Self-rated Cognitive Function Research Articles

Parenting styles and health in mid- and late life: evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study

BackgroundsThe impact of relationships in early childhood may be long-lasting and reaching to mid to late life. Limited studies have investigated the associations between parenting style and different aspects of well-being beyond adolescence. The current study aims to examine the association between parenting styles and multiple dimensions of functioning in mid-and later-life adults.MethodsWe used data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) was applied to examine the association between retrospective parenting styles/behaviors in childhood and health outcome.ResultsCompared with authoritative style, authoritarian style predicted worse self-rated health (coefficient = − 0.13, P < 0.001), cognitive function (− 0.23, P < 0.05) and depressive symptom (0.87, P < 0.001). Paternal affection was associated with more health outcome in mid- and late life than maternal affection. Only paternal affection was a significant predictor of mid- and late life health among male adults, while both paternal and maternal affection were strong predictors among female adults. Authoritative style was associated more positive health outcomes in mid- and late life among adults with literate parents than those with illiterate parents.ConclusionThis study provides evidence for the link between parenting behaviors in early life stage and physical and psychological functioning in mid- to late adulthood. Authoritative style, and the memory of parental affection, particularly from father and educated parents, could have long-lasting positive influence on children’s physical and mental well-being, which further support the life-course perspective on human development.

Gait Speed Is Associated with Cognitive Function among Older Adults with HIV.

Objectives: To determine links between objectively and subjectively measured physical function and cognitive function among HIV-positive older adults, a growing yet understudied group with elevated risk for multimorbidity. Methods: At a biomedical research visit, 162 participants completed objective tests of gait speed (4-m walk), grip strength (dynamometer), and cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA) and reported their well-being (Medical Outcomes Study-HIV survey). Results: Those with faster gait speed had better overall cognitive function than those with slower gait speed (b = 3.98, SE = 1.30, p = .003) in an adjusted regression model controlling for age, sex, race, height, preferred language, and assistive device use. Grip strength was not significantly associated with overall cognitive function. Self-rated cognitive function was weakly related to MoCA scores (r = .26) and gait speed (r = .14) but was strongly associated with emotional well-being (r = .53). Discussion: These observed, expected connections between physical and cognitive function could inform intervention strategies to mitigate age-related declines for older adults with HIV.

The impact of sepsis, delirium, and psychological distress on self-rated cognitive function in ICU survivors\u2014a prospective cohort study

BackgroundMany intensive care unit (ICU) survivors develop psychological problems and cognitive impairment. The relation between sepsis, delirium, and later cognitive problems is not fully elucidated, and the impact of psychological symptoms on cognitive function is poorly studied in ICU survivors. The primary aim of this study was to examine the relationship between sepsis, ICU delirium, and later self-rated cognitive function. A second aim was to investigate the association between psychological problems and self-rated cognitive function 3 months after the ICU stay.MethodsPatients staying more than 24 h at the general ICU at the Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden, were screened for delirium with the Confusion Assessment Method-ICU (CAM-ICU) during their ICU stay. Sepsis incidence and severity were recorded. Three months later, 216 patients received the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms-10 (PTSS-10) questionnaires via postal mail.ResultsOne hundred twenty-five patients (60%) responded to all questionnaires. Among respondents, the incidence of severe sepsis or septic shock was 42%. The overall incidence of delirium was 34%. Patients with severe sepsis/septic shock had a higher incidence of delirium, with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.7 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.7–8.1). Self-rated cognitive problems 3 months post-ICU were found in 58% of the patients. We did not find any association between sepsis or delirium and late self-rated cognitive function. However, there was a correlation between psychological symptoms and self-rated cognitive function, with the strongest correlation between PTSS-10 scores and CFQ scores (r = 0.53; p < 0.001).ConclusionsICU delirium is more common in severely septic/septic shock patients. In our cohort, neither severe sepsis nor ICU delirium was associated with self-rated cognitive function 3 months after the ICU stay. Ongoing psychological symptoms, particularly post-traumatic stress was associated with worse self-rated cognitive function. Psychological symptoms need to be taken into account when assessing cognitive function in ICU survivors.

Characteristics of Healthy Older Adults that Influence Self-rated Cognitive Function.

We sought to clarify the nature of self-reported cognitive function among healthy older adults by considering the short-term, within-person association (coupling) of subjective cognitive function with objective cognitive performance. We expected this within-person coupling to differ between persons as a function of self-perceived global cognitive decline and depression, anxiety, or neuroticism. This was an intensive measurement (short-term longitudinal) study of 29 older adult volunteers between the ages of 65 and 80 years without an existing diagnosis of dementia or mild cognitive impairment. Baseline assessment included neuropsychological testing and self-reported depression, anxiety, and neuroticism, as well as self- and informant-reported cognitive decline (relative to 10 years previously). Intensive within-person measurement occasions included subjective ratings of cognitive function paired with performance on a computerized working memory (n-back) task; each participant attended four or five assessments separated by intervals of at least one day. Statistical analysis was comprised of multilevel linear regression. Comparison of models suggested that both neuroticism and self-rated cognitive decline explained unique variance in the within-person, across-occasion coupling of subjective cognitive function with objective working memory performance. Self-ratings of cognition may accurately reflect day-to-day variations in objective cognitive performance among older adults, especially for individuals lower in neuroticism and higher in self-reported cognitive decline. Clinicians should consider these individual differences when determining the validity of complaints about perceived cognitive declines in the context of otherwise healthy aging. (JINS, 2018, 24, 57-66).

