Self-recorded Video Research Articles

Good news urban tourism researchers! 19 ways to enhance the usefulness of your observational video analysis research

PurposeThe present article encourages urban tourism researchers use pre-recorded (like YouTube, TikTok and security camera footage) and self-recorded video data in research. The author highlighted the benefits of doing so for urban tourism scholars, as well as ways in which these investigators can use the observational video analysis technique to produce convincing findings and advance their field.Design/methodology/approachTo accomplish the purpose, the author reviewed 25 scholarly articles on the topic from several fields.FindingsOne benefit of observational video analysis research (OVAR), the author highlighted, was the ability of scholars in different locations to simultaneously observe interactions, the focus of the study, in their natural setting and discuss them. This practice is not possible with traditional ethnographic research. Also, one way the author mentioned researchers can accomplish rigor in their OVAR project is through multimodal transcription. With multimodal transcription, verbal and non-verbal happenings in videos are transliterated and later analyzed.Research limitations/implicationsIt is hoped because of the present article, increased use of the technique in urban tourism research will be seen.Originality/valueThe present article is the first, to the best of the author’s knowledge, to detail how rigor can be accomplished in OVAR in urban tourism.

Assessing and improving supervisory behaviours at standardised meetings using self-recorded video and the operant supervisory taxonomy index

Assessing and improving supervisory behaviours at standardised meetings using self-recorded video and the operant supervisory taxonomy index

The Impact of English Extracurricular Activities on Pre-Service Teachers at the Higher Institute of Social Sciences and Education of Gafsa

This exploratory practice study examined the impact of English extracurricular activities on pre-service teachers at the Higher Institute of Social Sciences and Education of Gafsa (HISSEG). In particular, it explored pre-service teachers’ experiences in extracurricular activities that involve the use of English and how these extracurriculars impacted pre-service teachers vis-à-vis their English language. Qualitative and quantitative data from 19 pre-service teachers at the HISSEG were collected via an online questionnaire and self-recorded videos. Results showed that participants’ experiences in extracurriculars were positive and beneficial for their motivation towards using the language, as well as for their English language development. Not only did extracurricular activities seem to enhance participants’ overall English language proficiency, but they also helped foster specific skills such as pronunciation and vocabulary building.

English Students Belief on Learning English Through Self-Recording Video

Technological developments in the world of education provide enormous opportunities to improve students' abilities independently. The use of technology also provides an opportunity for students to be able to search for and learn from various sources without having to deal with the teacher directly. Therefore, this study examined students' perspectives on their English speaking ability through self-recorded videos they made. This opinion can be divided into two parts, namely, the advantages and disadvantages of implementing English learning using self-recorded videos. The method used in this research is qualitative through a descriptive approach. Furthermore, data was obtained through observation of learning activities and interviews regarding deeper perceptions of self-recorded videos. The results of the study show that students have positive views and changes towards increasing their self-confidence in communicating in English; they are also more courageous in providing ideas, creativity, and better speech. However, there are also drawbacks faced by students related to self-project videos, including inadequate technological devices, lack of ideas and reference sources for making videos, internet quota, and amount of time to complete the project. However, even though they experienced challenges in processing their English, their communication skills had improved quite well.

Preservice teachers’ experiences of observing their teaching competencies via self-recorded videos in a personalized learning environment

We investigated how preservice teachers observe and analyze their competencies through self-reflection and video-learning community strategies and how self-recorded videos influence their microteaching experience. We aimed to improve preservice teachers’ competencies in light of the Saudi National Professional Teaching Standards. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and a thematic analysis was performed to extract themes identifying preservice teachers’ experiences and perceptions. The results indicated that the use of self-recorded videos can influence the microteaching experience and help identify development gaps, analyze weaknesses and strengths, and reflect upon them. The results showed that preservice teachers hold positive perceptions and experiences of self-recorded videos to improve their Saudi National Professional Teaching Standards competencies via self-reflection and video learning community. Furthermore, personalized learning principles benefit preservice teacher training programs through self-reflection and self-analysis without coach intervention. This study presents discussions, implications, and recommendations that are relevant to both researchers and practitioners.

