Self-rated Health In Older Adults Research Articles

The impact of epidemic infectious diseases on the relationship between subjective well-being and social class identity in older adults: The mediating role of Self-rated health.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between subjective well-being, social class identity, and Self-rated health among older persons,. Focusing on the mediating role of health and the impact of epidemic infectious diseases on these relationships. Based on the 2018 and 2021 China General Social Survey (CGSS) databases, the data were screened, and processed. Using Stata17, we employed ordered probit regression to examine the relationships among variables and Bootstrap methods to assess mediation effects, and the CGSS data for 2018 and 2021 were compared and analyzed. Our results revealed that factors such as social class identity, health status, and personal income significantly positively impact older persons' subjective well-being (P<0.01). Notably, there was a partial mediating effect of health status between the subjective well-being of the elderly and social class identity. And findings showed that when older adults were affected by epidemic diseases, their subjective well-being, social class identity, and Self-rated health remained significantly positively correlated. Subjective well-being, social class identity. What is more noteworthy is that when affected by epidemic infectious diseases, older adults' subjective well-being, social class identity, and Self-rated health remained significantly positively correlated. The mediating role of self-rated health in older adults' subjective well-being and social class identity increased from 9.6% to 12.4%. In the face of epidemic infectious diseases, we need to pay more attention to the Self-rated health of the elderly, and the Chinese government should take effective measures to improve their health level, which will in turn improve the subjective well-being of the elderly and realize the goal of healthy aging.

Analysis of health risk factors for older adults living alone in China and establishment and evaluation of a nomogram prediction model.

To understand the health status of older adults living alone in China and analyze the influencing factors, so as to provide reference for improving the health status of older adults living alone. Based on CGSS data from China General Social Survey (2017), the influencing factors of health status of older adults living alone were analyzed by unconditional Logistic regression, and the R software was used to develop a nomogram for predicting the risk of self-assessed unhealthy adverse outcomes. Gender, annual income, mandarin listening level and participation in medical insurance were the influencing factors of self-rated health of older adults living alone. Age and annual income are the influencing factors of physiological health. Annual income and Internet use were influential factors for mental health. C-Statistic of nomogram prediction model was 0.645. The calibration curve showed that goodness of fit test (χ2 = 58.09, p < 0.001), and the overall prediction ability of the model was good. The health status of older adults living alone in the home-based older adults care is worrying, and it is affected by various factors. We should pay more attention to older adults living alone, improve the ability of listening and distinguishing mandarin and the use of health information platforms for older adults living alone, and further implement medical insurance policies and health services. Announcing the solution to promote healthy home-based care for older adults living alone.

The role of family support in the self-rated health of older adults in eastern Nepal: findings from a cross-sectional study

BackgroundNepal’s low fertility rate and increasing life expectancy have resulted in a burgeoning older population. For millennia, filial piety shaped family cohesion and helped Nepali older adults achieve positive outcomes, but recently, it has been eroding. Furthermore, there are not enough institutional support options or alternatives to family-based care to deal with the biosocial needs of older adults. This study explored the association between family support and self-rated health among Nepali older adults.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional survey in eastern Nepal’s two districts, Sunsari and Morang, interviewed 847 older adults (≥ 60 years). The final analytical sample was 844. Participants were asked whether they received assistance with various aspects of daily life and activities of daily living from their families. Multivariable logistic regression examined the association between family support and self-rated health.ResultsParticipants who received support with various aspects of daily life had 43% higher odds of good health, but after adjusting for control variables, the result only approached statistical significance (p = 0.087). Those who received family assistance with activities of daily living had nearly four times higher odds (OR: 3.93; 95% CI: 2.58 – 5.98) of reporting good health than participants who lacked this support.ConclusionsGiven the important role of family support in Nepali older adults’ health, government programs and policies should create a conducive environment to foster family-based care until more comprehensive policies for older adults’ care can be put into effect. The results of this study can also help shape the global aging environment by highlighting the need for family support in older care, particularly in low-income nations with declining traditional care systems and weak social security policies.

