Self-imposed Barriers Research Articles

The influence of personality traits on johari window perception and self-disclosure in the workplace

The Johari Window, developed by Luft and Ingham, is a cognitive tool for self-discovery and enhancing mutual understanding in teams. It consists of four quadrants: Arena (shared knowledge), Blindspot (unknown to self), Facade (known to self but not others), and Unknown (mutual lack of awareness). These quadrants reflect the dynamics of open communication, limited self-awareness, self-imposed barriers, and unexplored aspects that impact relationships. This research article aims to present data on Johari Window traits using bar graphs derived from Microsoft Excel and analyze gender-based differences within the Indian workplace. The study includes 420 participants from 14 states in India and utilizes a reliable questionnaire to assess Johari window formation. Data analysis and calculations are performed using Microsoft Excel to compute the E and F points representing self-disclosure and perception. The findings highlight the importance of self-awareness, open communication, and authenticity in fostering positive work environments and enhancing interpersonal relationships. The analysis of state-wise feedback reveals cultural influences on individuals' self-perception and communication patterns. Notably, the study finds no significant gender-based differences in the variability of the Johari window quadrants, indicating progress towards gender equality in Indian workplaces. Overall, this research contributes to understanding the role of personality traits in shaping interpersonal dynamics within organizations and provides practical implications for fostering self-awareness and improving workplace relationships.

Networking and other important requirements for women leaders in their advancement to senior leadership positions in the National Health Service (NHS): a qualitative study

BackgroundExecutive leadership boards in healthcare should be diverse, reflecting the populations they serve and the workforce serving in them. Worldwide, women constitute most of the healthcare workforce, yet the minority...

Effects of Self-Imposed Barriers Towards Career Advancement of Women in The Hospitality Industry, 3-5 Star Hotels in Nakuru County

The general objective of this study was to assess the effect of self-imposed barriers towards career advancement of women in the hospitality industry; 3–5-star hotels in Nakuru County. The specific objectives of the study were the effect of family and work responsibilities, self-esteem, long working hours and work and family life balance on career progression. The study adopted descriptive research design using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The target population of the research was men holding management positions and women across the operational departments within the hotel including Front Office, Food and Beverage Service, Food and Beverage Production, Housekeeping and Managers. The sampling design used was stratified sampling design since the population could be divided into departments and also purposive sampling technique was used for the department heads. The sample size was 240 respondents but only 196 respondents answered the questionnaires resulting to a response rate of 81.7%. Data was collected using questionnaires where the researcher went in person to the star rated hotels to deliver the questionnaires. The findings of the study indicated that self-imposed barriers hinder women from achieving career development in the hotel industry. Based on the items provided on the questionnaire, most respondents strongly agreed that work and family responsibilities impacted their career growth with a mean of 4.5765 and a standard deviation of 0.65575. Long working hours provided a mean of 4.5969 with a standard deviation of 0.60408. It was further observed that self-esteem had a mean of 3.0612 with a standard deviation of 1.23883. Balancing between work and family matters had a mean of 4.5714 with a standard deviation of 0.62429. There was varying levels of agreement with regards to diminished self-esteem. This clearly indicated that each respondent had a different view of how their self-confidence influenced their career progress since it is a personal thing. It was also evident that the highest number of respondents had challenges on their career development due to the challenge of balancing between work and family matters.

ПРИЧИНИ, НАСЛІДКИ ТА ШЛЯХИ ПОДОЛАННЯ ТРИВОЖНОСТІ У ДОРОСЛИХ ОПАНОВУВАЧІВ АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВИ

The article seeks to understand the nature of foreign language anxiety (FLA) and how it may be manifested in adults’ learning behavior. It has been established that anxiety, as a powerful emotional state, may be triggered by a threat to an individual’s ego or self-esteem, and seriously impede his or her cogitative performance. With this in mind, this research proves that adults’ inclination to experience this emotional state may be explained by a set of definite reasons, which stem from the changes, which older students undergo with aging. The obtained results indicate that adults’ rich life experience and educational background will be inevitably reflected in their attitude to a learning process and trigger the transition from the teacher-centered pedagogical model of delivering the learning input to the student-centered andragogical one. Such a shifting is believed to become the first step to overcoming FLA, which may be intensified by the significant changes in the general methodological paradigm. The paper reveals that in order to desuggest the self-imposed barriers, which prevent adult learners (AL) from successful FL acquisition, it might be relevant to employ intensive learning techniques. In addition, it seems plausible to apply the Communicative and Cognitive approach, as its core idea is to prepare adults to independent speech production. Furthermore, this paper draws on advanced approaches to AL’ assessment. Specifically, it proposes project-based learning and assessment as an alternative to traditional assessment strategies.

