Model Of Self-regulated Learning Research Articles

Biographical aspects of self-regulated learning during repeatedly failing in upper-secondary exit examination

The exit examination from upper-secondary school represents an essential part of the educational trajectory. However, the transition to the labour market or higher education can be complicated by failure. The qualitative study deals with repeatedly unsuccessful students who have struggled to pass the Czech exit exam called the Matura examination. The research focused on how students approach exam attempts in terms of preparation and their reflection on the impact of failing. The study uses the self-regulated learning model to understand these aspects. The data used in this study consisted of 44 biographical narrative interviews with 27 informants aged 18 to 21 years, followed two years after their first attempt at the exit examination. Results show that students adopt ineffective learning and motivational strategies during the preparation phase before the exam. However, after the second attempt failure, which is associated with social pressure and negative emotions such as shame, they tend to change the way of preparation.

Self-Regulated Multimedia Cognitive Learning Model: Enhancing Vocabulary Acquisition in Adult English Learners

Self-Regulated Multimedia Cognitive Learning Model: Enhancing Vocabulary Acquisition in Adult English Learners

Enhancing learners’ self-regulated learning in physical sciences classrooms through formative assessment intervention strategies

Fostering self-regulated learning (SRL) in the context of physical sciences is crucial for promoting twenty-first-century learning skills and establishing a solid foundation for academic achievement among science students. In South African schools, the physical sciences curriculum holds significant importance, serving as a cornerstone for students’ educational development. This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of formative assessment interventions in cultivating SRL among grade 10 physical sciences students. Utilizing survey methodology, quantitative data were gathered through questionnaires administered to 175 grade 10 physical sciences students selected purposively. The study utilized the self-regulatory skills scale, appropriately adapted to the specific context, with a model of self-regulated learning serving as the conceptual framework. Data analysis involved both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study revealed that implementing formative assessment practices in physical sciences classrooms effectively promotes students’ SRL behaviors. The findings underscored the positive impact of formative assessment practices as interventions in enhancing students’ SRL and improving academic performance. It is recommended that formative assessment strategies be integrated into teaching methodologies at the secondary level, offering valuable benefits to learners.

A study of project-based learning to intermediate EFL learners in reading class: enhancing self-regulated learning of post-secondary students in Macao

AbstractThis study explored two new pedagogical conceptions—project-based learning (PBL) and self-regulated learning (SRL), to enhance effective English teaching and learning in Macao, and to prepare EFL learners for life-long learning. PBL makes English instruction engaging and SRL empowers learners to take ownership of their learning process. The combination of these two methodologies can facilitate students to develop into independent and efficient English learners. The study, guided by Zimmerman’s cyclical phase model of SRL and English and Kitsantas’ PBL/SRL model, was action research which aimed to investigate whether PBL could positively influence the development of intermediate EFL learners’ SRL ability at the post-secondary level in Macao. Research instruments included questionnaires, interviews, students’ reflective notes and teacher’s field notes. Both qualitative and quantitative findings indicated improvement in the students’ SRL ability, reflected in three aspects—motivation, metacognition, and behaviors. The students’ motivational beliefs were significantly strengthened, and more self-regulated behaviors were generated. Though the use of metacognitive strategies did not showcase as significant enhancement as the former elements through the study, the experimental group made progress in using some specific strategies, such as evaluating learning outcomes and making study plans. The summary of the study is that PBL was beneficial to the development of SRL. This research endeavor not only contributes to the existing body of knowledge but also serves as a catalyst for educators to advocate policy reforms, fostering the design of learner-centered, flexible, and coherent post-secondary EFL curricula.

Influence of Learning Commitment and Parental Involvement on Self-regulated Learning of Senior High School Students

This study investigated the influence of learning commitment and parental involvement on the self-regulated learning of senior high school students of Biñan Integrated National High School, SY 2021-2022. A descriptive correlational research design sought to establish findings to be used as a foundation for a self-regulated learning model that can be adopted in the advent of face-to-face learning in the new normal. The findings indicated that the students indicated a strong learning commitment, a high level of parental involvement, and a high level of self-regulated learning. As significant relationships between variables were regressed, the resulting model revealed that learning commitment, as an individual predictor, has the most substantial positive influence on all dimensions of self-regulated learning. The combined effect of parental involvement negated the influence of learning commitment on dimensions of self-regulated learning in terms of environment structuring, task strategies and help-seeking strategies. Coordinating time and vitality through self-regulated learning will result in a more compelling and fulfilling encounter, which may boost self-efficacy and inspiration. The study provides an adoptable model to optimize self-regulated learning, which is a skill set that may be taught and may be able to assist students in setting specific goals for themselves and evaluating their progress. Students who can self-regulate are more proactive and less reactive in their learning.

