Self-generating System Research Articles

Postcritical school leadership encounters

Establishing quality education as a human right, public undertaking, and common good representative of humanity and the planet through imagining a “new social contract for education” is an ambitious endeavor and crucial to (post)humanity’s myriad ways of knowing, living, and being. This article introduces postcritical educational leadership as an indispensable element in shaping the future of education by informing and implementing new social contracts within schools, the wider education system, and other potential spaces of response-ability and intra-action (Barad in Meeting the universe halfway: quantum physics and the entanglement of matter and meaning, Duke University Press, Durham, 2007; Derrida Today 3(2):240–268, 2010). Within complex, rapidly changing, and self-generating systems, modes, models, and mechanisms of governance become re-territorialized, constantly forming new assemblages consisting of new structures, actors, and context-dependent educational landscapes. Dynamic and heterogeneous assemblages make a static understanding of governance not only superfluous; they make it impossible. We need to loosen power, stability, and neoliberal structures to generate new forms of participative leadership—particularly at the school level—characterized by cooperation, solidarity, trust, and justice. We therefore reframe educational leadership as becoming among all actors within multifaceted, rhizomatic (education) system(s) (Deleuze and Guattari in A thousand plateaus: Capitalism and schizophrenia, Minnesota University Press, Minneapolis, 1987). We argue for a multi-perspectival view of leadership that includes a focus on how school leaders perceive their own becoming (e.g., their needs, positionalities, emotions) and how this becoming intra-acts with increasing social, cultural, political, and ecological complexity. Deeper engagement through introspection, self-analysis, and a processing of self-in-context together with exploration of school leaders’ experiences with entanglements and assemblages will inform new governance arrangements and just and sustainable future-thinking and future-acting in education.

Autopoiesis Crosses the Human-Machine Boundary——A Brief Analysis of the NPC Image in the Film-Game Integration Movie

In recent years, with the development of popular culture and digital technology, there has been a new trend of fusion between online games and film art. In movies themed on popular games, some NPC images have developed self-awareness with the operation of artificial intelligence systems, they own the information body and the self-generating system, regarding human player as the mirror to self-identify and become a channel between the virtual and real worlds. These images play an important role in the narration, some of them resist system instructions in the climax of the story, not only break the original rules of the game, but also evolve new life forms, and challenge the authority of the traditional human-machine boundary for the acquisition of emotion, memory and thinking. The film's vivid interpretation of the NPC autogenesis process enriches the characters and expands the meaning of the theme, at the same time, it allows us to reflect on the contradictions and conflicts between humans, machines and other species from the perspective of virtual life, provides some inspiring opinions on how to meet the unknown posthuman future.

Daphne Oram

In her book An Individual Note (1972), Daphne Oram developed multiple extended analogies between humans and electronic sound technologies. Oram used these to suggest how “music and information theory, allied to technology” might be applied to mental health; and to support her design for a machine that would preserve human qualities through its interactivity and musical results. This music machine, Oram wrote, “is based mainly on controlled feedback and the computing of resultants.…It is a control system which could be applied to many fields, as well as music.” Analogies between organisms and machines, core concepts of control and feedback, information theory: These suggest a cybernetic cast to Oram’s work. As Dunbar-Hester (2010) has observed, however, some experimental musicians drew directly from cybernetic sources, while others employed cybernetic-sounding language without such explicit engagement. To date, Oram has figured in neither camp, scholarly interests having been directed primarily toward her pioneering position in the male-dominated field of electronic music. Drawing on archival work at the Daphne Oram Collection at Goldsmiths, University of London, this article uncovers sources and conditions that informed Oram’s relationship to cybernetic science and aesthetics. As Oram pursued a program of music research and invention in the 1960s–70s, cybernetics offered a vocabulary, methodology, and ontology that interfaced the worlds of computer art and scientific progress with those of spiritualism and higher sense perception. At the same time, Oram’s commitment to authorial control for the composer put her at odds with the interests in indeterminacy and self-generating systems predominant among artists publicly recognized as cybernetic. The uneasy fit between Oram’s work and music’s cybernetic canon points toward a “scientific-spiritual space” (Pickering, 2010) that existing historiographies of electronic music have not fully recognized, and shows there is far more than Oram as woman that needs to be written back into history.