Changing Medical Education, Overnight: The Curricular Response to COVID-19 of Nine Medical Schools

Issue: Calls to change medical education have been frequent, persistent, and generally limited to alterations in content or structural re-organization. Self-imposed barriers have prevented adoption of more radical pedagogical approaches, so recent predictions of the ‘inevitability’ of medical education transitioning to online delivery seemed unlikely. Then in March 2020 the COVID-19 pandemic forced medical schools to overcome established barriers overnight and make the most rapid curricular shift in medical education’s history. We share the collated reports of nine medical schools and postulate how recent responses may influence future medical education. Evidence: While extraneous pandemic-related factors make it impossible to scientifically distinguish the impact of the curricular changes, some themes emerged. The rapid transition to online delivery was made possible by all schools having learning management systems and key electronic resources already blended into their curricula; we were closer to online delivery than anticipated. Student engagement with online delivery varied with different pedagogies used and the importance of social learning and interaction along with autonomy in learning were apparent. These are factors known to enhance online learning, and the student-centered modalities (e.g. problem-based learning) that included them appeared to be more engaging. Assumptions that the new online environment would be easily adopted and embraced by ‘technophilic’ students did not always hold true. Achieving true distance medical education will take longer than this ‘overnight’ response, but adhering to best practices for online education may open a new realm of possibilities. Implications: While this experience did not confirm that online medical education is really ‘inevitable,’ it revealed that it is possible. Thoughtfully blending more online components into a medical curriculum will allow us to take advantage of this environment’s strengths such as efficiency and the ability to support asynchronous and autonomous learning that engage and foster intrinsic learning in our students. While maintaining aspects of social interaction, online learning could enhance pre-clinical medical education by allowing integration and collaboration among classes of medical students, other health professionals, and even between medical schools. What remains to be seen is whether COVID-19 provided the experience, vision and courage for medical education to change, or whether the old barriers will rise again when the pandemic is over.

Does legislative framework favors prescription of physical activity in primary care ? The French experience

ABSTRACT Objective Regular physical activity (PA) is a key element in chronic disease management. We studied the effect of a recent legislative framework given to physical activity prescription (PAP) on practices, motivations, barriers, and needs for PAP in primary care among general practitioners (GP) of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, France. Methods Our cross-sectional survey used a self-administrated questionnaire through two recruitment methods: e-mail address (online group) and face-to-face (office group). Based on the data pertaining to demography, motivation scores, needs, and barriers, we analyzed the profiles of participating GPs. Results Among the 283 GPs, online participants (n = 250) were younger than office participants (n = 33) (46 ± 11 vs. 51 ± 12 years, p = 0.0083), and were physically more active (80% vs 51%, p = 0.0006). Regular PA was also critical in the profile of current prescribers (OR = 2.83 (95%CI [1.28, 7.00]), p = 0.015). The motivation score for PAP was high and equal in both groups (10.5 ± 3.3 in a maximum of 15), but multiple barriers emerged, which demonstrated age-dependent variations in the score. Young GPs mostly identified self-imposed barriers (exercise referral, PAP training), while for older GPs these barriers were equally attributable to patients. Conclusion Although the legislative framework given to PAP in France was associated with a 12% increase in the number of prescribers, PA remains poorly prescribed in primary care, even among the most motivated physicians.

THE IMPACT OF STATUS ANONYMITY ON TEAM DYNAMICS IN CO-CREATION WORKSHOPS

AbstractThis paper looks at the positive effects of partial status anonymity in face-to-face co-creation workshops. Results suggest that especially during the early phases of co-creation, i.e. idea generation, participants experience more freedom to express themselves without self-imposed barriers. We observed positive effects in terms of (1) lowering or even suspending the perceived status among team members, (2) increased motivation, (3) freedom to speak and positive disposition to listen, (4) willingness to consider perspectives from other team members.

Reckoning with Structural Racism: A Restorative Jurisprudence of Equal Protection

The United States Supreme Court’s equal protection doctrine ignores the existence of structural racism, thus eschewing the opportunity inherent in the Fourteenth Amendment to combat the oppressive race-based gaps in life chances that structural racism produces. This failure to reckon with racism as it exists today is due at least in part to two doctrinal barriers: the intent doctrine and the frequent decontextualization of race. These self-imposed barriers could be overcome through the use of a revised jurisprudence — what we call a restorative jurisprudence of equal protection. Existing equal protection doctrine misconceives of race discrimination as the product of a strictly individual type of racism, i.e. interpersonal attitudes of racial superiority and intentional acts of bigotry. Our claim that equal protection doctrine needs revision to account for a more accurate conception of racism is not new. Numerous distinguished scholars, including Charles R. Lawrence, III, Ian Haney Lopez, and many others, have voiced such criticisms and offered methodologies for conforming the law to the real world. Adding our voices to that choir, we offer an additional framework, rooted in restorative values, for refashioning the doctrine. We suggest that a jurist who adopts restorative values is likely to interpret evidence of race discrimination and modify applicable doctrine in ways that are consistent with the realities of contemporary racism and inequality. Specifically, a restorative jurisprudence would help jurists acknowledge the importance of discriminatory effects and contextualize evidence, methodologies likely to result in a racism-combatting doctrine capable of interrupting structural racism and, in turn, advancing racial equality.

