance of Virtual Reality-Based Teaching in Online Learning

Virtual reality technology has been fully integrated into the field of education. Such technology has become the focus of online learning that uses efficient and advanced virtual reality technology to improve the efficiency of learners. Online learning also gives full play to the characteristics of free learning time, flexible location, and free learning pace. Although online learning also easily leads to low efficiency due to physical isolation, it can effectively improve the performance of virtual reality-based teaching by using the self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) model. Based on this model, an experiment was conducted on online teaching course for first-year linguistics students of a provincial graduate school in China to test the influence of the model on the performance of virtual reality-based teaching in online learning. Results show that after the SRSD model, a significant difference is observed between pretest scores and post-test scores of graduate students in the experimental group (t=−4.925, p=0.000). A significant difference is observed between pretest self-regulation and post-test self-regulation of graduate students in the experimental group (t=−7.505, p=0.000). Finally, significant differences are observed between the experimental and control groups in the improvement of post-test scores and post-test self-regulation. Conclusions are of important reference value for enriching the application of the SRSD model in virtual reality-based teaching, improving the self-regulation ability of students, and improving the performance of learners by adopting a model more suitable for the characteristics of online teaching.

Implementation of Technology-Supported Self-Regulated Strategy Development Model in the Education of Gifted and Talented Students

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of writing education carried out according to the self-regulation strategy development model on the self-regulation writing skills, self-efficacy perceptions, and creative thinking skills of gifted and talented students. In this study, a pre-test and post-test design with a control group was utilized, which is among the experimental designs. The study group consisted of 42 students aged 10-11 years who were diagnosed as gifted and talented and were studying at the same science and art center in Istanbul. In this research, the Self-Regulated Writing Scale, Self-Efficacy Writing Scale, and Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking Figural Form A were applied. Information about the scales is presented. Within the scope of the study, a 6-stage self-regulated strategy development model was enhanced with Web 2.0 digital tools for gifted and talented students. The research showed that writing instruction focused on the creation of self-regulation strategies reinforced with Web 2.0 resources had a beneficial impact on self-regulation writing skills, perceptions of self-efficacy, and the creative thinking skills of gifted and talented students.

Improving EFL students’ text revision with the Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) model

Improving EFL students’ text revision with the Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) model

The Effect of The POW + C-SPACE Strategy on Writing Skills of Students with Specific Learning Difficulties Attending Classes in the Resource Room

In this study, the POW + C-SPACE (Pick my idea - Organise my notes - Write and say more + Characters – Setting – Purpose – Action – Conclusion - Emotions) strategy shaped on the basis of the Self-Regulated Strategy Development Model (SRSDM) was presented through teachers working in the resource room, to evaluate the effects on story-writing skills of the students with Specific Learning Difficulties (SLD). The study was designed with the multiple probe model with probe phase between subjects. The independent variable of the research is the POW + C-SPACE strategy presented through the teachers working in the resource room. The dependent variable is the story writing levels of the children with SLD who are educated in the resource room. The study group consists of three teachers and their students with SLD in the resource room. The POW + C-SPACE strategy was presented to the students with SLD through the teachers working in the resource room. As a result of the study, it was concluded that when the teachers in the resource room presented the POW + C-SPACE strategy, it effectively developed the students' story writing skills.

Impacts of Self-Regulated Strategy Development-Based Revision Instruction on English-as-a-Foreign-Language Students' Self-Efficacy for Text Revision: A Mixed-Methods Study.

This mixed-methods study investigated the impacts of the self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) model on the self-efficacy of students for text revision in English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) writing at the tertiary level. An SRSD treatment group and a comparison group were involved in this quasi-experimental design research. Both groups completed a self-efficacy scale before and after the instruction, and six SRSD-trained students participated in pre- and post-test interviews. The quantitative analyses did not detect any significant differences between groups, suggesting that the SRSD instruction did not influence the self-efficacy of participants for text revision. The qualitative findings provided insights into the quantitative results. The interview data indicated that the interviewees might have overestimated their revision abilities before instruction and, with the relatively more accurate estimation of their abilities resulting from receiving the SRSD instruction, the over-time comparison of their responses to the self-efficacy scale did not reveal any statistically significant changes. Our findings suggest that students might have recorded evidence of closer calibration between judgments of their revision abilities and their actual performance after SRSD instruction. The implications of the findings were discussed and directions for further studies were provided.