Metodología APRENDYSAGE aplicada a los casos de estudio: Briceño (Boyacá) y Cajicá (Cundinamarca)

Contexto: La dependencia a las fuentes convencionales de energía eléctrica, el agotamiento de los recursos y la necesidad de mejorar la confiabilidad y eficiencia del servicio de energía eléctrica conllevan a la promoción de las fuentes no convencionales de energía eléctrica, como los recursos de biomasa residual pecuaria. Método: Este documento presenta los resultados de los potenciales energéticos teóricos y técnicos a partir del aprovechamiento de los desechos de ganado vacuno en la autogeneración de electricidad para dos casos de estudio, a través de la metodología APRENDYSAGE y del análisis de su viabilidad técnica, económica y ambiental, con el software RETScreen.Resultados: La energía eléctrica generada a partir de la implementación de sistemas de biodigestión con recursos de biomasa residual pecuaria y sistemas de autogeneración logra suplir las necesidades propias de un hogar con capacidad instalada de 3 kW.Conclusiones: La inversión económica para la aplicación de este tipo de proyectos es bastante alta; sin embargo, existen beneficios como la reducción de emisiones de efecto invernadero, la reducción de focos de infección debido al manejo inadecuado de la biomasa residual pecuaria, y la producción de biofertilizantes y biogás, que hacen viable la aplicación de estas iniciativas.

Prospectiva de Autogeneración en el Ecuador mediante uso de Modelo LEAP

Las proyecciones de crecimiento poblacional y económico en el Ecuador indican que la demanda de energía eléctrica mantendrá una tendencia creciente. Uno de los esquemas orientados a contribuir con la cobertura futura de la demanda energética es la autogeneración eléctrica, en la que los usuarios producen electricidad para satisfacer necesidades propias mediante generadores instalados en el propio punto de consumo.
 En este trabajo se presenta una metodología para proyectar el potencial de autogeneración con paneles fotovoltaicos instalados en las edificaciones del país. El espacio máximo disponible para la instalación de paneles es estimado tomando secciones del área propiamente construida de los sectores residencial, industrial, comercial, mixto y otros. La penetración de la autogeneración fotovoltaica es estimada entre los años 2013 y 2050, calculando la evolución de la demanda energética durante este período mediante el uso del software de planeación energética LEAP. Los resultados obtenidos son comparados con los de un escenario sin autogeneración.
 De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos para el año 2050, alrededor de un 17% de la capacidad instalada estaría representada por sistemas de autogeneración fotovoltaica, cubriendo alrededor de 5,7% de la demanda de energía eléctrica total.

Xu Bing’s cross-cultural fertilization: Ziran in transplanting

Abstract Using ‘Forest Project’ by contemporary Chinese artist Xu Bing as a case study, this article investigates how the ideology of Ziran (the Chinese version of nature) has been promoted through the practice of art at a community and international level. Mainly focusing on the first two editions of the project in Kenya (2008) and Shenzhen (2009), the paper argues that the artist’s approach to the environment of others and his own demonstrates his frustration towards cultural hegemony while drawing attention to the notion of sustainability proposed by Ziran, which is built on an independent and self-generating system.

Recovery Storage Tank Size: An Optimization Approach for Tri-generation Systems on Diesel Power Generators

Electrical energy demand is continuously increasing due to the global population growth and improved living standards. This proposes a growth in the potential for the use of tri-generation systems in residential sector, due to their ability to produce both useful thermal energy and electrical power from a single source. In Lebanon, the electrical capacity shortage has created an informal back-up self-generation systems, mostly are diesel power generators, estimated to represent about 30% of all electricity generated. This paper presents a simulation study, using TRNSYS software, of tri-generation systems working on diesel engines to supply the different residential energy demands. The recovered percentage of the exhaust gas wasted energy is determined and an optimizing study is carried out to find the optimum storage tanks sizes of the recovered thermal energy. Results show that tri-generation systems are found to make diesel power generators more energy-efficient and thus reduce greenhouse gases emissions.

Solar photovoltaic assistance for LHB rail coaches

Awareness for the need of sustainable and ecofriendly mobility has been increasing and various innovations are taking place in this regard. A study was carried out to assess the feasibility of installing solar photovoltaic (PV) modules atop train coaches. Most long-distance trains having LHB coaches do not have self-generating systems, thus making power cars mandatory to supply the required power for lighting loads. Feasibility of supplementing diesel generator sets with power from solar PV modules installed on coach rooftops has been reported in this communication. Not only is there a conservation of fuel, there is also a significant reduction in CO 2 emissions. This work has shown that the area available on coach rooftops is more than sufficient to generate the required power, during sunlight hours, for the electrical loads of a non-A/C coach even during winter. All calculations were done keeping a standard route as the reference. Taking the cost of diesel to be Rs 66/litre, it was estimated that there will be annual savings of Rs 5,900,000 corresponding to 90,800 litres diesel per rake per year by implementing this scheme. The installation cost of solar modules would be recovered within 2-3 years. Implementation of this scheme would also amount to an annual reduction of 239 tonnes of CO 2 emissions.