Incorporating a gender approach in the hospitality industry: Female executives’ perceptions

Despite the increasing presence of women in the hospitality labour market, empirical evidence shows persistent horizontal and vertical segregation, as well as a pay gap - a situation that perpetuates lost opportunities for the industry. Based on Barbara Risman’s model “Gender as a Social Structure” as a leading reference, the paper provides a gender based approach for the hospitality industry. Risman’s three levels of analysis (Individual, Interactional and Institutional) are completed with an Intersectional level, conforming the “Gender as a Social Structure in the Hospitality Industry” model. This model aims at identifying factors that cause discrimination among female executives. The methodology is based on thirty semi-structured in-depth interviews with female executives in the Spanish hospitality industry. The results show that the influence of self-imposed barriers, gender roles, problems associated with work-life conciliation and issues related to gendered organizations are the main factors that hinder achieving gender equality.

Rethinking a Glass Ceiling in the Hospitality Industry

Despite well-publicized exceptions, women are the minority in the highest levels of executive leadership—a phenomenon traditionally attributed to workplace barriers collectively termed the glass ceiling. Newer research, however, increasingly implicates self-imposed barriers to women’s advancement. This suggests that barriers to women might be undergoing a “shift” whereby personal priorities hold greater influence over advancement opportunities than do traditional workplace barriers. We tested this notion via an online survey of fifty-four male and forty-five female global industry leaders. Two main findings emerged. First, contrary to traditional stereotypes, men and women held essentially the same views on career and home life. Second, data revealed that men and women emphasized self-imposed barriers over workplace barriers as the major obstacles to women’s advancement. The most common self-imposed barriers involved family and household responsibilities holding a higher priority, as well as work–life balance, whereas the most prominent workplace barriers were lack of mentoring, lack of careful career planning, stereotyping, and perception of feminine traits. We argue that the “glass ceiling” is now predominantly a misnomer and that the current challenges to advancement are best characterized as an “invisible obstacle course” whereby organizations inadvertently fail in helping women to successfully manage their self-imposed barriers via a lack of active leadership development.

Feeling labeled, judged, lectured, and rejected by family and friends over depression: Cautionary results for primary care clinicians from a multi-centered, qualitative study

BackgroundFamily and friends may help patients seek out and engage in depression care. However, patients’ social networks can also undermine depression treatment and recovery. In an effort to improve depression care in primary care settings, we sought to identify, categorize, and alert primary care clinicians to depression-related messages that patients hear from friends and family that patients perceive as unhelpful or detrimental.MethodsWe conducted 15 focus groups in 3 cities. Participants (n = 116) with a personal history or knowledge of depression responded to open-ended questions about depression, including self-perceived barriers to care-seeking. Focus group conversations were audio-recorded and analyzed using iterative qualitative analysis.ResultsFour themes emerged related to negatively-received depression messages delivered by family and friends. Specifically, participants perceived these messages as making them feel labeled, judged, lectured to, and rejected by family and friends when discussing depression. Some participants also expressed their interpretation of their families’ motivations for delivering the messages and described how hearing these messages affected depression care.ConclusionsThe richness of our results reflects the complexity of communication within depression sufferers’ social networks around this stigmatized issue. To leverage patients’ social support networks effectively in depression care, primary care clinicians should be aware of both the potentially beneficial and detrimental aspects of social support. Specifically, clinicians should consider using open-ended queries into patients’ experiences with discussing depression with family and friends as an initial step in the process. An open-ended approach may avoid future emotional trauma or stigmatization and assist patients in overcoming self-imposed barriers to depression discussion, symptom disclosure, treatment adherence and follow-up care.

A Perspective on the Resident-Preceptor Bond

The central energy source in the effective training of residents resides in the bond or connection between a resident and a preceptor. It serves as the substrate for learning, mentoring, professional growth, and leadership development. This commentary explores the major dynamics of the preceptor-resident relationship, the major determinants of success, and some of the self-imposed barriers that may be counterproductive to an ideal relationship.