The effectiveness of POW + C-SPACE strategy provided by parents of children with writing difficulties on story-writing skills

In this study, the POW + C-SPACE (Pick my idea-Organize my notes-Write and say more + Characters-Setting-Purpose-Action-Conclusion-Emotions) strategy developed on the basis of the self-regulated strategy development model (SRSDM) was presented through families to improve the story-writing skills of children with writing difficulties (WD) and its effects were evaluated. The study employed a multiple probe design with probe conditions across subjects, one of the single-subject research models. The study group consisted of three mothers and their children with WD. Mothers were taught the POW + C-SPACE strategy and were asked to present what they learned to their children at home. As a result of the study, it was concluded that when the POW + C-SPACE strategy was presented through parents, it was effective in developing the story-writing skills of children with WD.

The Effect of Self-Regulated Strategy Development on Persuasive Writing: A Quasi-Experimental Study Among Grade 6 Students in Lebanese Private Schools

Writing plays a critical role in academic, social, and professional domains. Despite this importance students across the globe are facing writing challenges. This outcome required advancing evidence-based instruction, such as the self-regulated strategy development model (SRSD), to enhance students’ writing performance. Accordingly, this quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design examined the effect of the SRSD strategies (POW & TREE) on elements of persuasive essay, linking words, length of essay, and writing quality of Grade 6 students ( n = 161) in three Lebanese private schools where English is taught as a second language. Results showed that the experimental group significantly outperformed the control group on elements of persuasive essay, linking words, length of essay, and writing quality. Results demonstrated that the SRSD writing model was effective in promoting second language persuasive writing of Grade 6 students in three Lebanese private schools. Teachers applied the intervention with fidelity and participants rated the intervention favorably. Limitations and future research directions were also discussed. Keywords: Self-regulated strategy development (SRSD), second language writing, persuasive writing DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-32-03 Publication date: November 30 th 2020

A College Entrance Essay Exam Intervention for Students With High-Incidence Disabilities and Struggling Writers

High school students with high-incidence disabilities and struggling writers face considerable challenges when taking writing assessments designed for college entrance. This study examined the effectiveness of a writing intervention for improving students’ performance on a college entrance exam, the writing assessment for the ACT. Students were taught a planning and composing strategy for successfully taking this test using the self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) model. A true-experiment was conducted where 20 high school students were randomly assigned to a treatment ( n = 10) or control ( n = 10) condition. Control students received ACT math preparation. SRSD instruction statistically enhanced students’ planning, the quality of their written text (including ideas and analysis, development and support, organization, and language use), the inclusion of argumentative elements in their compositions, and the use of transition words in written text. Limitations of the study, future research, and implications for practice are discussed.

Effectiveness of volunteer-led strategy instruction on the story writing of third grade students experiencing difficulties learning to write

Teaching students strategies for carrying out writing processes has been an effective method for improving children’s writing, especially when the Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) model is used to teach writing strategies. While this is an effective approach, particularly with students who experience difficulty learning to write, it is a complex and time consuming process. This study examined if supplemental SRSD instruction in writing can be delivered effectively by adult volunteers. Adult volunteers can potentially provide teachers with assistance in making sure struggling writers receive the supplementary instruction needed to be successful. Three adult volunteers delivered SRSD instruction for story writing to six third-grade students’ experiencing difficulty learning to write. A multiple-probe design was used to assess the effectiveness of SRSD instruction. Volunteers were able to deliver instruction with high levels of treatment fidelity. Even more importantly, students’ writing improved. All students demonstrated increases in the number of essential elements included in stories and the quality of their stories improved as well.

A comparison of text structure and self-regulated strategy instruction for elementary school students’ writing

PurposeThis study aims to examine the writing outcomes of 6th-grade students learning English as a second language.Design/methodology/approachIn all 45 students in a text structure instruction (TSI) group were compared with 45 students in a self-regulated strategy instruction (SRSI) group and 43 students receiving traditional writing instruction. SRSI was adapted from the self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) model (MacArthur et al., 2015). The SRSD model includes self-regulation writing strategies, text and genre knowledge and think-aloud modeling. Findings allowed for a comparison of TSI and SRSI, in which organization knowledge does not need to be taught using SRSD methods. Measures of writing outcomes, including writing quality and summarization of main ideas, were administered after a one-month intervention.FindingsResults revealed that, compared with traditional instruction, the TSI and SRSI groups each exhibited better writing outcomes. Compared with the traditional instruction group, each technique had a unique impact: SRSI on writing quality, and TSI on main ideas included in written summaries. Linguistic and textual analyses of students’ writing revealed that the TSI and SRSI group learners both demonstrated high syntactic complexity, content organization and lexical variation in their compositions.Research limitations/implicationsThe present study provides empirical evidence that explicit teaching of SRSI writing strategies or TSI can be implemented effectively and elicit gains in elementary school L2 learners’ written output. A clear division does not exist between self-regulated writing strategies and text structure knowledge; the two techniques should be complementary, as suggested in the earlier SRSD model.Originality/valueClassroom-based research has addressed the need to enhance self-regulated capacity in writing. However, writing has become more challenging for primary school learners. In addition, writing is a cognitively demanding process. The plethora of processes involved in writing may be one of the factors that caused difficulties in writing. Thus, writing proficiency relies on the development of text structure knowledge and the fostering of self-regulation capabilities.