Investigating respondents’ willingness to participate in video-based web surveys

Recent developments in communication technology and changes in people’s communication habits facilitate new data collection forms in web surveys. Technical devices, such as computers, tablets, and smartphones, enable researchers to rethink established communication forms and add a human touch to web surveys. Designing web surveys more human-like has the great potential to make communication between researchers and respondents more natural, which may result in higher survey satisfaction and data quality. Considering the existing survey literature, there are only a few studies investigating respondents’ willingness for new communication forms in web surveys. Hence, in the present study, we explore respondents’ willingness to take part in web surveys to have interviewers read questions via pre-recorded videos (question delivery) and in which respondents provide their answers orally via self-recorded videos (question answering). We included two willingness questions – one on question delivery via pre-recorded videos and one on question answering via self-recorded videos – in the non-probability SoSci panel in Germany. The results reveal that respondents’ willingness to have questions read by interviewers is higher than their willingness to self-record video answers. Believing that technology facilitates communication and perceiving the survey as being interesting increases willingness, whereas evaluating the survey topic as sensitive decreases willingness. Personality traits do not play a role when it comes to respondents’ willingness, except for extraversion.

Development and Assessment of an Artificial Intelligence-Based Tool for Ptosis Measurement in Adult Myasthenia Gravis Patients Using Selfie Video Clips Recorded on Smartphones

Introduction: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue. Ptosis (eyelid drooping) occurs due to fatigue of the muscles for eyelid elevation and is one symptom widely used by patients and healthcare providers to track progression of the disease. Margin reflex distance 1 (MRD1) is an accepted clinical measure of ptosis and is typically assessed using a hand-held ruler. In this work, we develop an AI model that enables automated measurement of MRD1 in self-recorded video clips collected using patient smartphones. Methods: A 3-month prospective observational study collected a dataset of video clips from patients with MG. Study participants were asked to perform an eyelid fatigability exercise to elicit ptosis while filming “selfie” videos on their smartphones. These images were collected in nonclinical settings, with no in-person training. The dataset was annotated by non-clinicians for (1) eye landmarks to establish ground truth MRD1 and (2) the quality of the video frames. The ground truth MRD1 (in millimeters, mm) was calculated from eye landmark annotations in the video frames using a standard conversion factor, the horizontal visible iris diameter of the human eye. To develop the model, we trained a neural network for eye landmark detection consisting of a ResNet50 backbone plus two dense layers of 78 dimensions on publicly available datasets. Only the ResNet50 backbone was used, discarding the last two layers. The embeddings from the ResNet50 were used as features for a support vector regressor (SVR) using a linear kernel, for regression to MRD1, in mm. The SVR was trained on data collected remotely from MG patients in the prospective study, split into training and development folds. The model’s performance for MRD1 estimation was evaluated on a separate test fold from the study dataset. Results: On the full test fold (N = 664 images), the correlation between the ground truth and predicted MRD1 values was strong (r = 0.732). The mean absolute error was 0.822 mm; the mean of differences was −0.256 mm; and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) were −0.214–1.768 mm. Model performance showed no improvement when test data were gated to exclude “poor” quality images. Conclusions: On data generated under highly challenging real-world conditions from a variety of different smartphone devices, the model predicts MRD1 with a strong correlation (r = 0.732) between ground truth and predicted MRD1.

Can an intensive professional development on play change child care providers’ perspectives and practice on play?

ABSTRACT Early childhood teachers need knowledge and skills to support play and learning. However, the child care workforce often has limited or no preservice training on play, relying instead on in-service training. With policy shifts towards a standards-driven curriculum in the U.S., there is limited in-service play training available, creating a need for high quality in-service training on play. This study introduces a model of intensive professional development (PD) on play – a group workshop coupled with a group coaching model – implemented in the Mid-Atlantic area in the U.S. The play training focused on three areas: self-active play experience, the knowledge and skills needed to support children's learning through play. The group coaching component included feedback on self-recorded video practice and an opportunity for participants to share reflections on supporting play with each other and the coaches. We conducted an interview study with the participants about their perspectives on play and practice after the intensive PD. Qualitative data analysis revealed that: (1) all participants changed their perspectives on play after the play PD; (2) participants implemented strategies from the training and supported more play in practice; and (3) despite increased knowledge and skills, participants continued to experience challenges when implementing play strategies.

Capturing student teachers’ TPACK by using T-CoRe and video-annotation as self-reflective tools for flexible learning in teacher education

ABSTRACT The aim was to investigate how a reflective tool, the T-CoRe, in combination with annotated self-recorded videos and reflective writing, could be used to capture student teachers’ knowledge of digital technology use in their teaching. The authors used both a quantitative and a qualitative method to explore how 87 secondary science student teachers demonstrate their use of digital technologies in their teaching. The student teachers’ video annotations, alongside a written reflection of critical incidents in their teaching, constituted data for the analysis. The analysis identified technology knowledge-dependent components in relation to the TPACK framework. The outcomes suggest that providing student teachers with a reflective tool such as the T-CoRe in combination with annotated self-recorded videos has the potential to make visible aspects of their TPACK. This research proposes a method for teacher education that works to improve the way that student teachers are prepared for using digital technology.