Recovery from schizophrenia: form follows functioning

Recovery from schizophrenia: form follows functioning

Making virtual worlds: Linden Lab and Second Life

The past decade has seen phenomenal growth in the development and use of virtual worlds. In one of the most notable, Second Life, millions of people have created online avatars in order to play games, take classes, socialize, and conduct business transactions. Second Life offers a gathering point and the tools for people to create a new world online. Too often neglected in popular and scholarly accounts of such groundbreaking new environments is the simple truth that, of necessity, such virtual worlds emerge from physical workplaces marked by negotiation, creation, and constant change. Thomas Malaby spent a year at Linden Lab, the real-world home of Second Life, observing those who develop and profit from the sprawling, self-generating system they have created. Some of the challenges created by Second Life for its developers were of a very traditional nature, such as how to cope with a business that is growing more quickly than existing staff can handle. Others are seemingly new: How, for instance, does one regulate something that is supposed to run on its own? Is it possible simply to create a space for people to use and then not govern its use? Can one apply these same free-range/free-market principles to the office environment in which the game is produced? Lindens-as the Linden Lab employees call themselves-found that their efforts to prompt user behavior of one sort or another were fraught with complexities, as a number of ongoing processes collided with their own interventions. In Making Virtual Worlds, Malaby thoughtfully describes the world of Linden Lab and the challenges faced while he was conducting his in-depth ethnographic research there. He shows how the workers of a very young but quickly growing company were themselves caught up in ideas about technology, games, and organizations, and struggled to manage not only their virtual world but also themselves in a nonhierarchical fashion. In exploring the practices the Lindens employed, he questions what was at stake in their virtual world, what a game really is (and how people participate), and the role of the unexpected in a product like Second Life and an organization like Linden Lab.

Self-generation of machining precision and its realization in lapping of super precision solid balls

This paper presents the principle of self-generation of machining precision by explaining its basic concept and five necessary conditions for forming a system with self-organization capability. A self-generation system is a kind of system with self-organization capability. The self-generation of machining precision for solid balls with super precision is emphatically explained. From the view-point of self-organization, there are three types of systems including system S1 with the self-regulation capability, S2 with the self-determination capability of goals, and S3 with the self-organization capability. Although they are all closed loop control systems, they have different constructions and functions. Necessary conditions for achieving self-generation of machining precision are given. Establishment of the system for machining solid balls with super precision is discussed. Self-generation of machining precision for solid balls with super precision on the basis of the capability of self-removal of errors is presented. Self-generation includes the ability of self-removal of errors for solid balls, convergence of self-removal of errors, self-generation of precision, and self-generating system for the given.

Investigation on self generation of machining precision and its realization in grinding of solid balls with super precision

Principle of self-generation of machining precision is presented.Self-generation of grinding precision for solid balls with super precision is explained emphatically.From the angle of self-organization there are system 1(S1) with the abil- ity of self-regulation,system 2(S2) with the ability for self- determination of goal and system 3 (S3) with the ability of self-organization.All 3 kinds of systems are closed loop control system,but there are differences in fimction and construction among them.Both conditions for realizing self-generation of machining precision and system S3 for self-generating of ma- chining precision are given.Building of the system for self-generation of machining precision is discussed.Block dia- gram of a typical self-generating system for machining preci- sion is given.Self-generation of machining precision for solid balls with super precision based on the ability of self-removal of errors is explained emphatically.Self-generation includes the ability of self-removal of errors for solid balls,convergence of self-removal of solid ball errors,self-generation of precision and self-generating system for the given precision.

Sensitive Scholarship: A Review of Rastafari Literature(S)

The understanding of Rastafari presented to the world through scholarly interpretation has been coloured by the early interest of North Atlantic scholars or their institutions. Noticeable in the class of work is often an attempt to emphasise the Movement's ‘lackings’ especially through the lenses of religious evolution. Such a compartment if immediately imposed on the Movement immediately misses its religious, social and political subversive intention. The objective in this review is to highlight the Rastafari Movement not in the religious sense but in the pedagogical sense, the “inturned” self-generating and self-justifying system of faith and action or what Clinton Hutton refers to as the “sovereign learner”, providing a critique of conventional systems of leading and learning. In this sense the Movement may be understood as a religio-pedagogy, by which is meant a system to link the knowledge of self-empowerment.

A new approach to fuzzy classifier systems and its application in self-generating neuro-fuzzy systems

A classifier system is a machine learning system that learns syntactically simple string rules (called classifiers) through a genetic algorithm to guide its performance in an arbitrary environment. In a classifier system, the bucket brigade algorithm is used to solve the problem of credit assignment, which is a critical problem in the field of reinforcement learning. In this paper, we propose a new approach to fuzzy classifier systems and a neuro-fuzzy system referred to as ACSNFIS to implement the proposed fuzzy classifier system. The proposed system is tested by the balancing problem of a cart pole and the back-driving problem of a truck to demonstrate its performance.