Exploring Obstacles to and Opportunities for Professional Success Among Ethnic Minority Medical Students

To explore the barriers and facilitators experienced by ethnic minority medical students in achieving personal and professional success. In 2002 and 2003, 43 minority medical students participated in one of six two-hour focus groups located in Philadelphia, Pa; Kansas City, Mo; Baltimore, Md; Miami, Fl; New York, NY; and Los Angeles, Calif. Focus groups consisted of an average of seven (range 5-10) individuals. Eighty-eight percent were of black/African descent, 10% were Hispanic, and 2% were Asian/Pacific Islanders. Students discussed their views of personal and professional success, including opportunities and obstacles, and completed a brief demographic survey. Discussions were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and reviewed for thematic content in a three-stage independent review/adjudication process. All 748 comments were grouped into themes relating to definitions of success (35%) and to perceived facilitators (25%) or inhibitors (40%) of success. Participants strove to achieve professional/academic status, financial security, and quality of life. In so doing, participants identified facilitators of success, including support systems, professional exposure, financial aid, and personal characteristics. Lack of financial and social support, challenges with standardized tests, experiences with racial stereotyping and discrimination, and self-imposed barriers were among inhibitors to success. The opportunities for and barriers to academic success identified by minority students should be heeded by educators and administrators who develop programs and policies to recruit minority medical students and to ensure their professional development. To enhance the institutional climate for diversity, programs that improve cultural awareness and reduce biases among all students, faculty, staff, and administrators are needed.

Growth of AuD programs found to increase training in counseling

Growth of AuD programs found to increase training in counseling

Barriers to expanding primary care roles for chiropractors: The role of chiropractic as primary care gatekeeper

Objective: To examine the feasibility of broader and more frequent primary care roles for chiropractors. Data Collection: Literature review and analysis of existing databases. Six types of barriers were examined, including legal, financial, professional, accessibility or geographic location, consumer preference, and self-imposed barriers. Results: Although research into the barriers of an expanded primary care role for chiropractors is inconclusive, several inferences can be drawn from this analysis. First, prevailing state practice acts preclude only a limited number of activities that are necessary for chiropractors to serve in a primary care capacity. The self-perception by a portion of the chiropractic profession that as neuromusculoskeletal system specialists, they are either uninterested or ill-prepared for providing primary care serves as a second barrier. Third, payment provisions that do not permit chiropractors to be reimbursed for primary care services significantly limit their ability to expand primary care capacity. Fourth, consumer perceptions of chiropractors as neuromusculoskeletal system specialists are a persistent barrier to expanding status. Given the current importance of managed care, the fifth and most crucial barrier for chiropractic may be managed care organizations' lack of interest in having chiropractors in primary care roles. Conclusion: Research on the barriers to a more expanded primary care role for chiropractors is incomplete. The available research helps little in ruling out plausible barriers that might make it possible to narrow the scope of subsequent research. (J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2002;25:427-49)

Disclosure of HIV status: cultural issues of Asian patients.

Disclosure of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status is a difficult emotional task creating opportunities for both support and rejection. For Asian patients there may be additional self-imposed barriers to disclosure that are rooted in cultural values. The purpose of this article is to describe how Asian cultural values of harmony and avoidance of conflict affect the disclosure experiences of HIV-positive Asian American and immigrants. Effective practice guidelines have been developed based on this information. Based on in-depth interviews with 16 HIV-positive Asian men, three focal issues were identified that serve as barriers to disclosure to family members: protection of family from shame, protection of family from obligation to help, and avoidance of communication regarding highly personal information. Additionally, patients felt disclosure was inhibited by the lack of HIV education to which families living overseas may have access. This is compounded by their lack of access to translated materials that they could send to family members. Similar to past disclosure research with non-Asian samples, the findings suggest that gay Asian men seek emotional support from gay friends. They would consider disclosing to relatives only when health reasons necessitated it. It is essential that helping professionals be attentive to the dishonor that patients may experience through disclosure and the stigma associated with being gay. Patients who are considering making a disclosure may need assistance with thinking through ways to provide HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) education to those family members that have little knowledge in this area. This may include translating or locating informational brochures translated into the family's language.

Class barriers to psychotherapy and counselling.

This paper focuses on the barriers to the uptake of counselling and psychotherapy from a social class perspective. It begins with a definition of class before discussing particular aspects that inhibit uptake. Barriers focused upon are those regarding travel, costs, child care, appointment times and location of actual therapists. Likewise barriers to the effective outcome, for example cognitive and verbal abilities of clients, are addressed and the way in which these barriers inhibit the referral rate from particular social groups. Finally the self-imposed barriers of certain social groups are explored regarding self exile from the counselling arena.