Effect of Autonomy and Physical Activity on Self-Rated Health of Older Adults in India: Gendered Analysis Using Structural Equation Models

ABSTRACT The gendered expectations and responsibilities placed upon women can impede their ability to participate in social activities and engage in physical leisure pursuits, ultimately having a negative impact on their health. Our study investigates the mechanisms through which gender influences individuals’ engagement with physical activity during free time and how this relates to self-rated health outcomes among adults aged 45 years or older living in India. Using cross-sectional analysis and Structural Equation Modelling, we analyzed data stratified by gender and age from the Longitudinal Ageing Study of India to examine these conceptual pathways. We found that compared to men, women face greater limitations related to decision-making autonomy, experience more functional impairments, have weaker social networks that provide less support for engaging in leisure-time physical activity, leading them to report lower levels of overall wellbeing than men. Further analyses demonstrated distinct pathways through which each gender’s level of social network connectivity shapes behavior – strong connections increase opportunities for women specifically to engage positively with both peers and physically active pursuits supporting overall wellness goals.

Non-linear relationship between body mass index and self-rated health in older Korean adults: body image and sex considerations.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and self-rated health (SRH) in older adults aged over 65 years while examining the influence of self-perceived body image (SBI) and sex. Raw data were obtained from the Korea Community Health Survey, which included BMI measurements of Koreans aged over 65 years (n=59,628). Non-linear relationships between BMI and SRH were analyzed separately for each sex using restricted cubic splines while controlling for SBI and other confounding variables. Men showed a reverse J-shaped association, while women showed a J-shaped association between BMI and poor SRH. However, including SBI in the model changed this association for men to an inverted U-shape showing a negative direction, with the highest risk of poor SRH observed in the underweight to overweight range. For women, a nearly linear positive relationship was observed. Regardless of BMI, those who perceived their weight as not "exactly the right weight" had a higher risk of poor SRH than those who perceived their weight as "exactly the right weight" in both men and women. Older men who thought they were much too fat or too thin had similar highest risks of poor SRH, whereas older women who thought they were too thin had the highest risk of poor SRH. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of considering sex and body image perceptions when assessing the relationship between BMI and SRH in older adults, especially in men.

Examining the importance of built and natural environment factors in predicting self-rated health in older adults: An extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) approach

Previous studies indicate that natural and built environment factors significantly influence health outcomes in older adults. However, most cross-sectional studies exploring the impact of these factors on health fail to quantify the relative importance of each factor. Here, we use the XGBoost machine learning technique with SHAPley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to rank the importance of built environment factors, natural environmental factors, and sociodemographic factors in shaping older adults’ odds of good self-rated health (SRH), in Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen, China. To address self-selection bias in housing choice, older adults living in private housing, who have more freedom to choose residential locations, were distinguished from those living in public or self-built housing. To better interpret the results of XGBoost outcomes and analyse the association between factors and SRH, we used SHAP dependence plots. Results show that both built environment and natural environment factors play important roles in predicting SRH. Four built environment factors (accessibility to public transit stations, points of interest density, road density, and population density) and two natural environment factors (air quality index and surrounding greenness) have considerable predictive power for SRH for both groups. Among these factors, accessibility to public transit stations, road density, and air quality index become less important after controlling for self-selection bias. We also trace potential threshold effects of residential greenness, points of interest density, and road density on decreasing older adults' SRH within certain intervals after controlling for self-selection bias. Findings from this study can support the decision-making of policymakers regarding urban planning, landscape design, and environmental management to improve overall health of older adults.

A study on the equity of self-rated health of older adults at the family level

BackgroundThe self-rated health of older adults (SHOA) plays an important role in enhancing their medical service utilization and quality of life. However, the determinants and magnitude variations in SHOA at the family level (SHOAFL) remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the status and equitable level of SHOAFL in China, as well as to analyze the influencing factors and the precise nature and scope of their impacts.MethodsThis study analyzed the data from the "Chinese residents' health service needs survey in the New Era", and included a total of 1413 families with older adults. The status and influencing factors of SHOAFL were analyzed using mean comparison and Logistic regression (LR) models. The Concentration Index method was used to explore the equity of the distribution of SHOAFL. The relationship between differences in personal characteristics among family members and differences in SHOA was determined by the method of Coupling Coordination Degree (CCD).ResultsThe total score of SHOAFL was 66.36 ± 15.47, and LR results revealed that the factors with a significant impact on SHOAFL were number of people living in family, distance to the nearest medical service institution, travel time to the nearest medical service institution, annual family income, yearly family medical and health expenditures, average age, and residence (all P < 0.05). The Concentration index of SHOAFL ranged from -0.0315 to 0.0560. CCD of the differences between SHOA and medical insurance and smoking status were 0.9534 and 0.7132, respectively.ConclusionThe SHOAFL was found to be generally but more inclined towards urban families with high incomes and a short time to medical service institution. The observed disparities in SHOA among family members were mostly attributable to differences in health insurance and pre-retirement occupations. The status and equality of SHOAFL may be improved if policymakers prioritize making services more accessible to older rural residents with low incomes. Concurrently, reducing the existing discrepancy in health insurance coverage between older couples may also enhance their health.