The construction of emergent order, or, how to resist the temptation of hylozoism.

Hylozoism, the doctrine that nature is imbued by life even in the apparently inert and lifeless, has as one of its "appealing" features the ability to duck the perplexing issue of how life originated. By so doing, hylozoism has generated even more conundrums such as why rocks, if indeed they are actually animated, don't appear alive. Hylozoism is not so much a resolution as a way of avoiding the possibility of the emergence of the radically novel. But, hylozoism is not just a relic of the past since modern strains of its specific explanatory strategy can be detected in three examples from the study of complex systems, namely, May's and Feigenbaum's explanation of complexity and universality in "one-humped" maps, Maturana's and Varela's idea of autopoeisis, and Goertzel's notion of self-generating systems. These three explanatory strategies are analyzed as to their hylozoist cast with the result that the first is found to be appropriate to the mathematical nature of the inquiry while the second two are found wanting in the same way that hylozoism in general proves unsatisfactory as an explanation. To remedy the problems associated with a hylozoist strategy, a constructional view of the emergence of new wholes is proposed including intimations as to how this constructional process might proceed.

Principles of self-generation and self-maintenance.

Living systems are characterized as self-generating and self-maintaining systems. This type of characterization allows integration of a wide variety of detailed knowledge in biology. The paper clarifies general notions such as processes, systems, and interactions. Basic properties of self-generating systems, i.e. systems which produce their own parts and hence themselves, are discussed and exemplified. This makes possible a clear distinction between living beings and ordinary machines. Stronger conditions are summarized under the concept of self-maintenance as an almost unique character of living systems. Finally, we discuss the far-reaching consequences that the principles of self-generation and self-maintenance have for the organization, structure, function, and evolution of single- and multi-cellular organisms.

Higher-pH Acid Stimulation Systems

Summary Two types of high-pH (4 to 6), mild-acting acidizing systems have been developed for in-depth rock matrix stimulation of both sandstone and carbonate reservoirs:self-generating (SG),** which utilizes the hydrolysis of an ester (or other acid producers) to generate low concentrations of H+, andbuffer-regulated (BR), which utilizes an organic acid buffered with its ammonium salt. For sandstone stimulations, the HF acid generation is provided by the addition of ammonium fluoride. In-depth stimulation can be achieved with these systems from ambient temperature to about 280 degrees F [138 degrees C]. Near-wellbore damage removal can be obtained by using BR systems to at least 380 degrees F [193 degrees C]. Maximum application temperature is being determined now. Three SG systems have been developed for different operating temperature ranges: methyl formate (MF), for 130 to 180 degrees F [54 to 82 degrees C]; the ammonium salt of monochloroacetic acid (CA), for 180 to 215 degrees F [82 to 102 degrees C]; and methyl acetate (MA), for 190 to 280 degrees F [88 to 130 degrees C]. Similarly, BR systems have been developed for different pH ranges: formic acid (F) for pH 3.5 to 4.0, and acetic acid (A) and citric acid (C) for pH 4.5 to 5.0. Because of their moderate pH levels and low corrosiveness, BR systems also have potential application at temperatures where excessive corrosion precludes the use of conventional acids. Laboratory corrosion studies on BR systems show that corrosion rates, without inhibitors, are within acceptable limits to about 380 degrees F [193 degrees C]. Corrosion inhibitors should allow applicability to higher temperatures. This paper reviews the theory and experiments used in the development of these SG and BR systems. Field test results with these systems are presented in Refs. 1 through 4. Introduction Well stimulation acids have been designed traditionally on the basis of dissolving capacity, Therefore, concentrated acids such as 15% and 28% HCl and 12% HCl/3% HF have been used widely. These acid systems have pH values less than zero and are classified as strong acids. Both field experience and laboratory flow test results suggest that the amount of material causing impairment is probably small. However, because of its location in the flow channels in the rock, it can result in significant impairment. Further, the industry has been concerned for a long time with damage that may result from the release of fines and with the rapid reaction and depletion characteristics of low-ph acid stimulations. To meet the need for milder, slower-acting acids, we undertook a laboratory study that led to the development of the SG and BR systems described. Our field experiences with sandstone acidization have shown that mild acids and modified field procedures result in acid stimulation jobs with increased, stabilized oil production. JPT P. 2175^

Transport Phenomena in Zonal Centrifuge Rotors. XII. Dispersion in Reorienting Self-Generating Density Gradients

Abstract Dispersion in reorienting self-generating gradient systems for zonal centrifugations was investigated. Dispersions in experimental runs for K-III and J-I rotors were analyzed and compared with previously published analytical results. Various factors that contributed to a sample band broadening due to dispersion are discussed and evaluated. It is concluded that a control of rotor acceleration and deceleration may not be important.