Self-regulated learning processes of advanced musicians: A PRISMA review

This systematic review aimed to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of the current state of empirical research in self-regulated learning (SRL) and music, investigating learning strategies planned and employed by advanced musicians and evidence to support the benefits of SRL training for this population. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, we initially identified 3323 records related to our search, spanning the period from 2001 to 2023. Inclusion criteria consisted of peer-reviewed empirical articles reporting studies involving the participation of advanced (i.e., undergraduate and postgraduate student and professional) musicians using Zimmerman’s cyclical model of SRL and published in English, Spanish, Portuguese, or French. Forty-eight articles met all the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. We divided them into three types: reports of observational studies, descriptive-correlational, and intervention studies. We discuss the findings according to the three phases of Zimmerman’s cyclical model: forethought, performance/volitional control, and self-reflection, including the processes of goal setting, selection and adaptation of learning strategies, help seeking, time management, and self-evaluation and adaptation. Our analysis identified trends in the behavior of advanced musicians, particularly regarding practice quantity and musical achievement. Suggestions for future research indicate the need to invest in the training of instrumental and vocal teachers, so that they become familiar with SRL learning strategies that they can pass on to their students.

Evaluating AI's impact on self-regulated language learning: A systematic review

AI technology is reshaping language classrooms, prompting students to adopt flexible roles exhibiting linguistic competence and self-regulated learning (SRL) skills. Considerable studies explore the necessary integrated learning perspectives, emphasizing AI's adaptive role as a mind tool. In AI-mediated language learning, the technology's metacognitive importance enables students to learn with AI as a partner, encouraging independent critical thinking. Within Zimmerman's SRL model, AI as a mind tool is integrated for improving language students' strategic employment in a cyclical process. A systematic review, following PRISMA protocols, examines the intersection of AI and self-regulated language learning (SRLL) over 2000–2022. Findings highlight AI's evolving role, predominantly through algorithms and systems, aiming for micro and macro integration. Interactive AI has not fully engaged in two-way directions, despite a familiar process approach in reviewed studies. In the favored ESL/EFL research context, task-specific AI is utilized to encourage cyclical improvement with learner autonomy enhancement mainly among higher education students at intermediate level or above. Pedagogical values are possible when major SRL phases are fully practiced, even without highly autonomous AI. Future research is directed toward adaptive personalized technology by exploring the dynamic interplay between AI technologies and SRLL as educational practices under Education 4.0 principles.

Students’ self-regulatory processes in content and language integrated learning: a vignette-based microanalytic study

ABSTRACT Despite the global adoption of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) and extensive research on the effectiveness (product-oriented) and classroom interactions (process-oriented) of CLIL, existing studies have overlooked the motivational beliefs and metacognitive strategies of CLIL students. Hence, there is a need for a participant-oriented approach to better understand students’ perspectives and enhance CLIL’s success. Drawing on the social cognitive model of self-regulated learning (SRL), this study aimed to explore how students plan, monitor, and evaluate their learning in CLIL contexts by employing a novel vignette-based microanalytic assessment approach to empirically capture students’ SRL processes. Participants were 108 junior secondary school students from three schools in Hong Kong. Data were analysed using structuring qualitative content analysis. Findings revealed that students employed diverse strategies to manage the demands of language and content learning, with variations in self-efficacy beliefs influencing their approaches. Furthermore, some learners faced challenges in maintaining effective self-regulation. This study argues that improving self-regulatory processes and enhancing CLIL’s success requires prioritising assessment, considering the state of ‘others’, and fostering deeper learning beyond CLIL. This study contributes to the empirical, methodological, and pedagogical understanding of students’ SRL in CLIL settings and informs future research on student-focused aspects in CLIL.

Formative assessment for self-regulated learning: Evidence from a teacher continuing professional development programme

It has been argued that formative assessment (FA) improves student learning. Recent research has focused on helping teachers enhance their assessment literacy in FA in order to see the impact on learning results. Researchers are also beginning to contend that FA not only leads to improved content learning, but also helps improve students’ ability in self- and co-regulated learning. In this study, a 12-week teacher continuing professional development (CPD) programme was designed and implemented for a group of five secondary school EFL teachers in China aiming at developing their formative assessment literacy. This paper zooms in on students’ perceptions of and reactions to the CPD programme, offering insights into the impact of FA on the development of students’ self-regulated learning (SRL). Pre- and post-CPD interviews with ten students of the five teachers were coded and analysed using Zimmerman’s three-phase model of SRL. Higher frequency of mentions after the CPD and more students mentioning a code were taken as indicators of improvement over the 12-week intervention. The results show that all three phases of SRL were fostered by the CPD programme aimed at the implementation of FA. The study has implications for both formative assessment and self-regulated learning.