Loving a “defiant” AI companion? The gender performance and ethics of social exchange robots in simulated intimate interactions

As gendered AI social robot companions are widely questioned as detrimental to gender ethics and relations, it remains controversial about how simulated gender relations should be constructed in human-robot interaction. Focusing on the Chinese AI companion “Hupo”, this study presents a different case of a “defiant AI companion”. Through the discourse analysis of 5 heavy users' 12-h self-recorded video diaries on their daily dialogue with Hupo, the study found an AI companion's gender performance could be constructed through both resonance and dissonance of simulated intimate interactions with heterosexual male users. These practices lend insight into what I call “social exchange robots”, which refer to machines that can exercise symbiotic agency through the performative restoration of interpersonal norms rooted in social exchange theories. It suggests the potential for constructing more egalitarian gender relations in simulated human-robot heterosexual relationships through more agency exhibitions from AI companions, while it also implies a risk of potential human agency reduction when users were tempted to “please” AI companions via virtual commodity consumptions. The practical and ethical implications were discussed. This study also points out a future direction toward emerging sociomorphic robot research.

Digital Spectacles of Violence: Film, TV and Social Media Entanglements in 2010’s Brazil

The study of cultural industries, in particular the complex manifestations of spectacle, has produced valuable contributions that articulate capitalism, globalization and culture. The revisitation of this legacy, especially in dealing with Latin American phenomena, is this paper’s effort. Two case studies that took place in the 2010’s, in Brazil, underpin a reflection on mediated crimes in a digitalized, but still inequal society. The first tells of a prisoner’s self-recorded video, made in response to TV Globo’s news piece about a 2017 massacre; the second examines a reenactment of a 2000 crime that happened on the bridge Rio-Niterói in 2019, and referenced not only a real hijacking, but its film representations (Bus 174 and Last Stop 174). Invoking examples of exceptionality, the article aims at delineating how certain digital spectacles of violence can be understood as direct responses to cultural texts: even though practices of socialization via the internet pose questions of accelerated efficiency (in reaching wider audiences, and updating the meaning of live events), the social and aesthetic performances involving violence retrieve long-standing traditions created by modern institutions.

Gravel road classification based on loose gravel using transfer learning

ABSTRACT Road maintenance agencies subjectively assess loose gravel as one of the parameters for determining gravel road conditions. This study aims to evaluate the performance of deep learning-based pre-trained networks in rating gravel road images according to classical methods as done by human experts. The dataset consists of images of gravel roads extracted from self-recorded videos and images extracted from Google Street View. The images were labelled manually, referring to the standard images as ground truth defined by the Road Maintenance Agency in Sweden (Trafikverket). The dataset was then partitioned in a ratio of 60:40 for training and testing. Various pre-trained models for computer vision tasks, namely Resnet18, Resnet50, Alexnet, DenseNet121, DenseNet201, and VGG-16, were used in the present study. The last few layers of these models were replaced to accommodate new image categories for our application. All the models performed well, with an accuracy of over 92%. The results reveal that the pre-trained VGG-16 with transfer learning exhibited the best performance in terms of accuracy and F1-score compared to other proposed models.

‘You can’t go home because you are at home’: critical reflections on capturing and reflecting the trauma of domestic violence work during COVID-19

Drawing on video data collected between June and September of 2020, this piece reveals the unique challenges presented by COVID-19 frontline domestic abuse workers in the UK and provides critical reflections from the authors in the form of a collective interview. This innovative study uses participant-led data collection (in the form of self-recorded video diaries) and filmed focus groups with CEOs of UK charities, parliamentarians, the police and NHS professionals. The authors produced a film, Lifeline, drawing on the knowledge produced from these focus groups and video-diaries, foregrounding the voices of the women who work in this sector. The conversation presented here unpacks the complexities of representing domestic violence provision both in creative and academic outputs. Furthermore, the conversation reveals the epistemological challenges that come with representing and understanding the impact of COVID-19 on the domestic violence sector.

Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Efficacy of a Smartphone-Based Contingency Management Intervention for Buprenorphine Adherence.