Understanding Teachers' Knowledge and Perceptions on Writing Through a Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) Professional Development Opportunity

Teachers must be equipped with the skills necessary to effectively deliver quality instruction, especially when implementing an evidence-based practice. Delivering these practices with high levels of fidelity requires knowledge that goes beyond what is learned in initial teacher preparation programs, often requiring ongoing and targeted professional development. In the current study, 19 teachers and instructional personnel attended and completed a professional development opportunity to learn how to use the Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) model, an evidence-based practice, when teaching writing. Pre- and post-professional development surveys were completed and analyzed to evaluate whether meaningful outcomes occurred. Results indicated that the professional development caused participants to re-conceptualize their knowledge and perceptions of quality writing and quality writing instruction and to explicitly share intentions to implement SRSD writing instruction in their classrooms. Results will be shared and implications for future research discussed.

POWER UP: A Persuasive Writing Strategy for Secondary Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

In the area of written expression, students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) typically perform one to two grades below their same age, non-disabled peers. Unfortunately, there is a lack of research on writing interventions to improve these outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a persuasive writing strategy called POWER UP to improve the quality of persuasive essays for secondary students with EBD. The results suggest that a mnemonic strategy based on the Self-Regulated Strategy Development Model (SRSD) can improve the quality of persuasive writing essays for secondary students with EBD.

Empowering students’ personal recount writing and motivation to write through self-regulated strategy development model

This article reports a study of results of Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) model on the teaching of English writing, particularly on students’ personal recount writing and their motivation to write. The study was aimed at investigating whether: 1) SRSD was effective toward students’ personal recount writing and 2) SRSD was effective toward students’ writing motivation. A quasi-experimental research in the form of pre-test posttest control group design was applied in the study. To date, second year students in a junior high school in Kebumen, Central Java, Indonesia were used as the participants of the study. There were 60 students participated in the study whereby 30 of them were assigned into the experimental group received the SRSD model; and another 30 students were administered into the control group with the conventional teaching model. Results on MANCOVA show that students’ writing performance in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group with p=0.017 while students’ writing motivation in the experimental group was insignificantly higher compared with the control group with p=0.104. This indicates that although SRSD was effective toward students’ personal recount writing, its effectiveness couldn’t be followed by students’ writing motivation.

A metacognitive intervention for teaching fractions to students with or at-risk for learning disabilities in mathematics

Assessment data from the United States and international reports of student achievement indicate that upper elementary students are failing to meet basic levels of proficiency in fractions and writing, and that this is particularly prevalent with students with or at-risk for learning disabilities in mathematics. Proficiency with fractions has been identified as foundational for learning higher-level mathematics but remains one of the most difficult skills for students to learn. In addition, students’ difficulty with fractions is exacerbated because of increased chances of comorbidity with language learning problems, particularly difficulties constructing arguments and communicating using writing. We describe FACT + R2C2, a language-based, metacognitive instructional intervention that was designed using the Self-Regulated Strategy Development model (SRSD) for teaching foundational concepts of fractions. The results from two studies in which the intervention was administered to upper elementary students who exhibit mathematics difficulties indicated selected increases in students’ computational accuracy, quality of mathematical reasoning, number of rhetorical elements, and total words. With evidence of improved performance in these areas, FACT + R2C2 holds promise for helping these students become proficient self-regulated learners.

‘Does It Work?’ Adapting Evidence-Based Practices to Teach Argumentative Writing

The current study examined the impact of adapting an evidence-based instructional approach to develop ninth-grade students’ argumentative writing and self-regulated strategy use. Following the Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) model, strategies to plan and write argumentative texts were implemented in two Portuguese classrooms. The model relies heavily on the use of mnemonic strategies to support instruction. Thus, incremental effects of using dual-coding mnemonics (i.e., visual and verbal mnemonics) were explored when implementing SRSD instruction. For the first group (n = 23), SRSD instruction included verbal and visual mnemonics; for the second group (n = 25), SRSD instruction included verbal mnemonics alone. Groups were compared with a control group (n= 25) receiving standard writing instruction.The following findings were significant: a) SRSD instruction increased writing quality, organising, and spontaneous planning; b) dual-coding mnemonics enhanced writing quality, development of ideas, organising, language clarity, and spontaneous planning; c) national exams completed 15 weeks after instruction reinforced the effectiveness of the adapted SRSD strategies. The process of culturally adapting and implementing SRSD instruction to teach argumentative writing will be discussed, including the potential incremental effects of adding visual mnemonics to the SRSD instructional routine.