Physical Health and Cognitive Function Independently Contributed to Functional Disability among Chinese Older Adults: Data from Two Asian Metropolises

Objective. We aimed to examine the independent contributions of physical health and cognitive function to disability among Chinese older adults living in two Asian metropolises and explore the potential influences of environment. Design and Participants. Cross-sectional analysis based on data from two population-based studies: the Shanghai Survey of Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia (n = 4639) and the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study (n = 2397). Disability was defined as needing help in at least one activity of daily living. Results. The prevalence of functional disability was higher in Shanghai sample (5%) than that in Singapore sample (1.8%). Number of chronic diseases, self-rated health status, cognitive function (measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination), and environment (Singapore versus Shanghai) significantly contributed to functional disability independent of each other. The adjusted Odds Ratio was 1.35 (95%CI 1.22–1.50), 2.85 (95% CI 2.36–3.43), 0.89 (95% CI 0.85–0.94), and 0.68 (95% CI 0.48–0.96), respectively. The strength of associations between health variables and disability appeared to be influenced by environment. Conclusion. Physical health and cognitive function independently contributed to functional disability. The associations are modulated by environmental factors.

Predictors of deterioration in health‐related quality of life in Parkinson's disease: Results from the DATATOP trial

The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with decline in health-related quality of life in Parkinson's disease, by a retrospective cohort study from referral centers in Canada and the United States. Subjects were patients with early Parkinson's disease (N = 362) enrolled in a clinical trial of deprenyl (selegiline) and tocopherol (DATATOP) and followed prospectively. The main outcome measure was change in health-related quality of life using SF-36 Mental and Physical Component Summary scores. The mean interval between SF-36 measurements was 1.7 +/- 0.1 years, beginning 5 to 6 years after enrolment into the trial. In multivariable analysis, baseline Hamilton Depression Scale scores and self-rated cognitive function were associated with subsequent decline in Physical Component Summary scores, while older age and Schwab and England activities of daily living scores were associated with decline in Mental Component Summary scores. The Postural Instability Gait Disorder score was the only variable found to decline concurrently with HRQOL. Our results suggest that depression, self-rated cognitive function, and one's degree of functional independence are predictors of subsequent changes in HRQOL. Our focus in clinical care needs to be broadened beyond assessing and treating Parkinsonism, recognizing the impact of mood, cognition and function on HRQOL.

Effect of Open-Label Lamotrigine as Monotherapy and Adjunctive Therapy on the Self-Assessed Cognitive Function Scores of Patients With Bipolar I Disorder

Cognitive deficits in patients with bipolar disorder are likely to impair occupational and social functioning. In a post hoc analysis of data from a prospective, open-label study of lamotrigine in 1175 patients 13 years or older with bipolar I disorder, changes in the self-rated cognitive function scores of patients receiving lamotrigine as monotherapy or as adjunctive therapy were evaluated. Lamotrigine was given for 12 weeks, with a target dosage of 200 mg/d. Cognitive function was assessed at baseline and week 12 with the self-rated Medical Outcomes Study Cognitive (MOS-Cog) Scale. Mean MOS-Cog scores improved significantly from baseline in the overall group (+8.4 +/- 22.55 points, P < 0.0001) and in subgroups of patients receiving and not receiving concomitant valproate, antidepressants, or antipsychotics. Patients receiving lamotrigine and not receiving concomitant antipsychotics, however, exhibited a small but significantly greater degree of improvement than patients who were receiving concomitant antipsychotics (adjusted mean difference = 4.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.30-6.81; P = 0.0039). Statistically significant improvement was seen in patient subgroups with a depressive (mean change from baseline, 8.8 +/- 21.97; P < 0.0001) or a manic (mean change from baseline, 7.5 +/- 22.62; P = 0.0007) index episode. Improvements in MOS-Cog scores significantly correlated with improvement in both depressive (correlation coefficient, -0.339; P < 0.0001) and manic (correlation coefficient, -0.151; P < 0.0001) symptoms. Overall, self-rated cognitive function scores improved during open-label lamotrigine therapy in patients with bipolar I disorder whether or not they were receiving concomitant valproate, antidepressants, or antipsychotics. Additional research is needed to explore the clinical relevance of these findings.

Cognitive function in the acute course of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for hematological malignancies

The aim of the study was to assess cognitive performance in patients with hematological malignancies before, and 3 months after, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). A consecutive sample of 39 patients was assessed before admission with a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery and health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) questionnaires; 19 of these patients were retested around 100 days post HSCT. Test results were compared with normative data and revealed minimal differences at both time points in the level of group-means. One parameter - simple reaction time - was significantly worse (prolonged) at second measurement after HSCT. According to the definition of an impairment score (more than three impaired functions), 26% of patients were classified as impaired before as well as after HSCT. Neuropsychological test results did not vary systematically according to medical variables such as extent of pretreatment, graft-versus-host-disease (GvHD) and kind of conditioning protocol. As a dimension of HRQoL, self-rated cognitive function was in the normal range before and after HSCT. Significant correlations between HRQoL and neuropsychological parameters were related to symptom scales. This study showed impairments of neuropsychological performance for a subgroup of patients before and after allogeneic HSCT. Systematic effects of conditioning, medical variables or self-rated HRQoL could not be observed.