The effect of 5G policy development on self-rated health among Chinese older adults: A quasi-experimental study

ObjectivesThe Chinese government attaches great importance to the construction of 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology infrastructure. This study aimed to estimate the effect of the 5G policy development on the self-rated health of older adults in mainland China. MethodsUsing the nationally representative data from the China Family Panel Studies in 2018 and its follow-up in 2020, 2334 participants aged 60 and older were analyzed in our study. We employed the two-way fixed estimator in the difference in difference setting to analyse the SRH of the older adults in the cohort with different development level of the 5G measured by the number of policies, and explore the relative differences before and after the onset of 5G policies. And the heterogeneity and several robustness checks were conducted in the analysis. ResultsAfter the onset of the 5G policies, the probability of older adults self-rating good health increased by 31% for each unit increase in the development level of 5G policies, after adjusting covariates. And there were notable disparities in age group, gender, and living areas. The improving effect of the 5G policies on SRH was intensified in the younger ones aged 65–74 years, the females, and those living in urban areas. ConclusionsOur findings showed that the development of 5G policies has a positive role in the SRH of older adults, indicating the health-promoting effects of technological advances. Considering the heterogeneity, more attention and target measures must be taken to help socio-economically disadvantaged groups avoid the digital vicious cycle.

Factors related to self-rated health of older adults in rural China: A study based on decision tree and logistic regression model.

This study aimed to explore the related factors of self-rated health (SRH) by using decision tree and logistic regression models among older adults in rural China. Convenience sampling was employed with 1,223 enrolled respondents who met the inclusion criteria from 10 randomly selected villages in M County in China. The content of the questionnaire covered demographic characteristics, physical and mental health, sleep status, and risk of falling. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Morse Falls Risk Scale (MFS) were used to evaluate sleep status and risk of falling, respectively. The decision tree and logistic regression models were employed to analyze the related factors of SRH. Notably, 817 (68.7%) subjects had good SRH. The logistic regression model showed that living standard, alcohol consumption, sleep quality, labor, hospitalization, discomfort, the number of chronic diseases, and mental health were associated with SRH (P-value < 0.05), while the decision tree model showed that the number of chronic diseases, sleep quality, mental health, hospitalization, gender, and drinking were associated with SRH. The sensitivity and specificity of the logistic regression model were 67.7 and 75.5%, respectively, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.789 (0.763, 0.816); the sensitivity and specificity of the decision tree model were 71.5, and 61.4% respectively, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.733 (0.703, 0.763). Decision tree and logistic regression models complement each other and can describe the factors related to the SRH of the elderly in rural China from different aspects. Our findings indicated that mental health, hospitalization, drinking, and sleep quality were the important associated factors.

The Relationship between Internet Use and Self-Rated Health among Older Adults in China: The Mediating Role of Social Support.

The development of Internet technology has significantly impacted how people live their daily lives. How this disparity in Internet use affects the self-rated health of older adults needs to be further explored. This paper studies the impact of Internet use on self-rated health, aiming to examine the effect of Internet use and social support on the self-rated health of older adults in China. This study used data from the 2017 China General Social Survey (CGSS) to verify the effect of Internet use on older adults' self-rated health. The results showed that Chinese elderly who used the Internet had a higher self-rated health, and social support from relatives and friends significantly improved the elderly's self-rated health. This social support played a critical, partially mediating role between Internet use and self-rated health. In China, the effect of Internet use on older adults' self-rated health was heterogeneous. Among them, the impact of Internet use was more significant for the male elderly, younger elderly, and rural elderly. The results suggest that the government should formulate targeted policies to improve the utilization of the Internet and maintain a good Internet environment to enhance the well-being of older adults according to the trend of population aging and the popularity of the Internet.