The evaluation of an educational game to promote pre-service teachers’ self-regulated learning

The present study describes the evaluation of Regulatia, an immersive web-based educational game for pre-service teachers to promote self-regulated learning (SRL). Based on Zimmerman’s model of SRL, learners immerse themselves in the underwater kingdom Regulatia and must find a way back home. Regulatia fosters the use of SRL-specific strategies and combines game elements with learning content. In this paper, the goal is to evaluate the first functional prototype of the game, examining its usability as well as users’ game experience to create a basis for an effective game in the future. The findings based on a sample of N = 31 pre-service teachers from a Southwestern German university indicate great usability and a good feedback system, high perceived knowledge improvement, and pleasant visual aesthetics. Potential for optimization was revealed for the scope and the level progression of the game.

Effectiveness of Self-Regulated Learning-Based Instruction: Enhancing Student Learning Autonomy (Study on LMS Syam-Ok UNM)

Learning autonomy is becoming essential in the 21st century, demanding individuals to master various fundamental skills. This article explores the self-regulated learning model as a solution to enhance student learning autonomy. A case study conducted in the music arts course at Universitas Negeri Makassar found that students' learning autonomy levels were still low, even among those considered active. Related research also confirms the low learning autonomy of students across various settings. The research methodology employed an experimental approach with a one-group pretest-posttest design. Data collection was carried out by observing student activities through a Learning Management System (LMS) before and after modifying instructional methods. Data analysis results showed a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores, with a notable increase in posttest scores. The findings indicate an improvement in student learning autonomy. Learning autonomy fosters the desire to learn and acquire new knowledge, facilitates individual ownership of learning, and enhances learning independence. The study concludes that modifying instructional methods based on the self-regulated learning model effectively improves student learning autonomy.Keywords: Learning Autonomy, Learning Models, Self-Regulation, Students, Education.

Adapting Self-Regulated Learning in an Age of Generative Artificial Intelligence Chatbots

The increasing use of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has led to a rise in conversations about how teachers and students should adopt these tools to enhance the learning process. Self-regulated learning (SRL) research is important for addressing this question. A popular form of GenAI is the large language model chatbot, which allows users to seek answers to their queries. This article seeks to adapt current SRL models to understand student learning with these chatbots. This is achieved by classifying the prompts supplied by a learner to an educational chatbot into learning actions and processes using the process–action library. Subsequently, through process mining, we can analyze these data to provide valuable insights for learners, educators, instructional designers, and researchers into the possible applications of chatbots for SRL.

How undergraduate students learn: uncovering interrelationships between factors that support self-regulated learning and strategy use

Being an effective learner is an important pillar supporting success in higher education and beyond. This research aimed to uncover the extent to which undergraduate students use a set of commonly researched learning strategies, as well as to understand how learning strategy usage relates to key self-regulation factors proposed in influential models of self-regulated learning. Undergraduate students from New Zealand (N = 140) were recruited through course management systems, social media, and campus posters. Data were analysed using correlation and multiple regression. Results show that students reported using more learning strategies that are relatively effective than learning strategies that are somewhat less effective. In addition, effort regulation and student engagement were the most consistent predictors of both learning strategy use and self-reported academic achievement. Building on these findings, this research provides important new insights into the associations between learning strategy usage and pivotal factors that support effective self-regulated learning and academic achievement. As we highlight in the article, these insights have key implications for advancing theory and research on self-regulated learning.

Revisiting the Metacognitive and Affective Model of Self-Regulated Learning: Origins, Development, and Future Directions

Revisiting the Metacognitive and Affective Model of Self-Regulated Learning: Origins, Development, and Future Directions

Students’ self-regulated learning of university mathematics in different learning environments

Self-regulated learning is important, due to the large share of self-study time for learning mathematics at university, but it is still underresearched.Theoretically and practically, it is of particular interest to understand patterns that lead to different self-regulated learning processes, in order to identify approaches to support students learning. In this study, we analyse students’ appraisals of different elements of three different learning environments in Germany (on-campus, online) and Finland (on-campus) for their congruence with students’ goals. According to Boekaerts’ dual processing model of self-regulated learning, such appraisals define students’ purposes of self-regulation. We analyse interview data of two students per learning environment, in each environment one with a focus on learning goals and one on just ‘surviving the course’. Our results provide a detailed description of the variety of the six students’ self-regulated learning processes as well as a synthesis of students’ appraisals of different elements of the learning environments, indicating the importance of students’ appraisals of the relevance of mathematical contents, implications of exercise assessments, and coping potential, especially in terms of peer learning. These results have practical implications for ‘supporting students’ self-regulated learning processes which are discussed.