Buprenorphine is an important medication for treating opioid use disorder, but medication adherence and treatment retention are key issues that can limit its impact, especially when patients have concurrent stimulant use. Contingency management is efficacious in promoting medication adherence and drug abstinence. Delivering contingency management via smartphones addresses practical barriers to its adoption and improves patient access. A single-group (n = 20) nonexperimental study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of smartphone-based contingency management to promote adherence to buprenorphine treatment in people with opioid use disorder. Participants were recruited from outpatient treatment clinics. Over 12 weeks participants had access to a smartphone app that provided contingency management supported with peer recovery coaching. Adherence was confirmed daily either by GPS monitoring of clinic medication visits or self-recorded video, and salivary toxicology was conducted weekly. The overall rate of confirmed buprenorphine adherence was 76%, and visual inspection of individual participant outcomes shows consistent medication use for a large majority of participants. All participants were able to successfully use all app features and spend earnings. Participants rated the app and intervention highly on measures of likability, ease of use, and helpfulness. All participants (100%) were retained in buprenorphine treatment throughout the study period. Direct methods for confirming adherence appear superior to confirmation via salivary toxicology. This study shows that smartphone-based contingency management is a feasible means of promoting buprenorphine adherence. The potential efficacy of smartphone-based contingency management as a means of promoting buprenorphine adherence warrants evaluation in a randomized controlled trial.

Video-Based Reflection and Peer Coaching in Enhancing TEFL Student-Teachers' Teaching Practices of Receptive Skills

This study examines the effect of selfie video reflection, model lesson video reflection, and peer-coaching relating to model lesson videos and selfie videos on TEFL student-teachers' receptive skills teaching practices. An observation checklist of (11) teaching practices was used by the participants during reflection. Four groups of (6) participants carried out two practice teaching days each week for three months and met with the researcher monthly. The first group recorded their lessons and reflected on them. The second watched model lesson videos and reflected on the teacher's performance. The third watched videos of model lessons, reflecting on them with peers, as well as recording their practice teaching and reflecting on their performance with peers. The fourth received only educational supervisors' and mentor teachers' feedback. The results reveal that the use of peer coaching with the model lesson and self-recorded videos enhances teaching practices relating to receptive skills.

Journey to Unknown

Abdullah Karam, who escapes the Syrian Civil War in 2014, transforms the difficult migration and escape process he experienced into an autobiographical adventure game with Path Out (2017). The aim of the article is to examine the gamification of this escape process as a critical game design. Also, the article assesses Path Out (2017) as an interactive counter documentary as the inserted video clips by Karam foster a mode of listening to the experience from the first hand. The article analyzes the game with the close reading technique and the researcher uses her own observations and experiences as a player.
 With the concept of critical play, Mary Flanagan points out that a game can interact with important social issues, such as immigration and war. Accordingly, as a critical play, Path Out (2017) enables the players to have knowledge of socio-political realities and cultural dynamics and to become conscious by following the experiences of a civilian and young individual during the civil war. Thus, can games be an alternative method of documenting real-life events? Or can the plays reveal the subjective aspects of the documentary and criticize the genre?
 The article examines the short videos that Karam has embedded in the game, reminding of the live and interactive game commentary. Karam's in-game interventions allow the player to connect and criticize both reality and the virtual environment in the game. The video method used in the game documents Karam's memories and experiences as a counter mode of archiving. With these self-recorded video interventions, Karam comments on themes such as war, displacement, identity, death, family, and daily life, and gives information to the player. Karam wears the same sweatshirt as the character in the game world and calls out directly to the players, "You are playing me in this game". Thus, the physical separation between the players and the game character becomes evident with the appearance of Karam. The game Path Out (2017) becomes a useful tool for Karam to tell his story with his own voice. Making oneself visible and audible are key positions Karam takes regarding exposure to displacement. To put it in Flanagan's words, Path Out (2017) can also function as a tool to understand the players themselves.
 With the crossing of the border in the last part of the game, Karam tries not to get caught in the mines and not to be killed by the border troops. The game ends when Karam successfully crosses the border. However, each time the player dies, they get a new chance to cross the border because the real Karam is alive, and dead at the border of the game is experienced temporarily. For this reason, the player's desire to play again turns into an uneasy experiment. The dark atmosphere of the border evokes the unknown after crossing the border. Besides, with each experience of temporary death in the game, players are encouraged to rethink the issue of numerous and out-of-the-record migrant deaths passing the borders.