Dual-task cost of the Enhanced Gait Variability Index in community-dwelling older adults

BackgroundGait variability is associated with brain abnormalities, falls, and disability in older adults. The Enhanced Gait Variability Index (EGVI), a composite measure of gait variability, offers advantages over traditional measures of variability for individual spatiotemporal parameters (STPs). Gait assessment under complex conditions may reveal additional information about performance and provide insight into potential abnormalities. The EGVI has not been investigated in older adults while performing a concurrent motor task. Research questionTo examine dual-task cost of the EGVI and STPs in a sample of community-dwelling older adults. MethodsThirty-eight community-dwelling older adults (mean age = 72.5 years) walked at self-selected speeds on an instrumented walkway under a single-task (ST) and a motor dual-task (DT) condition. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the EGVI, STPs included in the EGVI, and several other common STPs (cadence, stride width, percent double-support). Wilcoxon signed-rank tests assessed differences in each gait variable between conditions. Dual-task cost (DTC) was calculated for each gait variable. ResultsGoing from ST to DT walking, EGVI scores increased significantly (104.5 ± 8.4 to 125.1 ± 10.8, p < .001). Participants also increased double-support (p < .001) and stance time (p < .01), while decreasing stride velocity (p < .001), step length (p < .001), and single-support time (p < .05). Significant changes were not observed for cadence, stride width, or step time. Stride velocity and EGVI showed the greatest DTC. SignificanceWhen confronted with a concurrent motor dual-task, older adults responded by increasing their EGVI and altering several STPs. The EGVI is a single composite measure that may have utility under ST and DT conditions to enhance understanding of gait variability in older adults. Further research should examine if DTC of EGVI scores predict meaningful constructs such as falls, participation, and self-rated health in older adults.

Bidirectional Links of Daily Sleep Quality and Duration With Pain and Self-rated Health in Older Adults' Daily Lives.

Sleep and health perceptions, such as self-ratings of pain and health are closely linked. However, the temporal ordering of such associations is not well understood, and it remains unclear whether sleep quality and sleep duration show similar or differential associations with health perceptions. We used ecological momentary assessment data from 123 young-old (66-69 years, 47% women) and 47 old-old adults (84-90 years, 60% women). Across 7 consecutive days, participants reported their sleep quality and sleep duration each morning and rated their momentary pain and health 6 times per day. We applied dynamic structural equation models to examine bidirectional links of morning reports of sleep quality and duration with daily levels of self-rated pain and health. In line with the hypotheses, results showed that when participants reported better sleep quality than what is typical for them, they reported less pain and better self-rated health on the day that followed. Longer sleep duration was not linked with subsequent pain or self-rated health. On days when people rated their health as better than usual, they reported better sleep quality but not longer sleep duration the following night. These associations were not moderated by age, gender, or chronic pain. Findings suggest that in old age, sleep quality is more relevant for health perceptions than sleep duration. Associations between sleep quality and self-rated health seem to be bidirectional; daily pain was linked to prior but not subsequent sleep quality.

Health benefits of compact cities for Chinese older adults: Nation-level study of Chinese cities

Studies in North American and European cities since the 2000s have found that living in compact cities led to health gains for urban residents, although the benefits can be small and nuanced. Studies in China have shown mixed results, and higher urban density can be associated with adverse health outcomes due to heavier air pollution and overcrowding in Chinese cities. This paper examines the relationship between urban compactness and the self-rated health of older adults in 278 Chinese prefectural and up-level cities based on China’s 2010 census. We use a composite urban compact index incorporating population density, land use, and transportation patterns—salient characteristics according to the compact city and health literature. Our results show that living in compact cities in China is associated with significant statistical gain in self-evaluations of health for older adults, controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental variables, but the extents of the benefit vary among cities in Eastern, Central, and Western Regions of China, confirming the nonlinear relationship suggested by other studies on individual Chinese cities. The research calls for greater attention to the role of compact cities in supporting the healthy aging processes for older adults in urban China and the potential damage to their physical and mental well-being due to rapidly declining urban compactness in recent decades. The model also identifies other distinctive contributing factors for the self-rated health of older adults in three geographical zones and policy implications.