Examining Chinese EFL learners’ online self-regulated learning: A mixed-methods approach

This mixed-methods study examined Chinese English-as-foreign-language (EFL) learners' online self-regulated learning (SRL) within Zimmerman and Moylan's (2009) SRL Model. It first investigated the learners' online SRL through validating the Chinese version of the Online Self-regulated Learning Questionnaire (COSLQ) via confirmatory factor analysis and descriptive analysis with a sample of 422 participants. Then with the assistance of ChatGPT in coding the learners' responses to semi-structured interviews with a deductive thematic analysis approach, it explored factors impacting the learners' online SRL. Results show that the Chinese EFL learners did not actively engage in online SRL. Their lack of competence in using the SRL strategies under investigation and the negative influence of the online learning setting were the two main factors affecting their online SRL. The study adds empirical evidence in support of Zimmerman and Moylan's (2009) SRL Model and enhances our understanding of SRL in the context of foreign language education. Pedagogical and methodological implications of the study for improving EFL teaching, learning and researching are also discussed.

Development of a causal model of self-regulated learning by students at Loei Rajabhat University

IntroductionSelf-regulated learning is an active process in which learners employ self-directed behaviors, thoughts, and actions to attain learning objectives. It is essential for students as it can result in improved academic achievement, task completion, and the acquisition of life skills. The objectives of this research were to examine the congruence between a causal model of self-regulated learning and empirical data and to investigate the direct and indirect effects of the model on a sample of 660 students from Loei Rajabhat University.MethodsThe data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that the causal model of self-regulated learning aligns with the empirical data.ResultsThe study showed that self-efficacy, achievement motive, and learning by imitation variables had a favorable impact on self-regulated learning. The achievement motive and learning by imitation have indirect impacts on self-regulated learning through the self-efficacy variable. The findings suggest an increase in self-efficacy, achievement motive, and learning by imitation. Increasing self-efficacy, achievement motive, and learning by imitation among students may be an effective strategy for enhancing the efficiency of self-regulated learning.DiscussionThis research suggests that teachers should organize teaching and learning activities that promote achievement motivation and develop self-efficacy, and they should be good role models for students. All parties, including administrators, should implement policies that promote and develop activities to create incentives for achievement. Self-efficacy and learning by imitation are necessary for students to practice self-regulated learning in the future.

Classic and modern models of self-regulated learning: integrative and componential analysis.

Self-regulated learning (SRL) is considered a construct of great heuristic value and has attracted the attention of numerous researchers and inspired influential theoretical models. The objective of the present study was to provide an up-to-date, comparative and integrated description of the theoretical models of SRL used in current empirical research. For this purpose, we conducted a critical review of the scientific literature referring explicitly to any SRL model and we described, compared and integrated the processes and personal and situational dimensions considered in each model. The models have clearly evolved from focusing on cold self-regulation, conscious activity and individual functioning, to emphasising hot self-regulation and considering implicit activity and interindividual functioning. Among empirical research lines based on the most recent models, the following stand out: detailed analysis of SRL during its progress, the manifestation of SRL in diverse instructional formats and the role of affective/motivational self-regulation.

Self-blended learning and self-regulated learning models in developing the quantitative skills in statistics

Self-blended learning and self-regulated learning models in developing the quantitative skills in statistics

An integrated model of socially shared regulation of learning: The role of metacognition, affect, and motivation

The purpose of this paper is to present an integrated theoretical model of socially shared regulation of learning (SSRL), which is an elaboration of Efklides’ Motivation and Affect in Self-Regulated Learning model that situates metacognition, affect, and motivation at the socially shared level. Building from existing theoretical and empirical work, the role of metacognition, affect and motivation in socially shared regulation of learning is described along with how these facets may facilitate or constrain regulatory phases and processes in relation to the individual and the group, and in consideration of the learning task. Educational implications are discussed including increasing focus on the social and cognitive processes involved in SSRL in pre-service teaching programs and advocating for the development of learning situations where students practice SSRL strategies.