A Study on the Optimization Simulation of Big Data Video Image Keyframes in Motion Models

In this paper, the signal of athletic sports video image frames is processed and studied according to the technology of big data. The sports video image-multiprocessing technology achieves interference-free research and analysis of sports technology and can meet multiple visual needs of sports technology analysis and evaluation through key technologies such as split-screen synchronous comparison, superimposed synchronous comparison, and video trajectory tracking. The sports video image-processing technology realizes the rapid extraction of key technical parameters of the sports scene, the panoramic map technology of sports video images, the split-lane calibration technology, and the development of special video image analysis software that is innovative in the field of athletics research. An image-blending approach is proposed to alleviate the problem of simple and complex background data imbalance, while enhancing the generalization ability of the network trained using small-scale datasets. Local detail features of the target are introduced in the online-tracking process by an efficient block-filter network. Moreover, online hard-sample learning is utilized to avoid the interference of similar objects to the tracker, thus improving the overall tracking performance. For the feature extraction problem of fuzzy videos, this paper proposes a fuzzy kernel extraction scheme based on the low-rank theory. The scheme fuses multiple fuzzy kernels of keyframe images by low-rank decomposition and then deblurs the video. Next, a double-detection mechanism is used to detect tampering points on the blurred video frames. Finally, the video-tampering points are located, and the specific way of video tampering is determined. Experiments on two public video databases and self-recorded videos show that the method is robust in fuzzy video forgery detection, and the efficiency of fuzzy video detection is improved compared to traditional video forgery detection methods.

Development and user experience of an innovative multi-mode stroke rehabilitation system for the arm and hand for patients with stroke

Many individuals with stroke experience upper-limb motor deficits, and a recent trend is to develop novel devices for enhancing their motor function. This study aimed to develop a new upper-limb rehabilitation system with the integration of two rehabilitation therapies into one system, digital mirror therapy (MT) and action observation therapy (AOT), and to test the usability of this system. In the part I study, the new system was designed to operate in multiple training modes of digital MT (i.e., unilateral and bilateral modes) and AOT (i.e., pre-recorded and self-recorded videos) with self-developed software. In the part II study, 4 certified occupational therapists and 10 stroke patients were recruited for evaluating usability. The System Usability Scale (SUS) (maximum score = 100) and a self-designed questionnaire (maximum score = 50) were used. The mean scores of the SUS were 79.38 and 80.00, and those of the self-designed questionnaire were 41.00 and 42.80, respectively, for the therapists and patients after using this system, which indicated good usability and user experiences. This novel upper-limb rehabilitation system with good usability might be further used to increase the delivery of two emerging rehabilitation therapies, digital AOT and MT, to individuals with stroke.

Studi eksploratif manajemen pembelajaran Fiqih selama COVID-19 di MTS Negeri 1 Pasaman

Learning in the covid-19 period demands innovation from a teacher, this is due to the implementation of learning from home by utilizing various devices. This study aims to find out and analyze the learning management of fiqh subjects during the pandemic. From the results of this study can be presented as follows: first, Fiqh learning planning during the pandemic in MTs Negeri I Pasaman consists of formulating goals, setting teaching materials, determining the source of teaching materials, determining learning methods, and planning assessment of learning outcomes. Second, The implementation of fiqh learning during the pandemic in MTs Negeri I Pasaman by conducting online learning using whatapp group, teaching materials are sent through WA, while practical materials are taught directly by dividing students in accordance with the rules of health protokl. Third, Evaluation of fiqh learning during the pandemic in MTs Negeri I Pasaman also through online, teachers send questions and students send answers via WhatsApp, while practical exams students send self-recorded videos from home. Fourth, the obstacles faced in the implementation of fiqh learning during the pandemic in MTs Negeri I Pasaman not all students' residences have internet networks.

Music Student's Approach to the Forced Use of Remote Performance Assessments.

Music students at the University of Chichester Conservatoire completed questionnaires about their experience of the forced use of remote teaching and learning due to Lockdown, as imposed in the United Kingdom from March to June 2020, and how this impacted their self-beliefs, decision making processes, and methods of preparation for their performance assessments. Students had the choice to either have musical performance assessed in line with originally published deadlines (still in Lockdown) via self-recorded video or defer the assessment until the following academic year. Student’s choice to defer or submit the assessment during Lockdown was influenced by a range of forced factors, such as adaptions required by online teaching, limitations of rehearsal in their home environment, and the challenges in facilitating and recording their own assessments. Students completed online questionnaires about their self-efficacy, resilience, wellbeing, and provided free text responses explaining the reasoning for their decision to record their performance or to defer the assessment were coded to reveal patterns impacting their decision and preparation processes. Those choosing to submit their assessments demonstrated more strategies in their preparation and reported higher perceived self-efficacy scores. The specific conditions for this assessment, as a result of Lockdown, revealed correlations between resilience and both self-efficacy and wellbeing. The impact on teaching and the student experience is discussed and suggestions to support students in future settings of blended delivery are presented. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.