Effects of Social Interaction on Self-Rated Health of Older Adults: The Mediating Effect of Psychological Capital

To analyze the effect of social interaction on the self-rated health of older adults and the mediating effect played by psychological capital in the process. The ordered probit regression model was used to analyze the impact of factors concerning social interaction on the self-rated health of the older adults, and the Bootstrap method was used to analyze the mediating effect of psychological capital. After controlling for variables of individual characteristics, active social interaction ( β=0.094, P<0.01), social contact with relatives ( β=0.075, P<0.1), and social contact with friends ( β=0.049, P<0.01) have significant positive effects on the self-rated health of older adults, while social contact with neighbors ( β=-0.019, P>0.1) did no display significant effect. Psychological capital plays a partial mediating effect on the influence of active social interaction, social contact with relatives, and social contact with friends on the self-rated health of older adults, with the mediating effect of psychological impact accounting for 15.84%, 19.40% and 11.23%, respectively, of the influence. Social interaction promotes the self-rated health of older adults, and psychological capital plays a partial mediating effect in the process. Encouraging older adults to participate in social interaction and giving positive informational feedbacks can help increase the psychological capital of the elderly, thereby improving their health.

Pathways to healthy aging – Exploring the determinants of self-rated health in older adults

ObjectiveThe decade 2021–2030 has been declared the Decade of Healthy Aging by the United Nations General Assembly, underlining that health is central to the experience of older age and the opportunities that aging brings. Self-rated health (SRH) appears consistent with the state of objective health, and therefore can serve as a simple core indicator of healthy aging. SRH can be affected by psychological and lifestyle factors, and by the developmental and sociodemographic context, which can directly and indirectly influence subjective health status. The aim of the present study was to establish the structure of the relationships between SRH, health-related behavior, subjective wellbeing, developmental tasks attainment and sociodemographic factors in the late-life period. MethodsThe study group consisted of 340 Polish retired seniors, aged 61 to 94 (M = 70.75, SD = 6.48): 88 men (25.9 %) and 252 women (74.1 %). The respondents completed the following measures: 10-point numerical scale for SRH, Health-Related Questionnaire for Seniors, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Developmental Tasks Questionnaire for Seniors and a sociodemographic survey. ResultsThe group demonstrated a medium level of SRH and other variables. SHR was positively correlated with health-related behavior, wellbeing, developmental tasks attainment and perceived economic status, and negatively with age. Structural equation model revealed that health-related behavior, wellbeing, age and economic status have a direct influence on SRH. Developmental tasks attainment was found to predict health behavior, although no direct relationship with SRH was found. ConclusionsA broader understanding of healthy aging is achieved by considering the context of its factors. Psychological interventions should promote a healthy lifestyle and adapt it to the late life period to promote health among seniors.

Life-course income trajectories of men and women in Norway: implications for self-rated health in later life.

BackgroundSocioeconomic inequalities in health are well-established, but studies addressing lagged effects of income or of fluctuations in income over the life course are relatively rare. The current study aims to (i) identify and describe life-course income trajectories for men and women who are currently in later life; and (ii) assess the association of income trajectories with self-rated health in older adults.MethodsThe study sample consisted of 1625 men and 1634 women born between 1937 and 1955 who participated in the third wave of the Norwegian Life course, Ageing and Generation Study. Latent class growth analyses were used to estimate dominant income trajectories from ages 30 through 62 in men and women. Stepwise logistic regression analyses were specified to analyze the association of income trajectories with self-rated health in later life.ResultsFour trajectories in women and three trajectories in men were estimated as dominant patterns of income over the life course. Differences in the level of income were considerable at age 30 and accumulated over time. Continued exposure to low income showed statistically significant higher odds for poor self-rated health in older men and women. This association remained significant after taking differences in educational attainment, working life, family formation and accumulated wealth into account.ConclusionThe findings suggested remarkable rigidity in income groups that had formed by age 30. A significant share of men and women remain mired in relatively low-income status across the life course with negative implications for health in later life.

Longitudinal association between work and self-rated health in older adults: a systematic review

Objective Japan's shortage in labor force due to a declining birth rate and aging population has led to the rapid development of various systems and work environments to promote the employment of older adults. With increasing expectations for the active participation of older adults in the labor market, it is necessary to clarify the relationship between work and physical and mental health in this population, as well as the challenges they face. In particular, self-rated health is an important health indicator that captures the overall health status of older adults, which is strongly related to the decline in life functions and the increase in healthy life expectancy. In this study, we examined the longitudinal association between work and self-rated health perception among older adults.Methods A literature search was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and the Japana Centra Revuo Medicina (Igaku Chuo Zasshi in Japanese). The keywords selected for the search were "older adult," "employment," and "self-rated health." The inclusion criteria were i) the baseline age of study subjects was 60 years or older, ii) employment was used as an independent variable and self-rated health was used as a dependent variable, and iii) studies were longitudinal. The quality of the selected literature was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).Results As a result of the review, a total of five studies were accepted. Four studies were from Japan and one was from the United States. The NOS scores showed that all selected studies were of high quality, scoring 6 or 7 on a 9-point scale. Three of the five studies reported that older adults who were working had higher self-rated health than those who were not working. Two of the five studies reported no significant association between employment and self-rated health among older adults.Conclusion This systematic review suggested a significant relationship between work and self-rated health among older adults. However, the number of studies that focused on the longitudinal effect of employment was limited. Employment in later life is becoming increasingly common, therefore further evidence on its effect on health should be gathered.

Potential mediators of the relationship between vision impairment and self-rated health in older adults: A comparison between long-term care insurance claimants in residential care institutions versus those living in the community

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to examine the mediating roles of functional and psychological factors on the relationship between vision impairment (VI) and self-rated health (SRH) in older adults in residential care institutions versus those living in the community. DesignA cross-sectional survey study. Setting and ParticipantsWe obtained data for this study from the public Long-term Care Insurance (LTCI) database of Yiwu, Zhejiang province, China. Our data included adults aged ≥ 60 years who had received the qualification assessment from September through December 2018. In total, 2,427 elderly individuals were included for analysis, including 747 older adults in residential care institutions and 1,680 older adults living in the community. MeasuresVI and SRH were measured using participants’ self-reported information. Potentially relevant functional and psychological factors were assessed using LTCI qualification assessment data, including self-care activities, mobility, incontinence, perceived usefulness, perceived fatigue, and perceived interest. The Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) method was used to examine whether functional and psychological factors mediated the relationship between VI and SRH and to calculate the mediated percentage among older adults. ResultsControlling for sociodemographic characteristics, all functional and psychological factors except mobility mediated the effect of severe VI on SRH in older adults living in the community. For older adults living in residential care institutions, self-care activities, mobility, and perceived usefulness mediated the effects of both moderate and severe VI on SRH, while perceived fatigue and perceived interest mediated the effect of severe VI on SRH. ConclusionsThe findings of this study support the idea that functional and psychological factors mediate the relationship between vision impairment and self-rated health in older adults, and that different mediating pathways exist between older adults in residential care institutions and those living in the community. Our research highlights the importance of developing tailored interventions for visually impaired older adults through an integrative model to improve their overall well-being.

Adult Children's Intergenerational Mobility and Older Adults' Self-Rated Health: A U.S.-China Comparison.

This study examines whether and how adult children's educational mobility is associated with the self-rated health of older adults aged 50 and above in China and the United States. The analytic sample included 12,445 Chinese respondents from the 2011 to 2013 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, and 17,121 US respondents from the 2010 to 2012 Health and Retirement Study. Multinomial logistic regression was employed to examine the relationship between children's educational mobility and parents' self-rated health, and the Karlson-Holm-Breen-method was used for mediation analysis. Adult children's upward mobility was associated with their parents' better health in both countries. This association was mediated by child-to-parent economic support, as well as parents' social engagement and depressive symptoms in China; in the United States, parents' depression was the only significant mediator. This study is among the first to empirically show the benefit of adult children's upward mobility for their parents' health. The cross-national differences in the mediating paths suggest that the cross-over effect of children's intergenerational mobility on their parents' health is embedded within specific sociocultural contexts.

Impact of Social Cognition on the Self-Rated Health of the Elderly and Its Mechanisms: Evidence From China's Comprehensive Social Survey.

Whether and how the differentiated social cognition of the elderly affects their self-rated health has not been deeply discussed. Based on social cognition theory and Chinese situation, this study constructs the social cognitive dimension of Chinese elderly including social attitude, class identity and perception of social relations. Using the data from Chinese General Social Survey in 2017, this study screens out 1,728 elderly people aged 60 and over, and discusses the impact mechanism of social cognition on self-rated health of Chinese elderly people aged 60 and over by the construction of structural equation model and mediation effect test method. The results show that social attitude, class identity and perceptions of social relationships have significantly positive effects on the self-rated health levels of elderly individuals. Among them, the path coefficient of social attitude to self-rated health was 0.049, the path coefficient of class identity to self-rated health was 0.171, and the path coefficient of social relationship perception to self-rated health was 0.248; both class identity and perception of social relationship have significant mediating effects on elderly self-rated health through social engagement. This study shows that social cognition rarely studied in existing literature has significant effects on the self-rated health of older adults, providing fruitful insights for enhancing the self-rated health level of elderly individuals.